Child Protection and Practice最新文献

{"title":"Transition from care experiences of youth aged 13 to 23 living with fetal alcohol spectrum disorder in Canada: A scoping review","authors":"Michele L. Palk ,&nbsp;Christine Wekerle","doi":"10.1016/j.chipro.2025.100172","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chipro.2025.100172","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) is a full body, lifespan diagnosis resulting from prenatal alcohol exposure that affects people differently. Children and youth living with FASD are an important sub-population within child welfare services. Yet, knowledge about youths’ transition from care is limited. Policy may be implemented before understanding evidence for supportive programming like ensuring early and consistent prenatal care, remedial education, etc. In 2023, Ontario mandated child welfare transition planning begin at age 13. While youth are valued decision-maker participants, research on the lived experience of child welfare involved youth living with FASD is a gap.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To map the extant research on the experiences of child welfare-involved youth living with FASD in Canada preparing to leave care. This literature scope may help to minimize or address risks, and identify strengths, during this transition.</div></div><div><h3>Participants and setting</h3><div>Peer-reviewed Canadian articles in English about child welfare-involved youth with a confirmed history of prenatal alcohol exposure, FASD diagnosis, or both were eligible for inclusion. Child welfare-involved youth from early adolescence to adulthood represent the age captured in included studies.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>A systematic scoping review using JBI guidelines was conducted, and four databases (Embase, Medline, PsycINFO, and Social Work Abstracts) searched using a librarian supported search strategy. Reviewers independently completed title/abstract, full-text screening, and data extraction. PRISMA-Scr, descriptive and narrative analysis were used to understand risks and protective factors.</div></div><div><h3>Findings</h3><div>Six studies met inclusion criteria. A substantial minority of youth experienced comorbidities. Contextual factors were inconsistently described, and several outcomes minimally reported on. Positive outcomes, protective factors, resilience pathways, and youth voices were absent. Four main themes highlighting the complexities of living and planning for youth with FASD were identified. Related policy, research, and child welfare practice implications are discussed.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>While this subpopulation must leave care by early adulthood, their experience is missing from the literature. We recommend investing in foundational research on pathways of exiting care, updating policy and practice to ensure youth voices are integrated, and optimizing, standardizing, and tracking protective factors throughout child welfare engagement.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100237,"journal":{"name":"Child Protection and Practice","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100172"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143899201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Childhood neglect, depression, and academic burnout in left-behind children in China: Understanding the roles of feelings of insecurity and self-esteem","authors":"Yongyong Xu ,&nbsp;Shanting Chen ,&nbsp;Yingying Ye ,&nbsp;Wen Wen ,&nbsp;Rui Zhen ,&nbsp;Xiao Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.chipro.2025.100168","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chipro.2025.100168","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Childhood neglect correlates with increased levels of depression and academic burnout. However, the unique contribution and underlying mechanisms of physical and emotional neglect to depression and academic burnout among left-behind children in China remain unknown.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study examined the underlying mechanisms of physical and emotional neglect on depression and academic burnout through feelings of insecurity and self-esteem in left-behind children in China.</div></div><div><h3>Participants</h3><div><em>and</em> Settings: Participants were 1597 Chinese left-behind children (<em>M</em>_age = 16.81; 50.5 % boys) from senior high schools in Anhui Province, China.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Participants completed a childhood trauma questionnaire, a security questionnaire, a Rosenberg self-esteem scale, a children depression scale, and a Maslach burnout inventory-human services survey in 2019. Structural equation modeling was used to analyze the data.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Results showed that physical neglect was linked with depression and academic burnout through self-esteem. Emotional neglect was linked with depression and academic burnout through both feelings of insecurity and self-esteem.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Our results highlighted the distinct negative influences of different types of child maltreatment and suggested potential interventions targeted at emotional and cognitive domains.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100237,"journal":{"name":"Child Protection and Practice","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100168"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143881736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Foster youth perceptions of the system's impact on themselves and their families: A California photovoice project","authors":"Kate R. Watson ,&nbsp;Yesi Camacho Torres ,&nbsp;Amanda Joanne Solis ,&nbsp;Abigail Rubtsova Henderson ,&nbsp;Nancy Mogy ,&nbsp;Zoe Wright ,&nbsp;Angelica Sac Tzep ,&nbsp;Jacqueline Talavera","doi":"10.1016/j.chipro.2025.100159","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chipro.2025.100159","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Youth in foster care face unique challenges that can significantly impact their personal development and well-being. However, most research does not include them. Understanding their perceptions of their experiences is crucial for improving child welfare systems.