Carbon Neutralization最新文献_第3页

Biomethane Energy Production Using Orange Hydrogen Coupled With CO2 Sequestration and Utilization 利用橙氢生产生物甲烷以及二氧化碳的封存和利用

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Carbon Neutralization Pub Date : 2026-07-10 DOI: 10.1002/cnl2.70193

Muhammad Javed, Muhammad Irfan, Chaudhry Haider Ali, Le-Gang Chen, Bo-Wen Wang, Ghulam Dastgir, Muhammad Junaid Sarwar, Biao Wang, Lei Zhou, Shi-Zhong Yang, Ji-Dong Gu, Yi-Fan Liu, Bo-Zhong Mu

{"title":"Biomethane Energy Production Using Orange Hydrogen Coupled With CO2 Sequestration and Utilization","authors":"Muhammad Javed, Muhammad Irfan, Chaudhry Haider Ali, Le-Gang Chen, Bo-Wen Wang, Ghulam Dastgir, Muhammad Junaid Sarwar, Biao Wang, Lei Zhou, Shi-Zhong Yang, Ji-Dong Gu, Yi-Fan Liu, Bo-Zhong Mu","doi":"10.1002/cnl2.70193","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cnl2.70193","url":null,"abstract":"The escalating concerns of global warming have intensified the global demand for clean energy solutions, coupled with effective carbon management strategies. Biomethanation offers a promising approach by producing energy-dense biomethane (bCH4) while simultaneously reducing carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. However, the potential to leverage in-situ generated “orange hydrogen (H2)” from geochemical reactions as a more efficient and integrated electron donor for this process remains largely unexplored. This study explored the efficacy of CO2 biomethanation using orange H2 generated from water-olivine-CO2 interactions and externally supplied green H2. Results showed that the orange H2-assisted biomethanation strategy achieved H2 to bCH4 conversion efficiency of up to ~84.47%, which is approximately 12% higher than that of green H2 to bCH4 under identical experimental conditions. Molecular analysis (16S rRNA and mcrA gene sequencing) identified Methanothermobacter as the key archaeon driving the hydrogenotrophic conversion of CO2 to bCH4. In addition to biotic CO2 utilization via biomethanation, experimental characterization combined with atomistic simulations revealed that carbonate mineral formation (e.g., siderite and magnesite) serves as an abiotic sink for CO2 sequestration. This integrated approach highlights the dual CO2 reduction potential of biomethanation using orange H2 for both sustainable energy production and long-term carbon management, advancing the vision of a clean and green future.","PeriodicalId":100214,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Neutralization","volume":"5 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cnl2.70193","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148467075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Towards Carbon Neutrality: Advances and Challenges in Architecting Carbon Nanofibers-Based Photocatalysts 迈向碳中和：碳纳米纤维基光催化剂的进展与挑战

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Carbon Neutralization Pub Date : 2026-07-10 DOI: 10.1002/cnl2.70192

Weitao Li, Zeyun Dong, Yinghao Xiong, Haoran Zhang, Weili Shao, Zhenhua Yan, Qiong Cai, Guosheng Shao, Chao Xue

