Chem & Bio Engineering最新文献

{"title":"Post-assembly Plasmid Amplification for Increased Transformation Yields in E. coli and S. cerevisiae","authors":"Thomas Fryer,&nbsp;Darian S. Wolff,&nbsp;Max D. Overath,&nbsp;Elena Schäfer,&nbsp;Andreas H. Laustsen*,&nbsp;Timothy P. Jenkins* and Carsten Andersen*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/cbe.4c0011510.1021/cbe.4c00115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/cbe.4c00115https://doi.org/10.1021/cbe.4c00115","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Many biological disciplines rely upon the transformation of host cells with heterologous DNA to edit, engineer, or examine biological phenotypes. Transformation of model cell strains (<i>Escherichia coli</i>) under model conditions (electroporation of circular supercoiled plasmid DNA; typically pUC19) can achieve &gt;10¹⁰ transformants/μg DNA. Yet outside of these conditions, e.g., work with relaxed plasmid DNA from <i>in vitro</i> assembly reactions (cloned DNA) or nonmodel organisms, the efficiency of transformation can drop by multiple orders of magnitude. Overcoming these inefficiencies requires cost- and time-intensive processes, such as generating large quantities of appropriately formatted input DNA or transforming many aliquots of cells in parallel. We sought to simplify the generation of large quantities of appropriately formatted input cloned DNA by using rolling circle amplification (RCA) and treatment with specific endonucleases to generate an efficiently transformable linear DNA product for <i>in vivo</i> circularization in host cells. We achieved an over 6500-fold increase in the yield of input DNA, and demonstrate that the use of a nicking endonuclease to generate homologous single-stranded ends increases the efficiency of <i>E. coli</i> chemical transformation compared to both linear DNA with double-stranded homologous ends and circular Golden-Gate assembly products. Meanwhile, the use of a restriction endonuclease to generate linear DNA with double-stranded homologous ends increases the efficiency of chemical and electrotransformation of <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i>. Importantly, we also optimized the process such that both RCA and endonuclease treatment occur efficiently in the same buffer, streamlining the workflow and reducing product loss through purification steps. We expect that our approach could have utility beyond <i>E. coli</i> and <i>S. cerevisiae</i> and be applicable to areas such as directed evolution, genome engineering, and the manipulation of alternative organisms with even poorer transformation efficiencies.</p>","PeriodicalId":100230,"journal":{"name":"Chem & Bio Engineering","volume":"2 2","pages":"87–96 87–96"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/epdf/10.1021/cbe.4c00115","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143496245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Post-assembly Plasmid Amplification for Increased Transformation Yields in <i>E. coli</i> and <i>S. cerevisiae</i>.","authors":"Thomas Fryer, Darian S Wolff, Max D Overath, Elena Schäfer, Andreas H Laustsen, Timothy P Jenkins, Carsten Andersen","doi":"10.1021/cbe.4c00115","DOIUrl":"10.1021/cbe.4c00115","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Many biological disciplines rely upon the transformation of host cells with heterologous DNA to edit, engineer, or examine biological phenotypes. Transformation of model cell strains (<i>Escherichia coli</i>) under model conditions (electroporation of circular supercoiled plasmid DNA; typically pUC19) can achieve >10¹⁰ transformants/μg DNA. Yet outside of these conditions, e.g., work with relaxed plasmid DNA from <i>in vitro</i> assembly reactions (cloned DNA) or nonmodel organisms, the efficiency of transformation can drop by multiple orders of magnitude. Overcoming these inefficiencies requires cost- and time-intensive processes, such as generating large quantities of appropriately formatted input DNA or transforming many aliquots of cells in parallel. We sought to simplify the generation of large quantities of appropriately formatted input cloned DNA by using rolling circle amplification (RCA) and treatment with specific endonucleases to generate an efficiently transformable linear DNA product for <i>in vivo</i> circularization in host cells. We achieved an over 6500-fold increase in the yield of input DNA, and demonstrate that the use of a nicking endonuclease to generate homologous single-stranded ends increases the efficiency of <i>E. coli</i> chemical transformation compared to both linear DNA with double-stranded homologous ends and circular Golden-Gate assembly products. Meanwhile, the use of a restriction endonuclease to generate linear DNA with double-stranded homologous ends increases the efficiency of chemical and electrotransformation of <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i>. Importantly, we also optimized the process such that both RCA and endonuclease treatment occur efficiently in the same buffer, streamlining the workflow and reducing product loss through purification steps. We expect that our approach could have utility beyond <i>E. coli</i> and <i>S. cerevisiae</i> and be applicable to areas such as directed evolution, genome engineering, and the manipulation of alternative organisms with even poorer transformation efficiencies.