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To explore the perspectives of young adults regarding their experiences with the child welfare system and its impact on their lives.</div></div><div><h3>Participants and setting</h3><div>Young adults with lived experience in the foster care system participated in a collaborative research project conducted over eight weeks in July and August 2023.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A participatory action research approach using photovoice methodology was employed. Participants engaged in weekly group meetings, photography assignments, and guided discussions. They also learned how to engage in policy advocacy.</div></div><div><h3>Findings</h3><div>Participants reported challenges in forming cohesive identities, maintaining privacy, and navigating complex family relationships. Several experienced stigma and felt dehumanized by the system. However, most discussed hope and demonstrated post-traumatic growth, expressing a desire to use their experiences to help others.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The study highlights the profound impact of foster care placement on youth identity, relationships, autonomy, and personal agency. Findings suggest a need for more personalized, youth-centered approaches in child welfare that respect individuality and privacy while providing necessary support. Most importantly, the research emphasizes the importance of listening to and learning from youth for system reform efforts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100237,"journal":{"name":"Child Protection and Practice","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100159"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143906901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"It matters where they live - the role of institutional factors for the mental health of unaccompanied young refugees","authors":"Flora Katrin Dietlinger ,&nbsp;Fabienne Hornfeck ,&nbsp;Rita Rosner ,&nbsp;Elisa Pfeiffer ,&nbsp;Cedric Sachser ,&nbsp;Heinz Kindler","doi":"10.1016/j.chipro.2025.100160","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chipro.2025.100160","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Child and Youth Welfare Service (CYWS) facilities are an essential source of support and recovery for unaccompanied young refugees (UYRs) with traumatic experiences. Their mental health is affected by pre-, peri-, and post-flight stressors, with the residential setting playing a crucial role in increasing or reducing these risks.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This longitudinal study aimed to analyze how institutional factors in CYWS facilities influence UYRs’ mental health over a one-year period.</div></div><div><h3>Participants and setting</h3><div>We included <em>N</em> = 131 UYRs (<em>M</em>_age = 17.04; <em>SD</em>_age = 1.46; 81.7 % male) living in <em>N</em> = 22 residential group homes in Germany.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Standardized questionnaires were used to assess posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS), depression, and anxiety symptoms. Additionally, facility directors or social workers completed a questionnaire on facility characteristics, and the research team evaluated workload, staffing, and accommodation quality.</div></div><div><h3>Findings</h3><div>Lower staff workload predicted lower PTSS, depression, and anxiety scores among UYRs after one year. Living in UYR-specific groups also predicted lower PTSS scores. Open group climate after six months (T1) mediated the association between accommodation quality rating and PTSS, depression, and anxiety, as well as between UYR-specific group and PTSS and depression.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The institutional environment has an important impact on UYRs’ mental health. An institutional environment with sufficient staff, a high accommodation quality, and UYR-specific groups is beneficial for reducing the mental health burden.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100237,"journal":{"name":"Child Protection and Practice","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100160"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143899217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Scaling a parenting program to reduce child maltreatment in Tanzania: The role of facilitator fidelity in adolescent and parent outcomes","authors":"Mackenzie Martin ,&nbsp;Jamie M. Lachman ,&nbsp;Francisco Calderon ,&nbsp;Qing Han ,&nbsp;Yulia Shenderovich ,&nbsp;Esther Nydetabura ,&nbsp;Nyasha Manjengenja ,&nbsp;Joyce Wamoyi ,&nbsp;Frances Gardner","doi":"10.1016/j.chipro.2025.100161","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chipro.2025.100161","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>There is limited and mixed evidence on the relationship between facilitator fidelity and the outcomes of parents/caregivers and children participating in parenting programs aiming to reduce violence against children. The evidence is particularly limited from program delivery in low- and middle-countries, at scale, and in community settings.</div></div><div><h3>Participants and setting</h3><div>The study used data collected by implementing partners during the 2020–2021 scale-up of Parenting for Lifelong Health for Parents and Adolescents (PLH-Teens) to 75,061 parents/caregivers and adolescents in rural and semi-urban Tanzania.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This study examined the predictive validity of an observational measure used to assess the fidelity of facilitators delivering PLH-Teens. To examine the relationship between facilitator fidelity and outcomes, multi-level Poisson regressions were conducted. A total of 24 facilitator assessments could be linked with pre-post surveys from 3057 families.