Child Protection and Practice最新文献

{"title":"Family centered approach to child protection services in India: Future scope for non- governmental organizations to prevent child maltreatment","authors":"Promita Majumdar,&nbsp;Asok Kumar Sarkar","doi":"10.1016/j.chipro.2025.100157","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chipro.2025.100157","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The article emphasizes the importance of strengthening India's child protection system by incorporating NGOs to deliver crucial elements, particularly those that fortify families. The Ministry of Women and Child Development initiated Mission Vatsalya to ensure the well-being of children with an emphasis on family-oriented care. As the principal body for child protection, the ministry encompasses a variety of policies, laws, and initiatives aimed at safeguarding children. However, over the years, the child protection system in India has faced varied challenges in realizing its full potential. The authors review the positive aspects and propose methods for more efficient and rapid implementation. Additionally, the article illuminates the role of NGOs in executing and providing family-centered interventions to prevent child maltreatment. It discusses the role of NGOs as effective facilitators in the application of government policies, illustrated by several examples. The article concludes by advocating that evidence based child welfare policies should be recognized to combat child maltreatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100237,"journal":{"name":"Child Protection and Practice","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100157"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143860461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Orphans and other vulnerable children in Tanzanian care institutions: Experiences of maltreatment and mental health problems","authors":"Getrude Mkinga ,&nbsp;Anette Kirika ,&nbsp;Tobias Hecker ,&nbsp;Katharin Hermenau","doi":"10.1016/j.chipro.2025.100155","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chipro.2025.100155","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Orphans and vulnerable children (OVC) are likely to have multiple experiences of maltreatment by different perpetrators in and out of institutional care. Child maltreatment has been shown to have serious and long-lasting consequences for children's development.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study aims at examining maltreatment experiences of OVC in institutional care facilities in Tanzania and their association with mental health problems.</div></div><div><h3>Participants</h3><div>We assessed a sample of 373 institutionalized children (45.8 % male) with a mean age of 9.44 years (range: 6–13) from 24 registered and unregistered childcare institutions in Dar es Salaam region, Tanzania.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Structured interviews were conducted assessing current maltreatment by caregivers and peer victimization in the orphanage, previous maltreatment in the family of origin, and mental health problems.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Almost all children experienced maltreatment by different perpetrators (caregivers, peers, family of origin). About one-fifth of all children reported mental health problems. Maltreatment by caregivers (β = 0.14) and peer violence (β = 0.18) were significantly associated with mental health problems. In a second model including only children reporting on the family of origin, maltreatment in the family of origin (<em>β</em> = 0.24) and peer violence (β = 0.16) were significantly associated with mental health problems.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>In addition to maltreatment in the family of origin, OVC reported experiences of maltreatment both by caregivers and peers in the orphanage. The prevalence of maltreatment and its association with mental health problems underline the urgent need for prevention of maltreatment in institutional care in Tanzania.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100237,"journal":{"name":"Child Protection and Practice","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100155"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143847899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Evolution of Canada’s First Pediatric Hospital Program Specializing in Child Sex Trafficking","authors":"Corry Azzopardi ,&nbsp;Romy Cho ,&nbsp;Jasmine Eliav ,&nbsp;Heather Farina ,&nbsp;Cynthia S.-Y. Shih ,&nbsp;Jennifer N. Smith ,&nbsp;Tanya D. Smith","doi":"10.1016/j.chipro.2025.100156","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chipro.2025.100156","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Children exposed to sex trafficking experience adverse physical and mental health effects and corresponding complex health care needs. Trauma-informed pediatric health care, embedded in a systems of care framework, can help to improve the health and safety of child sex trafficking victims and survivors. Evidence-based specialty pediatric programs for child sex trafficking are currently lacking, resulting in some children being denied the quality of care needed to promote optimal health and healing. This practice perspective article describes the evolution of Canada’s first pediatric hospital-based program specializing in child sex trafficking, informed by a multisector community response protocol grounded in guiding principles and promising practices. We outline our innovative process of interdisciplinary program and protocol development, implementation, and evaluation and share our insights and lessons learned along the way. This offers a roadmap for other pediatric health care providers invested in building their capacity to respond effectively and ethically to child sex trafficking.