{"title":"Towards Carbon Neutrality: Advances and Challenges in Architecting Carbon Nanofibers-Based Photocatalysts","authors":"Weitao Li, Zeyun Dong, Yinghao Xiong, Haoran Zhang, Weili Shao, Zhenhua Yan, Qiong Cai, Guosheng Shao, Chao Xue","doi":"10.1002/cnl2.70192","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cnl2.70192","url":null,"abstract":"Photocatalytic conversion of CO2 into valuable hydrocarbon products offers a potential pathway to mitigate excessive CO2 emissions and support carbon neutrality goals. Carbon nanofibers (CNFs)-based composites have emerged as promising platforms owing to their interconnected network, high specific surface area, electronic conductivity, and photothermal properties. This review focuses on controllable preparation strategies, including sol‑gel, chemical vapor deposition, vapor-phase flow catalysis, and electrospinning, and discusses how different synthesis processes and precursor choices influence the pore structure, graphitization degree, defects, and surface functional groups of CNFs. From kinetic and thermodynamic perspectives, rational design strategies such as heteroatom doping, heterostructure construction, single‑atom loading, and interface engineering are explored to optimize band structures and lower activation barriers. Recent breakthroughs in solar‑driven hydrogen production, CO2 reduction, nitrogen fixation, organic pollutant degradation, heavy metal removal, antibacterial, and photothermal treatment are highlighted. Photo-generated charge separation pathways and surface reaction enhancement mechanisms under light-thermal-electric multifield synergy are systematically analyzed. Finally, the main challenges are summarized, including the need for in‑depth structure-activity relationship analysis and scalable preparation. Promising future directions involving machine learning‑assisted screening, multi‑scale structural design, and in‑situ characterization may contribute to advancing CNFs-based photocatalysts toward efficient, stable, and scalable solar conversion systems.","PeriodicalId":100214,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Neutralization","volume":"5 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cnl2.70192","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148466868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Bismuth Single-Atom Decorated Crystalline/Amorphous Ru/RuO2 Heterojunctions With Abundant Oxygen Vacancies for pH-Universal Hydrogen Evolution Reaction 具有丰富氧空位的铋单原子修饰结晶/非晶态Ru/RuO2异质结在ph -通用析氢反应中的应用

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Carbon Neutralization Pub Date : 2026-07-10 DOI: 10.1002/cnl2.70187

Meng Jin, Xuanlin Kuang, Longyu Qiu, Fangxu Lin, Yuqing Liu, Xiaoping Hu, Jun Zhang, Yin Liu, Juan Liu, Chuan Tan, Menggang Li, Zhigang Zou, Shi-Yu Lu

{"title":"Bismuth Single-Atom Decorated Crystalline/Amorphous Ru/RuO2 Heterojunctions With Abundant Oxygen Vacancies for pH-Universal Hydrogen Evolution Reaction","authors":"Meng Jin, Xuanlin Kuang, Longyu Qiu, Fangxu Lin, Yuqing Liu, Xiaoping Hu, Jun Zhang, Yin Liu, Juan Liu, Chuan Tan, Menggang Li, Zhigang Zou, Shi-Yu Lu","doi":"10.1002/cnl2.70187","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cnl2.70187","url":null,"abstract":"Inhibiting the excessive oxidation of Ru, regulating the composition, and optimizing the electronic structure are the keys to achieving efficient hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) of Ru/RuO2 heterojunctions over the full pH range, yet significant challenges remain. To address the existing challenges, oxophilic Bi single atoms (SA) were introduced into the Ru precursor and partially oxidized to construct Bi SA decorated amorphous/crystalline Ru/RuO2 heterojunctions with abundant oxygen vacancies (BiSA-Ru@RuO2-2%). The key innovation lies in the fact that Bi SA subtly reduces the formation energy of defective RuO2, restrains Ru over-oxidation, and promotes the formation of amorphous/crystalline Ru/RuO2 heterostructures. Moreover, Ru–O–Bi interfacial bonds trigger efficient charge redistribution, activating adjacent Ru active centers. Electron-deficient RuO2 enhances H2O adsorption and reduces the O–H bond cleavage barrier, while electron-rich metallic Ru optimizes hydrogen adsorption Gibbs free energy, boosting intrinsic HER kinetics. Benefiting from these advantages, BiSA-Ru@RuO2-2% exhibits exceptional HER activity in alkaline (15 mV), neutral (30 mV), and acidic (32 mV) media at 10 mA cm−2, better than most reported noble metal electrocatalysts, along with outstanding long-term stability over 500 h without obvious activity loss in alkaline seawater. This study contributes to a viable strategy for the rational design of high-performance HER electrocatalysts through single-atom modification and heterojunction engineering, as well as assists in developing efficient, stable, and versatile electrocatalysts for renewable energy conversion applications.","PeriodicalId":100214,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Neutralization","volume":"5 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cnl2.70187","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148467096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Catalytic Confinement Engineering for CO2 Conversion: From Catalytic Microenvironments to Sustainable Aviation Fuels 二氧化碳转化的催化限制工程：从催化微环境到可持续航空燃料

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Carbon Neutralization Pub Date : 2026-07-05 DOI: 10.1002/cnl2.70186

