Rui Tang, Jinyang Dong, Chengzhi Wang, Aining Yin, Yun Lu, Ning Li, Wenjun Shen, Jinhua Zhang, Kang Yan, Guangjin Zhao, Bowen Li, Xi Wang, Yuelei Xu, Feng Wu, Yuefeng Su, Lai Chen
{"title":"A Comprehensive Review of the Research Progress on the Low-Temperature Performance of LiFePO4 Batteries","authors":"Rui Tang, Jinyang Dong, Chengzhi Wang, Aining Yin, Yun Lu, Ning Li, Wenjun Shen, Jinhua Zhang, Kang Yan, Guangjin Zhao, Bowen Li, Xi Wang, Yuelei Xu, Feng Wu, Yuefeng Su, Lai Chen","doi":"10.1002/cnl2.70001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cnl2.70001","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO<sub>4</sub>) serves as a commonly used cathode material in lithium-ion batteries and is an essential power source for consumer electronics and electric vehicles. Nevertheless, significant degradation in its electrochemical performance occurs at low temperatures, leading to energy and power losses, challenges in charging, a reduced lifespan, and heightened safety concerns—critical factors for LiFePO<sub>4</sub> applications. This review outlines recent progress aimed at enhancing the low-temperature performance of LiFePO<sub>4</sub> batteries, concentrating on the mechanisms involved in various modification strategies. The primary factors contributing to the reduced performance of LiFePO<sub>4</sub> at subzero temperatures are first examined. A variety of strategies designed to improve the interfacial and internal electrochemical reaction kinetics of LiFePO<sub>4</sub> cathodes under cold conditions are emphasized, and feasible approaches to improve low-temperature kinetics are also presented. These include optimizing cell design to enhance inherent reactivity and employing heating techniques to raise external reaction temperatures. In conclusion, this review discusses the challenges and limitations associated with LiFePO<sub>4</sub> batteries in low-temperature settings and examines advancements in low-temperature lithium-ion batteries from the cell to the system level. The insights provided are intended to motivate further developments in lithium-ion batteries and other technologies tailored for subzero applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":100214,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Neutralization","volume":"4 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cnl2.70001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143455870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Advanced Characterization Techniques for Probing Redox Reaction Mechanisms in High-Performance Li–S Batteries","authors":"Shilin Chen, Chengwei Ma, Zhongming Li, Jiangqi Zhou","doi":"10.1002/cnl2.70003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cnl2.70003","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The development of high-performance energy storage systems requires several key attributes, including high energy and power density, cost-effectiveness, safety, and environmental sustainability. Among the various potential technologies, lithium–sulfur batteries stand out as a promising contender for future energy storage solutions due to their exceptional theoretical specific energy density (2600 Wh kg⁻¹) and relatively high specific capacity (1675 mAh g⁻¹). However, the commercialization of lithium–sulfur batteries faces significant challenges, such as low sulfur loading, rapid capacity degradation, and poor cycling stability. At the heart of these issues lies a limited understanding of the complex conversion chemistry involved in lithium–sulfur batteries. In recent years, significant progress has been made in elucidating these reaction mechanisms, thanks to the use of both ex situ and in situ characterization techniques. Methods such as optical spectroscopy, time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry, synchrotron X-ray, and neural network analysis have demonstrated great potential in uncovering the redox processes of lithium polysulfides and their underlying mechanisms, significantly advancing research in lithium–sulfur battery systems. This review focuses on the major advancements in lithium–sulfur batteries research, particularly in the study of electrocatalytic mechanisms using emerging characterization techniques. We discuss key aspects of accurately revealing the mechanisms of lithium–sulfur batteries through these advanced diagnostic methods, as well as the main challenges these techniques face. Finally, we explore the future prospects of lithium–sulfur battery commercialization.