</p>","PeriodicalId":100230,"journal":{"name":"Chem & Bio Engineering","volume":"2 2","pages":"87-96"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11873849/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143560540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Two-Step Synthesis of a Dolutegravir Intermediate DTG-6 in a Microfluidized Bed Cascade System: Route Design and Kinetic Study.","authors":"Xiao Xue, Chengmin Xie, Guozhi Qian, Minjing Shang, Min Qiu, Rongkun Jiang, Mohsin Pasha, Zihao Zhong, Zhijun Wang, Shu Liu, Hua Zhang, Yuanhai Su","doi":"10.1021/cbe.4c00139","DOIUrl":"10.1021/cbe.4c00139","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the existing two-step method for the preparation of DTG-6 (i.e., an important intermediate of the anti-HIV drug Dolutegravir (DTG)), a strong base is required to neutralize the homogeneous strong acid catalyst of the first step to make the reaction solution weakly acidic for the DTG-5 cyclization in the second step. The DTG-6 yield in the two-step synthesis is affected by the reaction of the strong base with the carboxyl group on the generated intermediate DTG-5. In this article, a solid acid catalyst, titanium cation-exchanged montmorillonite (Ti⁴⁺-mont), was used in the microfluidized bed to catalyze the conversion of DTG-4 to DTG-5. DTG-5 can be directly cyclized with (<i>R</i>)-3-aminobutanol (RABO) to form DTG-6 without the introduction of a strong base into the reaction solution. After the parametric screening on the flow rate, solid acid type, temperature, residence time, and solvent type, the DTG-6 yield increased from 90% (in our previous work) to 95% in the microfluidized bed cascade system. Due to the easy separation of heterogeneous catalyst, the utilization of a microfluidized bed not only simplified operations, but also improved synthetic efficiency. Moreover, the kinetics of the cyclization of unstable intermediate DTG-5 with RABO was investigated and verified by means of experimental data.</p>","PeriodicalId":100230,"journal":{"name":"Chem & Bio Engineering","volume":"2 3","pages":"182-191"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11955854/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143766297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Two-Step Synthesis of a Dolutegravir Intermediate DTG-6 in a Microfluidized Bed Cascade System: Route Design and Kinetic Study","authors":"Xiao Xue,&nbsp;Chengmin Xie,&nbsp;Guozhi Qian,&nbsp;Minjing Shang*,&nbsp;Min Qiu,&nbsp;Rongkun Jiang,&nbsp;Mohsin Pasha,&nbsp;Zihao Zhong,&nbsp;Zhijun Wang,&nbsp;Shu Liu,&nbsp;Hua Zhang and Yuanhai Su*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/cbe.4c0013910.1021/cbe.4c00139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/cbe.4c00139https://doi.org/10.1021/cbe.4c00139","url":null,"abstract":"<p >In the existing two-step method for the preparation of DTG-6 (i.e., an important intermediate of the anti-HIV drug Dolutegravir (DTG)), a strong base is required to neutralize the homogeneous strong acid catalyst of the first step to make the reaction solution weakly acidic for the DTG-5 cyclization in the second step. The DTG-6 yield in the two-step synthesis is affected by the reaction of the strong base with the carboxyl group on the generated intermediate DTG-5. In this article, a solid acid catalyst, titanium cation-exchanged montmorillonite (Ti⁴⁺-mont), was used in the microfluidized bed to catalyze the conversion of DTG-4 to DTG-5. DTG-5 can be directly cyclized with (<i>R</i>)-3-aminobutanol (RABO) to form DTG-6 without the introduction of a strong base into the reaction solution. After the parametric screening on the flow rate, solid acid type, temperature, residence time, and solvent type, the DTG-6 yield increased from 90% (in our previous work) to 95% in the microfluidized bed cascade system. Due to the easy separation of heterogeneous catalyst, the utilization of a microfluidized bed not only simplified operations, but also improved synthetic efficiency. Moreover, the kinetics of the cyclization of unstable intermediate DTG-5 with RABO was investigated and verified by means of experimental data.</p>","PeriodicalId":100230,"journal":{"name":"Chem & Bio Engineering","volume":"2 3","pages":"182–191 182–191"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/epdf/10.1021/cbe.4c00139","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143703805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Short Review on Polyethylene-based Ionomers: Synthesis, Structure, and Applications.","authors":"Tinghao Jia, Ruijia Wang, Mengen Zhang, Congjing Ren, Yao Yang, Jingdai Wang, Yongrong Yang","doi":"10.1021/cbe.4c00138","DOIUrl":"10.1021/cbe.4c00138","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Polyethylene-based ionomers (PE ionomers) are polymers featuring polyethylene as the main chain structure with a small fraction of ionic functional groups pendant to the polyethylene backbone. Due to this combination of nonpolar covalent skeletons and polar ionic groups, PE ionomers can exhibit various properties, depending on their specific composition and structure, such as clarity, adhesivity, abrasiveness, enhanced