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100237,"journal":{"name":"Child Protection and Practice","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100156"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143844267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Putting kids first: Reaffirming universal strategies for accurate detection of child sexual abuse in child protection investigations","authors":"D.J. Schnabel ,&nbsp;S. Font ,&nbsp;S. Miyamoto","doi":"10.1016/j.chipro.2025.100151","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chipro.2025.100151","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To accurately detect child sexual abuse (CSA), universal investigative best practices require caseworkers to perform timely, thorough, and unbiased interviews utilizing evidence-based practices, synthesizing evidence gathered from medical forensic evaluation and assessment of caregiver and family dynamics, and knowledge of developmental nuances in the CSA disclosure process. Incomplete CSA investigations may lead to mistakenly classifying true allegations as unsubstantiated, leaving children at risk for re-victimization. This discussion paper focuses on a case review of 62 unsubstantiated CSA allegations in Pennsylvania, United States, to describe alignment with internationally-recognized investigative CSA best practices. We highlight three universal interrelated barriers to accurate CSA detection: 1) Untimely or absent forensic interviews and medical forensic examinations; 2) Failure to mitigate investigative interference of unprotective/nonbelieving caregivers; and 3) Biases in assessing child credibility, particularly in children with vulnerabilities. We use the highlighted investigative gaps in our review to reaffirm global CSA investigative best practices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100237,"journal":{"name":"Child Protection and Practice","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100151"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143863785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring risk of child exploitation: Three exercises to discuss intersectionality with children","authors":"E.P.A. Notté ,&nbsp;F. Özcan ,&nbsp;A. Nyamu","doi":"10.1016/j.chipro.2025.100145","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chipro.2025.100145","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Intersectionality is an incredible way to highlight how different characteristics of children intersect to create either risk or protection of child exploitation. However, the concept is often experienced as abstract or complex. As part of a larger study, Terre des Hommes Netherlands designed and piloted child-friendly exercises to discuss intersectionality. We focus on our pilot in Ethiopia and Uganda, where 23 children participated.</div><div>In this practice article, we want to share our three suggested exercises (the onion exercise, avatar creation and the power walk) alongside our lessons learned. Through the exercises we learned that children identify disability, religion, living situation, age, economic situation and education as important factors that influence risk of child exploitation.</div><div>We learned that children understand intersectionality very well, using everyday concepts like an onion and applying it to their context. We used similar exercises in our organisation afterwards to discuss child exploitation and related risk factors in all countries that our organisation works in. Additionally, we used the children's insights about risk and protective factors to design our organisational training on principles to prevent and respond to child exploitation, amplifying the messages of children even further.</div><div>In our experience, these three simple exercises are a powerful tool to discuss these issues with children in an understandable way. They are easy to adapt to different contexts and subjects and can teach many practitioners, researchers and organisations about what children identify as key issues to address.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100237,"journal":{"name":"Child Protection and Practice","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100145"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143881740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Examining the impact of early life adversity on adolescent sleep health: Findings from the ABCD study","authors":"Ethan T. Hunt ,&nbsp;Keith Brazendale ,&nbsp;Augusto César Ferreira De Moraes ,&nbsp;Marcus Vinicius Nascimento-Ferreira ,&nbsp;Christopher D. Pfledderer ,&nbsp;Sarah Sampaio Izabel ,&nbsp;Erin E. Dooley ,&nbsp;Baojiang Chen ,&nbsp;Alejandra Fernandez ,&nbsp;Micah E. Johnson ,&nbsp;Hugh Garavan ,&nbsp;Alexandra S. Potter ,&nbsp;Sarajane L. Dube ,&nbsp;Nicholas Allgaier ,&nbsp;Deanna M. Hoelscher ,&nbsp;Susan F. Tapert","doi":"10.1016/j.chipro.2025.100154","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chipro.2025.100154","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Sleep irregularity are associated with health outcomes, particularly during adolescence. Early adversity may exacerbate sleep irregularity, but longitudinal evidence remains limited.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To investigate the relationship between early adversity, social jetlag, and weekly sleep loss in youth from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study.</div></div><div><h3>Participants and setting</h3><div>The sample included 11,002 adolescents (mean age at 2-year follow-up = 12.03 years, SD = 0.67) from the ABCD Study (53 % boys and 47 % girls). Racial/ethnic composition was 53 % White, 14 % Black, 20 % Hispanic, and 13 % other/multi-racial.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Social jetlag and weekly sleep loss were assessed using the Munich Chronotype Questionnaire at 2-year and 3-year follow-ups. Concurrently, lifetime adversity was measured using 16 of 17 items from the Pediatric Early Adversity and Related Life Events Screener (PEARLS). Mixed-effects linear and logistic regression models examined associations between lifetime adversities and sleep, adjusting for key covariates.