Muhammad Asif, Muhammad Bilal, Luqman Hakeem, Ghulam Asghar, Sumaira Manzoor, Hira, Chengxi Yao, Muhammad Mansha, Shahid Ali, Safyan Akram Khan

{"title":"Catalytic Confinement Engineering for CO2 Conversion: From Catalytic Microenvironments to Sustainable Aviation Fuels","authors":"Muhammad Asif, Muhammad Bilal, Luqman Hakeem, Ghulam Asghar, Sumaira Manzoor,  Hira, Chengxi Yao, Muhammad Mansha, Shahid Ali, Safyan Akram Khan","doi":"10.1002/cnl2.70186","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cnl2.70186","url":null,"abstract":"The efficient conversion of CO2 into sustainable fuels remains one of the most demanding challenges in catalysis and energy research. Beyond the discovery of new materials, recent progress reveals that the decisive factor governing activity and selectivity pertains to the microenvironment of the reaction, how space, charge, and molecular motion are confined and regulated. This work integrates mechanistic understanding from electrochemical CO2 reduction and thermocatalytic hydrogenation to establish a unified perspective on confinement engineering. By manipulating spatial confinement, local electric fields, and electronic structures, catalytic interfaces evolve from passive surfaces into dynamic microreactors capable of stabilizing intermediates and directing multi-electron reactions. Experimental and theoretical studies on Cu-, Fe-, and Na-promoted systems demonstrate that hierarchical confinement enhances C–C coupling, regulates proton–electron transfer (ET), and maintains structural integrity over long-term operation. These effects collectively enable direct CO2 hydrogenation to jet-fuel-range hydrocarbons (C8–C16) with balanced olefin–paraffin distributions under mild conditions. The emerging picture reframes catalyst design as an environmental control problem wherein one can achieve programmable selectivity and stability by engineering active sites rather than solely relying on material composition optimization. This confinement-driven strategy offers a blueprint for constructing adaptive catalytic ecosystems that transform CO2 into high-energy fuels, bridging molecular-scale reactivity with global carbon neutrality.","PeriodicalId":100214,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Neutralization","volume":"5 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cnl2.70186","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148462835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Transparent Long-Term Cooling Green Plant-Like Window for Net-Zero Energy Buildings 一种用于净零能耗建筑的透明长期制冷绿色植物窗

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Carbon Neutralization Pub Date : 2026-07-01 DOI: 10.1002/cnl2.70190

Qianwang Ye, Hanqing Dai, Zhile Han, Guoqi Zhang, Fei Han, Wanlu Zhang, Ruiqian Guo

引用次数: 0

Application of Machine Learning in Low-Carbon Economy: A Comprehensive Review of Predicting Cycle Life of Lithium/Sodium-Ion Batteries 机器学习在低碳经济中的应用：锂/钠离子电池循环寿命预测综述

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Carbon Neutralization Pub Date : 2026-06-28 DOI: 10.1002/cnl2.70180

Bo Zhang, Xiao-Min Zou, Xin Wen, Jia-Lu Wu, Jing-Jing Pan, Xin Tan, Jamie L. Cross

{"title":"Application of Machine Learning in Low-Carbon Economy: A Comprehensive Review of Predicting Cycle Life of Lithium/Sodium-Ion Batteries","authors":"Bo Zhang, Xiao-Min Zou, Xin Wen, Jia-Lu Wu, Jing-Jing Pan, Xin Tan, Jamie L. Cross","doi":"10.1002/cnl2.70180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cnl2.70180","url":null,"abstract":"The cycle life of rechargeable batteries, such as lithium-ion and sodium-ion systems, is a critical performance metric that determines their suitability for various applications in the context of a low-carbon economy, such as electric vehicles and grid-scale renewable energy storage. Accurate prediction of battery cycle life is vital for optimizing battery design, improving safety, and enabling effective battery management systems. Recent advances demonstrate that machine learning (ML) methods are extremely beneficial for extracting insights from experimental and simulated data to model and predict battery degradation. This review provides a comprehensive and up-to-date synthesis of ML applications for predicting the cycle life of lithium-ion and sodium-ion batteries. We also outline the core principles of widely used algorithms, including supervised, unsupervised, semi-supervised, and deep learning methods, and discuss their relative strengths and limitations in this context, thereby accelerating the transition to a low-carbon economy by reducing experimental waste, optimizing battery utilization, and enabling second-life applications.","PeriodicalId":100214,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Neutralization","volume":"5 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cnl2.70180","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148386846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Front Cover: Carbon Neutralization, Volume 5, Issue 4, July 2026 封面：碳中和，第五卷，第4期，2026年7月