mechanical strength, shape memory, and healable capabilities. These extraordinary properties have led to the broad applications of PE ionomers in the past decades for cosmetics packaging, coatings, blends, ion-exchange membranes, high voltage insulation materials, and adhesives and even hold great potential in the emerging fields of shape memory and healable smart materials. This review provides an in-depth overview of the latest progress in the field of PE ionomers, with a particular focus on diverse synthetic methods and structural models, as well as important related applications. The structure-property relationship is also discussed interstitially, providing ideas for the subsequent development of PE ionomers with novel structures and fresh applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":100230,"journal":{"name":"Chem & Bio Engineering","volume":"2 3","pages":"156-170"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11955852/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143766261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Short Review on Polyethylene-based Ionomers: Synthesis, Structure, and Applications","authors":"Tinghao Jia,&nbsp;Ruijia Wang,&nbsp;Mengen Zhang,&nbsp;Congjing Ren,&nbsp;Yao Yang*,&nbsp;Jingdai Wang and Yongrong Yang,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/cbe.4c0013810.1021/cbe.4c00138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/cbe.4c00138https://doi.org/10.1021/cbe.4c00138","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Polyethylene-based ionomers (PE ionomers) are polymers featuring polyethylene as the main chain structure with a small fraction of ionic functional groups pendant to the polyethylene backbone. Due to this combination of nonpolar covalent skeletons and polar ionic groups, PE ionomers can exhibit various properties, depending on their specific composition and structure, such as clarity, adhesivity, abrasiveness, enhanced mechanical strength, shape memory, and healable capabilities. These extraordinary properties have led to the broad applications of PE ionomers in the past decades for cosmetics packaging, coatings, blends, ion-exchange membranes, high voltage insulation materials, and adhesives and even hold great potential in the emerging fields of shape memory and healable smart materials. This review provides an in-depth overview of the latest progress in the field of PE ionomers, with a particular focus on diverse synthetic methods and structural models, as well as important related applications. The structure–property relationship is also discussed interstitially, providing ideas for the subsequent development of PE ionomers with novel structures and fresh applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":100230,"journal":{"name":"Chem & Bio Engineering","volume":"2 3","pages":"156–170 156–170"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/epdf/10.1021/cbe.4c00138","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143703807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimizing Nitrate Electroreduction toward Nearly 100% Ammonia Selectivity through Synergistic RuCu Catalysts and Integrated Coupled Anodic Reaction for High-Value Products","authors":"Shuyi Shen,&nbsp;Shuyue Wang,&nbsp;Bo Zhang,&nbsp;Xuesong Zhao,&nbsp;Chen Sun,&nbsp;Shaodong Zhou*,&nbsp;Zhongjian Li,&nbsp;Yang Hou,&nbsp;Lecheng Lei and Bin Yang*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/cbe.4c0012410.1021/cbe.4c00124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/cbe.4c00124https://doi.org/10.1021/cbe.4c00124","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Copper-based catalysts have been widely used in the field of the nitrate reduction reaction (NO₃RR) to ammonia, demonstrating high nitrate reduction rates. However, their low selectivity for ammonia production poses significant limitations in practical applications. In this study, we present that the incorporation of Ru into the Cu@Ni foam can achieve nearly 100% selectivity for NH₃ and a high faradaic efficiency of 96.8% in the NO₃RR. Ru not only facilitates the generation of adsorbed hydrogen but also suppresses the HER reaction. This can be attributed to the unique electron distribution exhibited by Ru atoms when surrounded by Cu, leading to a decreased electron-accepting capability. Consequently, this reduction results in a diminished Lewis acidity and a decreased H* adsorption. Importantly, it was confirmed that the incorporation of Cu with Ru serves as “anchor” for atomic H* generated from Ru, inhibiting HER and ensuring the availability of H* for subsequent ammonia production. The synergistic effect between Ru and Cu enhanced the efficiency and selectivity of reduction of nitrate to NH₃. Remarkably, substituting oxygen evolution reaction (OER) with a coupled anodic reaction for the oxidation of benzyl alcohol to benzaldehyde can significantly accelerate the nitrate reduction rate by 1.7 times and achieves a 90% benzaldehyde conversion rate. This research not only introduces innovative strategies for designing high-performance ammonia-selective electrocatalysts but also highlights the potential industrial applications for the synthesis of high-value products.