Child Protection and Practice最新文献

{"title":"Human trafficking across the Americas: Victims, services, and the law","authors":"Tom D. Kennedy,&nbsp;Brittany Plombon,&nbsp;Caroline Haskamp,&nbsp;Bianca Howard,&nbsp;Cammi Shoultz,&nbsp;Danielle Millen,&nbsp;David Detullio,&nbsp;Jennifer Davidtz","doi":"10.1016/j.chipro.2025.100211","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chipro.2025.100211","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Human trafficking has garnered increasing attention and global awareness as a significant violation of fundamental human rights. This modern-day slavery is actively occurring both internationally and in our local communities. The Trafficking in Persons (TIP) Report outlines the extent and typical services allocated for survivors of human trafficking by country. Additionally, the report details the funding allocated toward prevention and services, as well as the annual efforts of each country's government to meet the minimum standards outlined by the Trafficking Victims Protection Act (TVPA, 2000). This study aimed to examine the chronological growth and decline of specific government efforts to combat human trafficking in countries across North, South, and Central America. Specifically, descriptive differences in trends and services were explored country by country, comparing the narratives provided in 2014 to those offered in the 2018 TIP report. The overall trends indicate that almost two-thirds of the governments of countries in the Americas have remained relatively unchanged in their efforts to comply with the minimum standards of the TVPA (TIP, 2014; TIP, 2018). Only three countries have consistently remained in the top tier (i.e., Canada, the United States of America, and Chile).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100237,"journal":{"name":"Child Protection and Practice","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100211"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144713175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Where is the disability? A critical analysis of case reports of online sexual abuse of children with disabilities","authors":"Gal Friedman-Hauser ,&nbsp;Carmit Katz","doi":"10.1016/j.chipro.2025.100207","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chipro.2025.100207","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Children with disabilities (CWD) face a heightened risk of experiencing sexual abuse. Despite the severity and persistence of these cases, they often receive inadequate responses from child protection systems compared to incidents involving non-disabled children. Moreover, recent technological advancements have extended the risk of sexual abuse beyond physical spaces to online environments. This creates an escalated risk and challenges for the protection of CWD.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study aims to conduct a qualitative-critical analysis of case reports detailing incidents of online child sexual abuse (OCSA) involving CWD to explore how these cases are documented and addressed.</div></div><div><h3>Participants and setting</h3><div>The data comprised 25 reports from a hotline in Israel receiving reports of online child sexual abuse of CWD aged 11–17 across Israel.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Influenced by a critical paradigm, the study utilizes a qualitative methodology to undertake a reflexive thematic analysis of the reports.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The analysis revealed a significant underrepresentation of CWD's voices in the reports, which predominantly reflected parental perspectives. Moreover, the disability aspect was often overlooked, with limited acknowledgment or reference to the child's disability.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The findings underscored the marginalization of CWD in child protection processes. They highlighted the urgent need to integrate disability-specific considerations into post-abuse treatment and intervention, advocating for the inclusion of children's perspectives in reporting and response efforts. Recommendations include enhancing professional training, refining reporting protocols to address disability explicitly, and implementing policy reforms to ensure inclusive support systems. Future research should explore comparative analysis and gather qualitative insights from CWD to enhance intervention strategies effectively.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100237,"journal":{"name":"Child Protection and Practice","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100207"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144633039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the cycle of violence: Own childhood experiences of violence and attitudes towards violence relate to female caregivers’ violent discipline","authors":"Faustine Bwire Masath ,&nbsp;Tobias Hecker","doi":"10.1016/j.chipro.2025.100209","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chipro.2025.100209","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Violence against children, including violent discipline, is widespread globally, particularly in low- and middle-income countries like Tanzania. However, evidence supporting the cycle of violence hypothesis in nations with a high prevalence of violent discipline is still scarce, especially concerning female caregivers.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study examined the association of female caregivers’ experiences of violent discipline in their childhood, as well as their approval of violent discipline, with their use of violent discipline against their children. <strong>Participants and setting</strong>: A total of 851 female caregivers (<em>Mean (M)</em> _Age = 40.00 years, <em>Standard Deviation (SD)</em> _Age = 11.392, Range: 17–91 years) of children (<em>M</em>_Age = 12.58 years, <em>SD</em>_Age = 1.43, Range: 8–18 years) participated in a cluster-randomised controlled trial aimed at preventing violent discipline by teachers in 12 schools across six regions of Tanzania.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Binary logistic regression analyses were used to examine the association of female caregivers with and without experience of violent discipline in their childhood and those approving and not approving violent discipline with their use of physical and emotional violent discipline against their children.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>More than 90 % of female caregivers reported having experienced violent discipline during their childhood. Also, about 95 % of female caregivers reported favourable attitudes towards violent discipline, 72.2 % had used one or more forms of physical violent discipline, and 84.8 % had used one or more forms of emotional violent discipline against their children in the past month. Female caregivers with a childhood experience of violent discipline and those with favourable attitudes towards violent discipline were significantly more likely to use both physical and emotional violent discipline (<em>p</em> &lt; .05) against their child(ren).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The findings highlight the need for designing and implementing effective interventions that challenge societal norms and practices endorsing violent discipline while promoting the education of female caregivers. This approach could decrease instances of violent discipline within families and help break the cycle of violence.