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Carbon Neutralization Pub Date : 2026-06-18 DOI: 10.1002/cnl2.70191

Weipeng Zhang, Bari Wulan, Nana Chen, Xinping Xie, Yuying Zhao, Jing Zhang, Haibin Guan, Dongxing Tan, Di Zhu, Lei Chen, Baofeng Zhao

引用次数: 0

Hybrid Cell Membrane-Coated NIR-Photodegradable Carbon Nitride Nanozymes for Mangiferin Dual-Targeted Delivery and Gas Mild Photothermal Immunotherapy Against Liver Fibrosis via the HIF-1α/HSP27 Axis 通过HIF-1α/HSP27轴对肝纤维化进行芒果苷双靶向递送和气体温和光热免疫治疗的杂化细胞膜包被nir -光降解氮化碳纳米酶

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Carbon Neutralization Pub Date : 2026-06-18 DOI: 10.1002/cnl2.70184

Ming-Xuan Liu, Yue Yang, Xin-Ru Zhao, Su-Yun Zhang, Yu-Ting Cai, Nan Zhang, Jue Wang, Ke-Yang Xu, Zi-Ming Zhao, Qi-Biao Wu

{"title":"Hybrid Cell Membrane-Coated NIR-Photodegradable Carbon Nitride Nanozymes for Mangiferin Dual-Targeted Delivery and Gas Mild Photothermal Immunotherapy Against Liver Fibrosis via the HIF-1α/HSP27 Axis","authors":"Ming-Xuan Liu, Yue Yang, Xin-Ru Zhao, Su-Yun Zhang, Yu-Ting Cai, Nan Zhang, Jue Wang, Ke-Yang Xu, Zi-Ming Zhao, Qi-Biao Wu","doi":"10.1002/cnl2.70184","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cnl2.70184","url":null,"abstract":"Hypoxia, a hallmark pathological feature of liver fibrosis, upregulates HIF-1α expression to drive hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation, resulting in fibrotic lesions. Targeting activated HSCs (aHSCs) and achieving efficient liver fibrosis treatment remain daunting challenges. For the first time, we constructed a biomimetic carbon nitride-based drug–gas codelivery platform HMCCNs@MAN for precise mild photothermal immunotherapy (< 45°C) for liver fibrosis. Specifically, by utilizing the immunocamouflage and fibrosis-targeting properties of macrophage (MΦ) membranes, along with the homologous targeting ability of aHSCs membranes, the hybrid MΦ-aHSC membrane-coated, carbon dot-doped carbon nitride (HMCCNs) achieved a dual-targeted delivery of mangiferin (MAN) to liver fibrosis lesions. At the lesion site, HMCCNs enabled NIR-triggered water splitting to produce oxygen and exhibited catalase-like enzymatic activity, synergistically ameliorating hypoxic conditions. Simultaneously, HMCCNs demonstrated a high photothermal conversion efficiency of 69.52%. Furthermore, the photocorrosive effect endowed HMCCNs@MAN with significant NIR-responsive drug release capability. Released MAN and generated oxygen cooperatively modulated the HIF-1α/HSP27 axis, leading to an increased sensitivity of fibrotic lesions to thermotherapy. Notably, HMCCNs@MAN + NIR activated natural killer cells, thereby enhancing the immune response against aHSCs. This study reveals the great potential of HMCCNs@MAN as a mild photothermal-immunotherapy strategy for liver fibrosis treatment.","PeriodicalId":100214,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Neutralization","volume":"5 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cnl2.70184","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148282581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

PtRu Clusters Enable Efficient Proton Transfer and Rapid Hydrogen Evolution PtRu簇实现高效质子转移和快速氢演化

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Carbon Neutralization Pub Date : 2026-06-17 DOI: 10.1002/cnl2.70183