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Adolescents experienced an average of 2.13 ( ± 1.9) hours of weekly sleep loss, and 33.32 % reported four or more PEARLS. Adolescents with four or more PEARLS experienced greater weekly sleep loss (coef. = 0.38, 95 % CI: 0.26, 0.51), translating to 23 min of additional sleep loss per week. Adolescents with four or more PEARLS were also more likely to experience more than 1 h of social jetlag (aOR = 2.79, 95 % CI: 2.19, 3.55).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Early adversity is associated with social jetlag and sleep loss in adolescence, suggesting that targeted prevention approaches may improve sleep regularity and quantity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100237,"journal":{"name":"Child Protection and Practice","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100154"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143870672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Child and caregiver perspectives on implementing a transdiagnostic cognitive behavioral therapy for children impacted by trauma in a residential care setting","authors":"David Lindenbach ,&nbsp;Emily Y. Wang ,&nbsp;Jennifer Scammell ,&nbsp;Tania O’Neill ,&nbsp;Sydnee Bennett ,&nbsp;Farhat Mohammadi ,&nbsp;Jill Ehrenreich-May ,&nbsp;Paul D. Arnold ,&nbsp;Gina Dimitropoulos","doi":"10.1016/j.chipro.2025.100152","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chipro.2025.100152","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Children living in residential care often navigate multiple challenges, including mental health issues, trauma exposure, and family discord. However, no research has examined child and family perspectives on participating in a manualized intervention in residential care.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>The present study sought to improve the acceptability of transdiagnostic cognitive behavioral therapy treatment within children’s residential care.</div></div><div><h3>Participants and setting</h3><div>Children and their caregivers were recruited after completing the Unified Protocol for Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders in Children intervention within residential care in Calgary, Alberta, Canada.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Qualitative interviews were conducted with children (age 10–12; n = 6) and caregivers (age 32–55; n = 12). Reflexive thematic analysis was used to organize feedback into codes, and themes were inductively generated.</div></div><div><h3>Findings</h3><div>The first theme, engagement and co-regulation, reflected the needs of children to have an appropriate physical and social environment during therapy, and the needs of caregivers to scaffold behavioral strategies and improve attachment with their child. The second theme, transdiagnostic skills, highlighted the ability of the intervention to enhance communication and provide a general set of skills and coping strategies that could be used in diverse situations. The third theme, needing more support, emphasized caregivers’ desire for more emotional support from other caregivers and more implementation support from facility staff.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This research highlights specific strategies for improving the acceptability of a transdiagnostic cognitive behavioral therapy approach in children’s residential care and suggests ways to improve the delivery of other evidence-based practices for children with complex needs. <em>Keywords</em>: residential care, child mental health, child welfare, cognitive behavioral therapy, unified protocol, implementation science.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100237,"journal":{"name":"Child Protection and Practice","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100152"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143790913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The use of and satisfaction with health and care services for children and adolescents with a history of maltreatment","authors":"Kaia Kjørstad ,&nbsp;Mari Hysing ,&nbsp;Anders Dovran ,&nbsp;Gertrud Sofie Hafstad ,&nbsp;Børge Sivertsen","doi":"10.1016/j.chipro.2025.100153","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chipro.2025.100153","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Childhood maltreatment is associated with long-term adverse health outcomes and impairment across important areas of daily functioning. Many affected individuals will need life-long use of health and care services.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To examine the use of and satisfaction with health and care services in a sample of Norwegian children and adolescents (ages 5–18 years) with a history of maltreatment.</div></div><div><h3>Participants and setting</h3><div>This study relied on caregiver-reported data for 457 children and adolescents (ages 5–18 years) who attended the Stine Sofie Center, which offers play and learning in a safe environment following child maltreatment.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Pearson Chi-squared tests and one-way ANOVAs were used to analyze contact with services, satisfaction with each service, and service coordination within the past year.</div></div><div><h3>Findings</h3><div>Caregivers reported moderate satisfaction with the services, averaging 6.2 out of 10 (SD = 3.2), with notably lower satisfaction for service coordination (4.7, SD = 3.2). Low satisfaction (≤3 out of 10) was associated with a lower mean number of appointments (8.4 vs. 12.4, <em>p</em> = .002) within the past year. Only 53 % of caregivers reported that their child received help according to their needs. Not receiving the needed help was associated with lower satisfaction with service coordination (2.86 vs. 6.35, p &lt; .001).