Child Protection and Practice最新文献

{"title":"Why is child protection in many African countries perennially underfunded? - A political economy perspective","authors":"Bob Libert Muchabaiwa","doi":"10.1016/j.chipro.2024.100044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chipro.2024.100044","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>At a time when many children suffer from various kinds of abuse, child protection is chronically under-funded in government budgets. Whether a government decides to increase or cut spending on health, education, child protection and other issues boils down to political choice, which is influenced by social, economic, and political realities within which decisions on resource mobilization and allocation are made.</p></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>Explore how political economy dynamics influence decisions on public spending on child protection in Africa.</p></div><div><h3>Participants</h3><p>and Setting: 192 key informants selected through stratified and purposive sampling including government officials, academics, and civil society organizations from Botswana, Kenya, South Sudan, and Zimbabwe. The country selection reflects the different levels of fragility.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Using a multi-disciplinary conceptual framework, the study entailed document review, participant observation and in-depth interviews guided by an-open ended interview guide. The study applied a qualitative analysis methodology to identify common trends and themes.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The under-prioritization of child protection in budgeting is a consequence of a mosaic of political economy dynamics including prevailing socio-cultural and legal constructions of childhood, fiscal politics throughout the budget cycle, how the state is structured, and power exercised to drive national development.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Instead of viewing under prioritization of child protection in government budgets as a purely technical problem, child-focused organizations should do some soul-searching and be intentional in seeking to understand and to navigate the politics and economics of public budgeting which influence decisions, if they are to trigger positive changes in government spending on child protection.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100237,"journal":{"name":"Child Protection and Practice","volume":"2 ","pages":"Article 100044"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2950193824000445/pdfft?md5=b27e007de7e544daa028bb186881755f&pid=1-s2.0-S2950193824000445-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141541245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Artificial intelligence and CSEM - A research agenda","authors":"Chad M.S. Steel","doi":"10.1016/j.chipro.2024.100043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chipro.2024.100043","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100237,"journal":{"name":"Child Protection and Practice","volume":"2 ","pages":"Article 100043"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2950193824000433/pdfft?md5=120225dd8977f6ee0571d65032392c32&pid=1-s2.0-S2950193824000433-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141250024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the Link among adverse childhood experiences and commercial sexual exploitation","authors":"Hugh Hanlin ,&nbsp;Aaron Kivisto ,&nbsp;Chelsea Gold","doi":"10.1016/j.chipro.2024.100042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chipro.2024.100042","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Youth with involvement in commercial sexual exploitation (CSE) frequently have extensive adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), affecting their mental health outcomes. Expanding ACE research reveals the complex situations of marginalized youth, particularly those in CSE.</p></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><p>To examine ACEs’ frequency and severity in youth with and without CSE involvement, enhancing ACEs understanding.</p></div><div><h3>Participants and Setting</h3><p>Marginalized youth (<em>n</em> = 200) referred for trauma/psychological evaluations by the Department of Child Services or juvenile probation were divided into CSE-involved (<em>n</em> = 153) and non-CSE-involved (<em>n</em> = 47) groups. CSE-involved youth were subcategorized according to CSE duration: less than two months (<em>n</em> = 56) or two months or more (<em>n</em> = 97).</p></div><div><h3>Method</h3><p>Trauma/psychological evaluations were used to code ACEs, evaluating their prevalence, diversity, and impact. Two evaluators coded the ACEs, with a third resolving any discrepancies. Differences in the occurrence and frequency of ACEs were compared based on the presence and duration of CSE involvement.</p></div><div><h3>Findings</h3><p>Participants encountered a broad spectrum of ACEs. Those involved in CSE had higher ACE frequencies, notably in family violence (IRR = 1.28, <em>p</em> = 0.02), sexual abuse (IRR = 1.251, <em>p</em> = 0.04), community violence (IRR = 1.469, <em>p</em> = 0.007), and personal ACEs (IRR = 1.224, <em>p</em> = 0.04). Findings revealed a heavier trauma load in CSE-involved youth, intensifying with longer involvement.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>These findings highlight the extent and diversity of ACEs among youth involved in CSE. Future research is needed to explore possible pathways through which ACEs might contribute to CSE involvement and the ways in which detailed assessment of youths’ histories can inform therapeutic programming.