</div></div><div><h3>Findings</h3><div>Analyses found mixed results, with fidelity having positive, negative, and insignificant associations with participant outcomes. The observational measure used in PLH-Teens was not found to demonstrate consistent predictive validity across multiple outcomes. As cfidelity was positively associated with some participant outcomes, including the primary outcome (child maltreatment) according to adolescent- but not caregiver-reports, facilitator fidelity appears beneficial for participants to some extent.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>There are a variety of potential explanations for the inconsistent results which suggest avenues for future research. Exploration of these avenues would benefit the ongoing dissemination of PLH and other parent programs as these communities strive to maximize the ability of families globally to benefit from evidence-based parenting programs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100237,"journal":{"name":"Child Protection and Practice","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100161"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143874298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Child welfare service delivery via remote communication: Perspectives on engagement from service users and providers in Ontario, Canada","authors":"Kristen Lwin ,&nbsp;Xiaohong Shi ,&nbsp;Mohamad Musa ,&nbsp;Lorraine Oloya ,&nbsp;Natalie Beltrano ,&nbsp;Jolanta Rasteniene ,&nbsp;Brenda Moody","doi":"10.1016/j.chipro.2025.100163","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chipro.2025.100163","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The COVID-19 pandemic and subsequent physical distancing orders resulted in the implementation of most child welfare services in Ontario, Canada through remote or non-face-to-face communication. The widespread shift to remote service delivery was unprecedented and guided by few or no child welfare policies or experiences for workers or leaders to draw upon. While the current child welfare body of literature offers strategies for in-person relationship building and engagement, there is no evidence exploring the link between engaging service users and remote service delivery. Given this significant knowledge gap, this study explored service providers' and users’ experiences about whether and how engagement was impacted by providing or receiving child welfare services via remote communication. The study utilized a qualitative research design that included a sample of child welfare workers (<em>n</em> = 15), caregivers (<em>n</em> = 15), and youth (<em>n</em> = 17); data were analyzed using thematic analysis. Results suggest that engagement can be promoted through remote communication, as it signals trust and respect, promoting connections and reduced fear. There were also challenges in using remote communication especially with young children, those with less technological experience, and for difficult conversations, but it should be considered for future use based on individual needs. Further strengths and challenges are discussed, including mitigating factors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100237,"journal":{"name":"Child Protection and Practice","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100163"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143886010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Child advocacy centers: Perspectives from frontline child protection workers in Michigan, USA","authors":"Nathyn A. Thompson,&nbsp;Kaylee R. Bares,&nbsp;Sarah R. Carlson","doi":"10.1016/j.chipro.2025.100162","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chipro.2025.100162","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Providing a coordinated response to child abuse among professionals from diverse fields has the potential to improve outcomes for children and advance justice in abuse cases. The multidisciplinary team model, implemented through child advocacy centers in the United States, has been widely adopted to facilitate such collaboration. This study conducted ten interviews with child protective services workers in Michigan, United States, to examine their experiences working with child advocacy centers and engaging with multidisciplinary teams. Findings reveal that child advocacy centers are viewed favorably by child protection workers. A notable aspect of collaboration included support for investigative processes. Strong relationships between child protective services workers and staff from child advocacy centers emerged as a key facilitator of engagement with multidisciplinary teams. However, participants identified challenges such as feeling undervalued and misunderstood by team partners and community members, as well as logistical barriers related to scheduling and coordination of child forensic interviews. Participants also recommended improvements to training and education provided by child advocacy centers for multidisciplinary team partners. This study highlights the importance of sustained multidisciplinary collaboration and positive working relationships to improve responses to child abuse. Recommendations include strengthening partnerships between child protection agencies and child advocacy centers through cross-agency training, improving communication of child protection policies to community stakeholders, and addressing logistical challenges faced by child protective services workers. Formalized methods for fostering and maintaining relationships are essential to advancing the effectiveness of multidisciplinary teams in addressing child abuse.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100237,"journal":{"name":"Child Protection and Practice","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100162"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143850761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Social media facilitates disclosure among people experiencing child maltreatment: A brief report","authors":"Laura M. Schwab-Reese ,&nbsp;Morgan E. PettyJohn ,&nbsp;Rafia Tasnim ,&nbsp;Michelle Fingerman","doi":"10.1016/j.chipro.2025.100158","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chipro.2025.100158","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Many victims, particularly adolescents, must disclose abuse or neglect to have their experiences identified by people able to provide support and resources. Social media may be part of how young people seek support.