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Children and adolescents who have experienced maltreatment extensively engage with multiple health and care services. The perceived low satisfaction with the coordination of services highlights a need for improvement to ensure that victims of maltreatment receive the necessary support to prevent the development of more extensive difficulties later in life.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100237,"journal":{"name":"Child Protection and Practice","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100153"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143824138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Caregiver's emotional neglect during childhood and adult attachment: Their influence on the clinical symptomatology of children under their care undergoing treatment for sexual abuse","authors":"Marcia Olhaberry ,&nbsp;Nicolle Alamo ,&nbsp;Javier Moran-Kneer ,&nbsp;Claudia Capella ,&nbsp;Lucía Núñez","doi":"10.1016/j.chipro.2025.100149","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chipro.2025.100149","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Caregivers of children who have experienced sexual abuse often exhibit a higher prevalence of insecure attachments and early adverse experiences in childhood, which may influence the psychological symptoms presented in children.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Evaluate the role of attachment pattern of non-offending caregivers in the relationship between their own experiences of emotional neglect during childhood and the clinical symptomatology in children under their care undergoing treatment for sexual abuse. Participants and Setting: This study evaluated the role of attachment in the relationship between experiences of childhood emotional neglect in 78 caregivers and clinical symptomatology in children aged 4 to 9 undergoing treatment for sexual abuse.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A quantitative cross-sectional and correlational study was conducted, with moderation analysis. The relationship between emotional neglect (CTQ) and child symptomatology (SDQ) was analyzed, evaluating the moderating role of caregiver attachment avoidance and anxiety (ECR).</div></div><div><h3>Findings</h3><div>The results showed a 50 % prevalence of dismissive or avoidant attachments and a 12 % prevalence of caregivers with significant experiences of childhood emotional neglect. Positive associations were found between the caregiver's emotional neglect and children's symptoms, as well as between the caregiver's attachment avoidance and children's symptoms. The association between emotional neglect and children's symptoms was observed when caregivers exhibited moderate and low levels of avoidance.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>These results alert us about the importance of including caregiver variables for understanding and treating childhood sexual abuse, as well as for exploring possible mechanisms associated with intergenerational trauma.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100237,"journal":{"name":"Child Protection and Practice","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100149"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143808116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sexual misconduct among high school students in Vietnam","authors":"Kim Tu Tran ,&nbsp;Ruschelle M. Leone ,&nbsp;Kevin M. Swartout ,&nbsp;Minh Hung Tran ,&nbsp;Oanh Trinh ,&nbsp;Kathryn M. Yount","doi":"10.1016/j.chipro.2025.100150","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chipro.2025.100150","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Sexual misconduct is a global problem. Adolescents 15–19 years face the highest risk of sexual misconduct, however, studies on school-based sexual misconduct in low and middle-income countries (LMICs) are limited. We aimed to determine the prevalence of sexual misconduct, including sexual harassment, stalking, dating violence, and sexual violence experiences among students at three high schools in Vietnam since their enrollment.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Between February and May 2023, 754 students in three high schools in Ho Chi Minh City completed the adapted Administrator-Researcher Campus Climate Collaborative online.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Overall, 54.5 % of students reported any sexual misconduct since enrolling in high school. The prevalence of sexual harassment victimization was 40.2 % perpetrated by staff and 30.2 % perpetrated by students. Stalking prevalence was 18.3 %, and 13.1 % of students reported experiencing dating violence. Nearly 1 in 10 (8.7 %) of students reported sexual violence victimization. Sexual coercion prevalence was highest in the middle-ranked school (6.2 %) and lowest in the high-ranked school (1.6 %) (p = 0.028). Compared to girls, boys reported a higher prevalence of unwanted sexual attention (18.7 % vs. 10.9 %) and sexual coercion (10.1 % vs 4.6 %) by staff (p = 0.001). Girls reported a higher prevalence of dating violence victimization than boys (14.9 % vs. 9.9 %, p = 0.029).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Sexual misconduct prevalence among high school students in Ho Chi Minh City is high with notable gender differences in victimization. Awareness raising among parents, school administrators, and youth is needed to develop contextually appropriate preventive and response programs to address sexual misconduct in high schools across Vietnam.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100237,"journal":{"name":"Child Protection and Practice","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100150"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143834888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}