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100237,"journal":{"name":"Child Protection and Practice","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100209"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144633163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ideological indoctrination of children during Crises: Non-Religious extremism in authoritarian regimes","authors":"Dr Karima Almazroui","doi":"10.1016/j.chipro.2025.100205","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chipro.2025.100205","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This article investigates the secular ideological indoctrination of children under authoritarian regimes during political and humanitarian crises, focusing on the Khmer Rouge in Cambodia, North Korea, and Maoist China. While much attention has been given to religious radicalization, this study highlights how non-religious regimes exploit education and child socialization to consolidate power. Using a comparative, interdisciplinary framework grounded in critical theory, developmental psychology, and human rights law, it explores how states manipulate curricula, emotional bonds, and youth institutions to reengineer identity, suppress dissent, and instill loyalty.</div><div>Crises enable regimes to occupy moral and epistemic space left by collapsing institutions, reframing education as a tool of ideological purification. The study introduces the concept of <em>affective captivity</em> to capture the emotional restructuring of children's moral frameworks and links these practices to violations of the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child. It reframes indoctrination as a form of epistemic and structural violence with enduring psychological and civic consequences.</div><div>By naming secular indoctrination as a form of non-religious extremism, the article contributes to authoritarian studies, child rights, and comparative education. It calls for enhanced legal recognition, critical curriculum safeguards, and post-crisis strategies to protect children's autonomy and psychosocial development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100237,"journal":{"name":"Child Protection and Practice","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100205"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144655954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to “Australian Catholic teachers’ preparedness in identifying and responding to harmful sexual behavior and their training and resource needs” [Child Protection and Practice 5 (2025) 100181 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chipro.2025.100181]","authors":"Lesley-Anne Ey ,&nbsp;Neil Tippett ,&nbsp;Elspeth McInnes ,&nbsp;Lewis Cockram ,&nbsp;Anissa Ostovar-Ravare","doi":"10.1016/j.chipro.2025.100191","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chipro.2025.100191","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100237,"journal":{"name":"Child Protection and Practice","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100191"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144481190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Benefits, burdens, and complications: A secondary analysis of research on signs of safety with service users and practitioners within the Irish child protection and welfare services","authors":"Matthew Townsend ,&nbsp;Donna O'Leary ,&nbsp;Sinead Whiting","doi":"10.1016/j.chipro.2025.100203","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chipro.2025.100203","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Signs of Safety (SofS) is a strength-based approach for family intervention. The SofS model has been adopted in many jurisdictions internationally, including Ireland. It is used by social workers to engage with families referred for services due to concerns about child welfare or abuse.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To examine the implementation and use of SofS in the context of the Irish child protection and welfare services.</div></div><div><h3>Participants and setting</h3><div>Review of reports involving three groups of stakeholders (social workers, parents, and children).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A documentary analysis of early research on SofS within the Irish child protection and welfare services. We conducted a comprehensive analysis and interpretation of the reports from three studies commissioned by Tusla, the Child and Family Agency (Tusla) following the implementation of SofS.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>SofS empowers social workers and improves relationships lbetween social workers and families. However, SofS also takes more time and energy to use and poses a barrier to good practice in some situations. The complexities of the SofS model combined with heavy workloads, mean there is not always time for social workers to engage with SofS fully. Social workers and clients reported that this negatively impacted their experience.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The findings indicate two contrasting characteristics of the SofS model. It also identifies and analyzes the current Irish evidence base.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100237,"journal":{"name":"Child Protection and Practice","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100203"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144501026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between third places and behavioral problems among adolescents: A cross-sectional study","authors":"Rikuya Hosokawa ,&nbsp;Haruko Tazoe ,&nbsp;Riho Tomozawa ,&nbsp;Toshiki Katsura","doi":"10.1016/j.chipro.2025.100202","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chipro.2025.100202","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>A third place is a location other than home or school/work. Most studies investigating third places have focused on adults of various ages, leaving a gap in the understanding of how third places affect adolescents’ mental health.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study investigated the relationship between the availability of a third place and behavioral problems in adolescents.</div></div><div><h3>Participants</h3><div>a<strong>nd Setting</strong>: Participants comprised parents of Japanese eighth graders aged 13–14 years (<em>n</em> = 540).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The presence of a third place and behavioral issues were assessed using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, which measures emotional symptoms, peer relationship problems, conduct problems, and hyperactivity. Of the 540 reports, 369 (68.3 %) indicated that children had a third place. <em>T</em>-tests comparing mean scores showed that the group without a third place scored significantly higher on emotional symptoms and peer relationship problems than the group with a third place. A logistic regression analysis was conducted using the inverse weight method with propensity scores. The explanatory variable was the presence of a third place, and the objective variable was the occurrence of behavioral problems. Propensity scores were calculated based on gender, family structure, household income, and parental education.</div></div><div><h3>Findings</h3><div>The group with a third place scored significantly higher on behavioral problems and had a significantly lower risk of internalizing emotional symptoms and peer relationship problems than the group without such a place.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Having access to a third place can significantly reduce the risk of problematic behaviors in adolescents.