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This brief reports the percentage of young victims of maltreatment who use social media to disclose their experiences and describes the most used platforms.</div></div><div><h3>Participants, setting, and methods</h3><div>Of the 641 individuals who completed a screening survey via Connect on CloudResearch, 111 experienced childhood maltreatment and shared their experiences on social media. Of these, 26 participants completed a follow-up survey.</div></div><div><h3>Findings</h3><div>Almost all respondents in the follow-up survey reported offline disclosure (n = 24; 92 %), although telling an adult offline was less common (n = 19; 73 %). Most participants disclosed maltreatment on multiple platforms (n = 22; 85 %), usually on two or three platforms (n = 14; 54 %). Although it was common to use anonymous accounts to talk about maltreatment, 80 % of participants posted at least once on their personal accounts.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This study identifies the importance of social media for young people's maltreatment disclosures. Social media platforms and users need to be prepared to respond appropriately.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100237,"journal":{"name":"Child Protection and Practice","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100158"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143863786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Family centered approach to child protection services in India: Future scope for non- governmental organizations to prevent child maltreatment","authors":"Promita Majumdar,&nbsp;Asok Kumar Sarkar","doi":"10.1016/j.chipro.2025.100157","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chipro.2025.100157","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The article emphasizes the importance of strengthening India's child protection system by incorporating NGOs to deliver crucial elements, particularly those that fortify families. The Ministry of Women and Child Development initiated Mission Vatsalya to ensure the well-being of children with an emphasis on family-oriented care. As the principal body for child protection, the ministry encompasses a variety of policies, laws, and initiatives aimed at safeguarding children. However, over the years, the child protection system in India has faced varied challenges in realizing its full potential. The authors review the positive aspects and propose methods for more efficient and rapid implementation. Additionally, the article illuminates the role of NGOs in executing and providing family-centered interventions to prevent child maltreatment. It discusses the role of NGOs as effective facilitators in the application of government policies, illustrated by several examples. The article concludes by advocating that evidence based child welfare policies should be recognized to combat child maltreatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100237,"journal":{"name":"Child Protection and Practice","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100157"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143860461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Orphans and other vulnerable children in Tanzanian care institutions: Experiences of maltreatment and mental health problems","authors":"Getrude Mkinga ,&nbsp;Anette Kirika ,&nbsp;Tobias Hecker ,&nbsp;Katharin Hermenau","doi":"10.1016/j.chipro.2025.100155","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chipro.2025.100155","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Orphans and vulnerable children (OVC) are likely to have multiple experiences of maltreatment by different perpetrators in and out of institutional care. Child maltreatment has been shown to have serious and long-lasting consequences for children's development.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study aims at examining maltreatment experiences of OVC in institutional care facilities in Tanzania and their association with mental health problems.</div></div><div><h3>Participants</h3><div>We assessed a sample of 373 institutionalized children (45.8 % male) with a mean age of 9.44 years (range: 6–13) from 24 registered and unregistered childcare institutions in Dar es Salaam region, Tanzania.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Structured interviews were conducted assessing current maltreatment by caregivers and peer victimization in the orphanage, previous maltreatment in the family of origin, and mental health problems.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Almost all children experienced maltreatment by different perpetrators (caregivers, peers, family of origin). About one-fifth of all children reported mental health problems. Maltreatment by caregivers (β = 0.14) and peer violence (β = 0.18) were significantly associated with mental health problems. In a second model including only children reporting on the family of origin, maltreatment in the family of origin (<em>β</em> = 0.24) and peer violence (β = 0.16) were significantly associated with mental health problems.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>In addition to maltreatment in the family of origin, OVC reported experiences of maltreatment both by caregivers and peers in the orphanage. The prevalence of maltreatment and its association with mental health problems underline the urgent need for prevention of maltreatment in institutional care in Tanzania.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100237,"journal":{"name":"Child Protection and Practice","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100155"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143847899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}