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100237,"journal":{"name":"Child Protection and Practice","volume":"2 ","pages":"Article 100042"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2950193824000421/pdfft?md5=d12ed901a9282e3f80082ba53db70e36&pid=1-s2.0-S2950193824000421-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141097306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mattering matters in youth suicidality: Implications for implementing in practice","authors":"Gordon L. Flett","doi":"10.1016/j.chipro.2024.100041","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chipro.2024.100041","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The goal of this paper is to discuss and provide commentary on the construct of mattering in terms of its role in protecting children and adolescents from suicide and its underutilization in violence prevention contexts that target child rights, child health, and child protection. Reviewing and reflecting on decades of psychological research, the current article examines how feelings of mattering among youth are highly protective in terms of suicide risk while feelings of not mattering heighten vulnerability and risk. Mattering is discussed as a source of strength accompanied by hope but it is also a core source of vulnerability when a young person feels unseen, unheard, and unvalued. While mattering is important for all young people, it is especially vital for youth who experience marginalization, including youth in racialized circumstances, youth in foster care, and young people who are members of the LGBTQ ​+ ​community. Research is reviewed that shows consistently that feelings of not mattering are associated with suicide ideation, plans, and attempts. Mattering also has a key role in treatment and the process of recovering from a previous suicide attempt and other adversities. The overarching theme is that mattering is essential in protection and prevention and feelings of mattering can be instilled in young people by caring people in caring settings and communities.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100237,"journal":{"name":"Child Protection and Practice","volume":"2 ","pages":"Article 100041"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S295019382400041X/pdfft?md5=027d66b59e1afa536cca22e278b82e0e&pid=1-s2.0-S295019382400041X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141028657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparing types of child fatality review in the U.S.","authors":"Vincent J. Palusci","doi":"10.1016/j.chipro.2024.100040","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chipro.2024.100040","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Child fatality review programs consist of multidisciplinary teams of professionals, agencies and community members with an interest in caring for and protecting children. While the purpose of all child fatality reviews is to conduct a comprehensive, multidisciplinary review of child fatalities to better understand how and why children die, there are distinct types of reviews in the United States that each use findings to take action to prevent other fatalities and improve the health and safety of children in different ways. Each brings a unique perspective, incorporating different stakeholders and methodologies and playing different roles in identifying patterns, gaps in services, and potential areas for improvement within the broader context of child health and safety. Three major types of review now consistently used across the U.S. include Child Death Review, Fetal Infant Mortality Review, and Citizen Review Panels. These differ in their history of development, statutory authority, financial support, nature of cases reviewed, processes, and reporting to stakeholders. This article is an introduction to the major different types of community-based death review to help practitioners understand and participate more productively in these processes to prevent further fatalities.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100237,"journal":{"name":"Child Protection and Practice","volume":"2 ","pages":"Article 100040"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2950193824000408/pdfft?md5=b12648d7052d2dcbdb82d70731f5a137&pid=1-s2.0-S2950193824000408-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141049884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Webinars and workshops as professional development tools to upskill frontline workers in identifying and responding to harmful sexual behaviours","authors":"L.S. Christensen ,&nbsp;S. Rayment-McHugh ,&nbsp;N. McKillop ,&nbsp;I. Hull ,&nbsp;S. Price ,&nbsp;Daniel Morcombe Foundation","doi":"10.1016/j.chipro.2024.100036","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chipro.2024.100036","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Growing concerns about harmful sexual behaviour (HSB) experienced and exhibited by children and young people has resulted in a demand for training programs for frontline workers. However, HSB professional development initiatives must contend with various challenges and competing demands.</p></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><p>This study evaluated workshops and webinars as professional development tools to upskill frontline workers on preventing, identifying, and responding to HSB. Particularly, whether these platforms met the needs of the workforce; increased professionals’ perceived knowledge, confidence, competence, and actual knowledge, in what ways; and whether the training was subsequently applied in practice to identify and respond to HSB.</p></div><div><h3>Participants</h3><p>and Setting: Surveys were issued pre- and post-workshop/webinar training to measure changes in frontline workers’ perceived knowledge, confidence, competence, and actual knowledge, to identify and respond to HSB (n = 638 pre- and n = 418 post-workshop respondents; n = 473 pre- and n = 419 post-webinar; n = 3 workshop and n = 27 webinar 12-month follow-up).