Jiaxin Wu, Xianjun Cao, Fengying Pan, Jinhu Wu, Fan Zhang, Yihao Shan, Pengpeng Zhang, Hong Gao, Ling Zhang, Jinqiang Zhang, Hao Liu, Yufei Zhao

{"title":"PtRu Clusters Enable Efficient Proton Transfer and Rapid Hydrogen Evolution","authors":"Jiaxin Wu, Xianjun Cao, Fengying Pan, Jinhu Wu, Fan Zhang, Yihao Shan, Pengpeng Zhang, Hong Gao, Ling Zhang, Jinqiang Zhang, Hao Liu, Yufei Zhao","doi":"10.1002/cnl2.70183","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cnl2.70183","url":null,"abstract":"Developing highly efficient and durable electrocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) requires precise regulation of both electronic structure and interfacial reaction kinetics. Herein, we report the synthesis of highly dispersed PtRu clusters anchored on hollow mesoporous carbon spheres (Pt1Ru1/HMCS) via an organic-inorganic co-assembly strategy. Benefiting from strong Pt-Ru electronic coupling and robust metal-support interactions, Pt1Ru1/HMCS exhibit synergistically optimized hydrogen adsorption/desorption behavior and accelerated proton transfer dynamics. In particular, Ru sites play a pivotal role in enriching and ordering interfacial hydronium species, thereby facilitating the rapid generation and directional migration of H* intermediates to the active sites, and establishing a favorable local microenvironment for HER. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations identify Ru as the primary active center with near-thermoneutral hydrogen binding, while Pt modulates the electronic structure to optimize overall reaction energetics. As a result, Pt1Ru1/HMCS deliver an ultralow overpotential of 5.3 mV at 10 mA cm−2, a high turnover frequency of 11.39 H2 s−1 at 50 mV (≈9.8-fold higher than commercial Pt/C), and outstanding durability over 100 h without noticeable degradation. This work establishes a strategy that integrates alloy synergy with interfacial water network engineering, providing new insights into designing next-generation electrocatalysts for efficient energy conversion.","PeriodicalId":100214,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Neutralization","volume":"5 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cnl2.70183","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148282395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Deciphering Catalytic Reaction Mechanisms for Low-Temperature Ammonia Synthesis: Mechanism-Guided Rational Design of Active Sites 解读低温氨合成催化反应机理：机制引导下活性位点的合理设计

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Carbon Neutralization Pub Date : 2026-06-14 DOI: 10.1002/cnl2.70181

Jinshu Tian, Yukun Bai, Chi Wang, Tao Jin, Bing Lu, Yongpeng Ren, Yaru Li, Haoran Shi, Yihan Zhu, Xiaonian Li

{"title":"Deciphering Catalytic Reaction Mechanisms for Low-Temperature Ammonia Synthesis: Mechanism-Guided Rational Design of Active Sites","authors":"Jinshu Tian, Yukun Bai, Chi Wang, Tao Jin, Bing Lu, Yongpeng Ren, Yaru Li, Haoran Shi, Yihan Zhu, Xiaonian Li","doi":"10.1002/cnl2.70181","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cnl2.70181","url":null,"abstract":"Ammonia serves as a dual-purpose nitrogen and hydrogen carrier, essential for global food security and the ongoing renewable energy transition. The century-old industrial Haber-Bosch process, however, is limited by considerable energy consumption and massive carbon emissions, necessitating efficient catalysts for low-temperature ammonia synthesis. Despite recent progress in diverse catalytic systems, including electrides, nitrides, hydrides, and engineered transition-metal sites, differences in active-site architecture give rise to distinct reaction routes, and a unified mechanistic framework remains absent. This review systematically summarizes recently developed catalytic systems based on a mechanism-driven classification covering dissociative, hydrogen-assisted, and associative routes, with emphasis on structure–activity relationships and mechanistic insights revealed through advanced characterization techniques. By critically evaluating state-of-the-art catalysts, this review establishes strategic design principles to guide the rational development of next-generation ammonia synthesis catalysts.","PeriodicalId":100214,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Neutralization","volume":"5 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cnl2.70181","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148282047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0