</p>","PeriodicalId":100230,"journal":{"name":"Chem & Bio Engineering","volume":"2 1","pages":"41–52 41–52"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/epdf/10.1021/cbe.4c00124","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143091671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimizing Nitrate Electroreduction toward Nearly 100% Ammonia Selectivity through Synergistic RuCu Catalysts and Integrated Coupled Anodic Reaction for High-Value Products.","authors":"Shuyi Shen, Shuyue Wang, Bo Zhang, Xuesong Zhao, Chen Sun, Shaodong Zhou, Zhongjian Li, Yang Hou, Lecheng Lei, Bin Yang","doi":"10.1021/cbe.4c00124","DOIUrl":"10.1021/cbe.4c00124","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Copper-based catalysts have been widely used in the field of the nitrate reduction reaction (NO₃RR) to ammonia, demonstrating high nitrate reduction rates. However, their low selectivity for ammonia production poses significant limitations in practical applications. In this study, we present that the incorporation of Ru into the Cu@Ni foam can achieve nearly 100% selectivity for NH₃ and a high faradaic efficiency of 96.8% in the NO₃RR. Ru not only facilitates the generation of adsorbed hydrogen but also suppresses the HER reaction. This can be attributed to the unique electron distribution exhibited by Ru atoms when surrounded by Cu, leading to a decreased electron-accepting capability. Consequently, this reduction results in a diminished Lewis acidity and a decreased H* adsorption. Importantly, it was confirmed that the incorporation of Cu with Ru serves as \"anchor\" for atomic H* generated from Ru, inhibiting HER and ensuring the availability of H* for subsequent ammonia production. The synergistic effect between Ru and Cu enhanced the efficiency and selectivity of reduction of nitrate to NH₃. Remarkably, substituting oxygen evolution reaction (OER) with a coupled anodic reaction for the oxidation of benzyl alcohol to benzaldehyde can significantly accelerate the nitrate reduction rate by 1.7 times and achieves a 90% benzaldehyde conversion rate. This research not only introduces innovative strategies for designing high-performance ammonia-selective electrocatalysts but also highlights the potential industrial applications for the synthesis of high-value products.</p>","PeriodicalId":100230,"journal":{"name":"Chem & Bio Engineering","volume":"2 1","pages":"41-52"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11835265/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143461483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deliverable Capacity of Methane: Required Material Property Levels for the Ideal \"Holy Grail\" Adsorbent.","authors":"Mayank Vashishtha, Srinivas Gadipelli, K Vasanth Kumar","doi":"10.1021/cbe.4c00127","DOIUrl":"10.1021/cbe.4c00127","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Langmuir isotherm is used to determine the properties of a theoretical \"holy grail\" adsorbent that can meet the US Department of Energy's methane storage target of 0.5 g/g and 266 v/v. For a storage tank operating between 5 and 65 bar, the adsorbent requires a maximum adsorption capacity of 0.8388 g/g, a binding affinity of 0.05547 bar^-1, and a material density of 377 g/L. For a tank operating between 5 and 80 bar, the binding affinity should be 0.05 bar^-1, with the same capacity and density. The Langmuir isotherm is also applied to calculate the necessary adsorbent properties, including the number of adsorption sites and binding energies, to achieve the volumetric storage target of 266 v/v based on the material's density.</p>","PeriodicalId":100230,"journal":{"name":"Chem & Bio Engineering","volume":"2 1","pages":"64-67"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11835253/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143461467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deliverable Capacity of Methane: Required Material Property Levels for the Ideal “Holy Grail” Adsorbent","authors":"Mayank Vashishtha,&nbsp;Srinivas Gadipelli and K Vasanth Kumar*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/cbe.4c0012710.1021/cbe.4c00127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/cbe.4c00127https://doi.org/10.1021/cbe.4c00127","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The Langmuir isotherm is used to determine the properties of a theoretical “holy grail” adsorbent that can meet the US Department of Energy’s methane storage target of 0.5 g/g and 266 v/v. For a storage tank operating between 5 and 65 bar, the adsorbent requires a maximum adsorption capacity of 0.8388 g/g, a binding affinity of 0.05547 bar^–1, and a material density of 377 g/L. For a tank operating between 5 and 80 bar, the binding affinity should be 0.05 bar^–1, with the same capacity and density. The Langmuir isotherm is also applied to calculate the necessary adsorbent properties, including the number of adsorption sites and binding energies, to achieve the volumetric storage target of 266 v/v based on the material’s density.</p>","PeriodicalId":100230,"journal":{"name":"Chem & Bio Engineering","volume":"2 1","pages":"64–67 64–67"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/epdf/10.1021/cbe.4c00127","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143091817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}