</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Quantitative (paired sample <em>t</em>-tests, one-way ANOVA, and independent sample <em>t</em>-tests) and qualitative thematic analyses from pre- and post-workshop/webinar survey responses were conducted.</p></div><div><h3>Findings</h3><p>Findings tentatively indicate workshops and webinars met the needs of participants and, overall, were effective in increasing perceived knowledge, confidence, competence, and actual knowledge. Despite a smaller 12-month follow-up sample, knowledge and skills learned from training were subsequently applied in practice to identify and respond to HSB.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>There is promising value in workshops and webinars as professional development tools for upskilling a diverse, and geographically dispersed, workforce.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100237,"journal":{"name":"Child Protection and Practice","volume":"2 ","pages":"Article 100036"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2950193824000366/pdfft?md5=50763136d36a4ca85f169c48454843a3&pid=1-s2.0-S2950193824000366-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141056004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring caregiver perspectives in the context of parental substance use: A qualitative study","authors":"Simon Barrett ,&nbsp;Deborah Smart ,&nbsp;Angela Bate ,&nbsp;Lisa Beresford ,&nbsp;Cath McEvoy-Carr ,&nbsp;Helen Thompson ,&nbsp;Eilish Gilvarry ,&nbsp;Vera Araujo-Soares ,&nbsp;Eileen Kaner ,&nbsp;Ruth McGovern","doi":"10.1016/j.chipro.2024.100039","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chipro.2024.100039","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Parental substance use is a substantial public health and safeguarding concern. Research examining the impact of parental substance use upon children is well-established, but there is a lack of research examining how parents/caregivers cope with their parenting role within the context of another parent's substance use, or how best to support these parents/caregivers.</p></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><p>This paper examines the experiences and support needs of parents/caregivers impacted by another parent's substance use.</p></div><div><h3>Participants</h3><p>Nineteen parents/caregivers from substance exposed families via local community-based voluntary sector support organizations, in urban and rural settings in northeast England.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Qualitative, in-depth interviews with caregivers (mothers, fathers, grandparents, aunts, uncles, siblings, aged 25 to 65+ years) of dependent aged children (aged 4 to17 years) in substance exposed families. Thematic analysis explored their experiences and support needs.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Cumulative stress impacted parents/caregivers in their parenting role, creating further challenges in caring for children impacted by another parent's substance use. Parents/caregivers felt their needs went unrecognized by support services, and interactions with statutory services frequently exacerbated their stress. Parents/caregivers worried about what to disclose to children about substance use and how and when to do this.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Parents/caregivers attempted to mitigate the risk of another parent's substance use upon the children in their care. They often perceived lack of appropriate support specifically for parents/caregivers, particularly considering the extra challenges they faced caring for children in the context of parental substance use. Resources to support parents/caregivers in talking with children about these issues may offer guidance and reassurance to caregivers to alleviate some of their stress.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100237,"journal":{"name":"Child Protection and Practice","volume":"2 ","pages":"Article 100039"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2950193824000391/pdfft?md5=e1e0320f0f324e6e3b8090ad7daa9ee2&pid=1-s2.0-S2950193824000391-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141057362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations between childhood violence and mental health in refugee settings in Uganda","authors":"Peter Kisaakye ,&nbsp;Gloria Seruwagi ,&nbsp;George Odwe ,&nbsp;Francis Obare ,&nbsp;Stella Muthuri ,&nbsp;Caroline W. Kabiru ,&nbsp;Yohannes Dibaba Wado ,&nbsp;Chi-Chi Undie","doi":"10.1016/j.chipro.2024.100038","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chipro.2024.100038","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Childhood violence and mental health remain concerning public health issues globally yet there is limited evidence on the associations between experiences of such violence and mental health in refugee settings.</p></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><p>To assess the association between experiences of childhood violence (sexual, physical, and emotional violence) and mental health (severe mental distress, self-harm, suicidal ideation and/or attempted suicide) in refugee settings in Uganda.</p></div><div><h3>Data and methods</h3><p>Data are from the 2022 Uganda Humanitarian Violence against Children and Youth Survey (HVACS) conducted among 1338 females and 927 males aged 13–24 years between March and April 2022. Cross-tabulation with chi-square tests and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used to assess the association between experiencing childhood violence and mental health.