</p>","PeriodicalId":100214,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Neutralization","volume":"4 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cnl2.70003","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143446785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Trifunctional Nature of Heteroatom (B, N, S, O)-Doped Waste Diesel Soot: Turning Pollutants Into Potential Energy Catalysts for HER, OER, and ORR","authors":"Manish Chauhan, Yashmeen Budania, Akshay Modi, Pradip Kumar, Sarvesh Kumar Pandey, Shiv Singh","doi":"10.1002/cnl2.195","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cnl2.195","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study delves into the innovative use of multiheteroatom-doped vehicle exhaust soot as a catalyst for oxygen reduction reactions (ORR) and hydrogen/oxygen evolution reactions (OER/HER), presenting a transformative approach in energy materials. The synergistic effects of boron, nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur (B, N, O, and S) heteroatom doping on vehicle exhaust carbon nanoparticles (CNPs) were explored thoroughly experimentally and through density functional theory (DFT) modeling, revealing the potential of these materials as tri-purpose catalysts for converting pollutants into electrocatalysts. The B-CNPs had the lowest overpotential (338 mV) at a current density of 10 mA/cm<sup>2</sup>, whereas the reaction kinetics of the B–N–S-CNPs were superior, as they had the lowest Tafel slope (83.09 mV/dec). Furthermore, all the heteroatom-doped CNPs perform better in terms of the OER than pristine CNPs, as they are in the range of 1.05–1.15 V (values are deducted from the theoretical potential of OER 1.23 V vs. RHE) at a current density of 10 mA/cm<sup>2</sup>. In the ORR, B–N–S-CNPs had the highest limiting current density, onset potential, and half-wave overpotential, which were 1.70 mA/cm<sup>2</sup>, 0.86, and 0.64 V, respectively. In addition to these experimental investigations, DFT simulations were used to calculate the binding energy (BE), interaction energy (IE/<i>E</i><sub>ads</sub>), HOMO-LUMO energy band gap, charge transfer (CT), noncovalent interaction (NCI) plot, and QTAIM molecular graphs of the CNPs and heteroatom-doped CNPs and provided evocative outcomes as expected. This multifaceted approach integrates experimental and theoretical analyses, contributing to a comprehensive understanding of the catalytic potential of multiheteroatom-doped soot.</p>","PeriodicalId":100214,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Neutralization","volume":"4 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cnl2.195","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143389102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ruhan Zhao, Ziyu Feng, Rongqian Kuang, Zhijian Li, Ke Lu, Hong Zhang, Songtao Lu
{"title":"UV-Polymerized Zincophilic Ion-Enhanced Interfacial Layer With High Ion Transference Number for Ultrastable Zn Metal Anodes","authors":"Ruhan Zhao, Ziyu Feng, Rongqian Kuang, Zhijian Li, Ke Lu, Hong Zhang, Songtao Lu","doi":"10.1002/cnl2.194","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cnl2.194","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs) are considered one of the most viable options for large-scale energy storage applications due to their high theoretical capacity and abundant reserves. However, issues such as dendritic growth and water-induced corrosion reaction of the zinc anode have hindered their commercialization. To address these challenges, in situ generated multifunctional poly(caffeic acid) (PCA) interface with confined Cu sites and abundant oxygen-containing groups was constructed on the surface of the zinc metal anode via ultraviolet (UV) treatment. The smooth and compact PCA effectively prevents the zinc anode from corrosion by active water in the electrolyte, while the synergies of zincophilic groups and the confined copper sites constitute 3D ion channels of PCA skeleton accelerates the migration of Zn<sup>2+</sup> and enhance deposition kinetics, thus lowering Zn<sup>2+</sup> desolvation energy. The symmetric cells using the PCA-modified Zn anode demonstrated stable cycling for over 2500 h and 2200 h at current densities of 1.0 and 5.0 mA cm<sup>−2</sup>, respectively, much better than controls. Additionally, the assembled PCA@Zn//I<sub>2</sub> full cell enabled continuous cycling over 1000 cycles at a current density of 1.0 A g<sup>−1</sup> and presented reliable operation over 100 cycles in a pouch cell configuration.</p>","PeriodicalId":100214,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Neutralization","volume":"4 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cnl2.194","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143389103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"N-, S-Codoped Porous Carbon With Trace Single-Atom Fe for Enhanced Oxygen Reduction With Robust Poison Resistance and Efficient Rechargeable Zinc–Air Battery","authors":"Yu Sun, Lihui Wang, Haibo Li, Suyuan Zeng, Rui Li, Qingxia Yao, Hongyan Chen, Konggang Qu","doi":"10.1002/cnl2.196","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cnl2.196","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Pt-based electrocatalysts in oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) have severely hindered large-scale application of relevant energy technologies. Carbon composites codoped with heteroatoms and transition metals are considered the most likely alternatives to Pt, but they still have the limitation of poor tolerance to poisons. Thus, exploration of advanced electrocatalysts with superior activity and high poison resistance is of great significance in practical applications. Herein, a low-cost lysozyme was first directly used to fabricate single-atomic Fe anchored on porous N-, S-codoped carbon (Fe-PNSC) using a simple “mix-and-pyrolyze” method, which has a honeycomb-like porous structure with a large surface area of 957.69 m²/g, adequate pores of 0.71 cm³/g, and rich heteroatom doping of 4.66 at.