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100237,"journal":{"name":"Child Protection and Practice","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100202"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144604473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Strengthening family relationships for Black youth-in-care in Ontario, Canada","authors":"Daniel Kikulwe ,&nbsp;Christa Sato","doi":"10.1016/j.chipro.2025.100199","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chipro.2025.100199","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Extant literature confirms that when youth are removed from their families, they experience disrupted relationships with parents, siblings, and friends and disconnections from their neighbourhoods and schools.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>The study objective was to explore the changes in Black youth's family relationships while in care.</div></div><div><h3>Participants and setting</h3><div>We completed the study in partnership with one child welfare service in Southwestern Ontario. This agency was an ideal setting because of its demonstrated commitment to the creation of culturally responsive processes and spaces, with an established collaborative relationship with African, Black, and Caribbean (ACB) communities.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This qualitative study garnered critical insights from 12 in-depth, semi-structured interviews with 13 participants comprised of children service staff, caregivers, and youth (14 years and older) on services that support Black children's wellbeing with respect to family relationships.</div></div><div><h3>Findings</h3><div>The study showed youth expressing different feelings regarding family relationships – some revealed love for their mothers while others struggled with how to manage the ongoing contacts with their families. Child welfare staff and caregivers indicated awareness that it is traumatic for children and youth to come into care. They also recognized that empathy was not enough and made several suggestions to improve services for youth.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>With respect to family relationships, findings led to the following two suggested insights for practitioners to consider about its services while supporting Black youth-in-care: 1) the need to integrate a race-informed trauma lens towards Black youth-in-care and their families; and 2) building stronger relationships with youths’ biological families.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100237,"journal":{"name":"Child Protection and Practice","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100199"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144481189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Parents adopting or fostering children with trauma histories and their network of relationships: Changes, stressors, and supports","authors":"Lauren Pryce McCarthy ,&nbsp;Rebecca Orsi-Hunt ,&nbsp;Karen Caplovitz Barrett","doi":"10.1016/j.chipro.2025.100180","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chipro.2025.100180","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Youth removed from the care of parents or primary caregivers often experience the dual trauma of both maltreatment and separation from their home and community. This can result in challenging behaviors that contribute to placement instability. Simultaneously, many caregivers find services for post-adoption and fostering to be insufficient in meeting their needs.</div><div>Despite the importance of supportive relationships for the wellbeing of foster and adoptive caregivers, there has been little research on how these caregivers perceive their personal and professional relationships. The current study aimed to address this gap in the literature.</div><div>Participants included 36 families from the United States who had acted as either long-term foster caregivers or who had adopted a child. The current study utilized focus group data. Data were analyzed using iterative thematic coding through a constant-comparative method. Themes included the importance of peer support and well-trained professionals for reducing stress as well as the ways that systemic challenges, a perceived lack of competent professionals, and perceived judgment and misunderstanding across relationships exacerbated stress. Finally, caregivers identified their experience of many relationships as ambivalent and changeable, including their relationship with a child's biological family. Both personal and professional relationships can create or ameliorate stress for foster and adoptive caregivers. Professionals aiming to support these families should work with the larger family system, receive adequate training in trauma-informed practices, and utilize clear, consistent communication.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100237,"journal":{"name":"Child Protection and Practice","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100180"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144253794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Complexity of unmet basic needs of children in adversity in China's fragmented child protection system - Risk and protective factors from a bioecological perspective","authors":"Ning Zhu ,&nbsp;Ruoran Qiu ,&nbsp;Timo Toikko","doi":"10.1016/j.chipro.2025.100193","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chipro.2025.100193","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Child protection system is continually redefined to cover more adversities because studies have identified increasingly more new adversities. The system's focus also extends to “unmet needs”.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study uses an innovative assessment framework to analyze the unmet basic needs (survival, protection, participation, and development) of children in adversity. Exploring risk and protective factors affecting their total needs at the individual, family, and society levels based on bioecological theory.</div></div><div><h3>Participants</h3><div>The study analyzed data from 1243 children in adversity and their families, covering diverse schooling levels, types of adversity, guardianship arrangements, and family structures, with children aged 6–18 years.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The sample was selected by cluster and systematic sampling. Trained social workers collected door-to-door questionnaire data on demographics, children's basic needs, parental and carer characteristics, and family functioning and environment. Predictors of children's total needs were analyzed using hierarchical linear regression.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Children in adversity had higher developmental and participation needs than survival and protection needs. Lower total needs were associated with higher children's strength characteristics and support from relatives or friends. Conversely, family trauma, caregiver negative characteristics, socio-economic resources (debt and housing instability), family dysfunction (intergenerational care difficulties) increased children's basic total needs.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Lack of parental awareness and capacity, family stress, and inadequate family support make it difficult for families to meet children's basic needs. Policymakers should acknowledge the negative impact of fragmented child protection systems on child development. An integrated protection system and social services are needed to support families, and improve children's well-being.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100237,"journal":{"name":"Child Protection and Practice","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100193"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144271278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}