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The results show a high prevalence of experiencing childhood violence (females 40.8% vs males 55.2%) and mental distress (45% for both males and females). Females who experienced childhood sexual violence had significantly higher odds of reporting severe mental distress (aOR = 1.989; CI = 1.216–3.255), suicidal ideation and/or attempted suicide (aOR = 4.119; CI = 2.157–7.864) and self-harm (aOR = 3.734; CI = 1.619–8.609) compared to those who did not experience such violence. Experiencing childhood physical or emotional violence was also significantly associated with increased odds of reporting suicidal ideation and/or attempts and self-harm among females. Among males, childhood emotional violence was significantly associated with increased odds of reporting suicidal ideation and/or attempts (aOR = 9.233; CI = 2.293–37.177) or severe mental distress (aOR = 2.823; CI = 1.115–7.148).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Childhood exposure to violence was associated with poor mental health, with a higher risk observed among females. The findings of this paper provide critical insights to facilitate the development or strengthening of violence prevention and response interventions on violence against children in refugee settings.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100237,"journal":{"name":"Child Protection and Practice","volume":"2 ","pages":"Article 100038"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S295019382400038X/pdfft?md5=77a9c07ce8907efcd277fe017869caa4&pid=1-s2.0-S295019382400038X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141027227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"‘Do no harm’? Rethinking risk and harm narratives in abuse-focused research with children","authors":"Helen Beckett ,&nbsp;Camille Warrington","doi":"10.1016/j.chipro.2024.100037","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chipro.2024.100037","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Despite increasing recognition of children's right to have a say about matters that affect them (Article 12, United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child), this right is often denied in the context of child abuse research. This article explores the ways in which ethical decision-making can contribute to the denial of this right and the negative implications of this at both an individual and societal level.</p><p>Ethical decision-making that stymies the conduct of abuse-focused research with children is usually justified with reference to protecting participants from risk of harm. Whilst in no way suggesting that this is not a critical consideration, the authors question the simplistic and deterministic ways in which this can be understood within ethical decision-making, and the unnecessarily risk-averse decisions that can ensue.</p><p>Sharing examples from their cumulative 30 years' experience of engaging children and young people in abuse-focused research, the authors stress the need for a more holistic, nuanced and dynamic approach to assessing and managing risk of harm. This would consider risks of both inclusion and exclusion. Understanding that risk and harm are neither static nor universally experienced concepts, it would recognise the implausibility of the ‘do no harm’ guarantees often expected of social researchers. Instead, informed by rights-respecting and trauma-informed perspectives, it would focus on holistically promoting participant wellbeing in, and through, research. Key to this is permitting, and supporting, researchers to exercise contextually-informed, collaborative decision-making in the field; something the authors share their emerging practice framework for.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100237,"journal":{"name":"Child Protection and Practice","volume":"2 ","pages":"Article 100037"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2950193824000378/pdfft?md5=ad2bed5e3af4edccb1286da1fd6d323f&pid=1-s2.0-S2950193824000378-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141028128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improving humanitarian health responses for children through nurturing care","authors":"Ayesha Kadir ,&nbsp;Linda Doull ,&nbsp;James McQuen Patterson ,&nbsp;Mushtaq Khan ,&nbsp;Rachael Cummings ,&nbsp;Douglas James Noble ,&nbsp;Anshu Banerjee","doi":"10.1016/j.chipro.2024.100035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chipro.2024.100035","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Children are disproportionately impacted by humanitarian disasters, which cause toxic stress. When a crisis overwhelms the capacity of health and social systems to meet the needs of a population, external crisis response teams working in a range of sectors may offer support to save lives and meet the affected populations' basic needs. Gaps have been identified in health sector interventions for children in humanitarian contexts, including lack of routine interventions to protect and promote early child development (ECD). To address this gap and improve the quality of humanitarian responses for girls and boys, the Global Health Cluster, Child Health Task Force, and the Inter-Agency Network for Education in Emergencies held a webinar series on Strengthening Nurturing Care in Humanitarian Response. It concluded that incorporating interventions to support nurturing care for ECD into health responses in acute phase emergencies is lifesaving. In crisis contexts, even simple interventions can be the difference between life and death, and when systematically applied, they can dramatically improve a child's life opportunities as well as national recovery and economic growth.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100237,"journal":{"name":"Child Protection and Practice","volume":"2 ","pages":"Article 100035"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2950193824000354/pdfft?md5=59e1e8c3f31bbf160c029918d4410098&pid=1-s2.0-S2950193824000354-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140947672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}