% N, 1.9 at.% S, and 0.18 wt.% single-atomic Fe. Accordingly, Fe-PNSC displays an onset potential of 1.08 V and a half-wave potential of 0.86 V for ORR, strong stability with 96.87% current retention, and robust resistance to methanol and various poisons, all outperforming Pt/C. Additionally, the Fe-PNSC–based zinc–air battery shows a high peak power density of 122.2 mW cm<sup>−2</sup>, good specific capacity and energy density of 787 mAh g<sub>Zn</sub><sup>−1</sup> and 975.9 Wh kg<sub>Zn</sub><sup>−1</sup>, respectively, and remarkable rechargeable stability for 300 h, superior to Pt/C-based ones.</p>","PeriodicalId":100214,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Neutralization","volume":"4 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cnl2.196","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143380735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Recent Progress in Halogen-Doped Single-Atom Catalysts for Electrochemical Reactions","authors":"Shichang Cai, Qing Wang, Naying Zhang, Chaoqun Chen, Hanlu Zhang, Yagang Feng, Lei Duan, Yapeng Cheng, Zihan Meng, Huaiguang Li, Jiabin Wu","doi":"10.1002/cnl2.193","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cnl2.193","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Since the concept of single-atom catalysts (SACs) was first proposed in 2011, related research has grown exponentially, establishing SACs as a highly active research field. Compared to conventional supported nanoparticle catalysts, SACs have attracted significant attention due to their theoretically highest atomic utilization efficiency and tunable active sites. Halogen atoms, with their high electronegativity, possess strong electron-withdrawing ability, enabling them a powerful regulatory effect on the active sites. Although there are numerous comprehensive and high-quality reviews on SACs, specialized research on halogen-doped SACs is relatively scarce. Therefore, this article reviewed recent progress in halogen-doped SACs, categorizing them by the four halogen atoms: fluorine (F), chlorine (Cl), bromine (Br), and iodine (I). We also discussed the application of halogen-doped SACs in several key electrochemical reactions commonly relevant to clean energy storage and conversion, including hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), oxygen evolution reaction (OER), oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), and CO<sub>2</sub> reduction reaction (CO<sub>2</sub>RR), and elaborated on the corresponding reaction mechanisms. Finally, this paper presented prospects to promote the development of SACs with tunable catalytic activity.</p>","PeriodicalId":100214,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Neutralization","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cnl2.193","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143118473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Progress and Future Challenges in Designing High-Performance Ni/CeO2 Catalysts for CO2 Methanation: A Critical Review","authors":"Kun Liu, Muhammad Asif Nawaz, Guangfu Liao","doi":"10.1002/cnl2.190","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cnl2.190","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The Ni/CeO<sub>2</sub> catalyst stands out among various solid metal oxide catalysts for its exceptional catalytic proficiency, positioning it as a prime candidate for the industrialization of methanation processes. This review thoroughly examines the prevalent challenges associated with Ni/CeO<sub>2</sub> in methanation reactions, compiles current strategies to overcome these hurdles, and presents novel perspectives. The review elucidates the structural characteristics of Ni/CeO<sub>2</sub> and its applications in catalytic reactions, discusses various synthesis methods and their respective merits and demerits, explores catalytic reaction systems at both laboratory and industrial scales, and clarifies the underlying reaction mechanisms. Furthermore, it underscores the mainstream approaches to enhance the low-temperature activity of Ni/CeO<sub>2</sub> in methanation and to mitigate activity decrement due to Ni agglomeration. The review concludes by proposing future directions for improving low-temperature methanation activity and preventing catalyst deactivation, encompassing the development of innovative catalyst architectures, integrating in-situ characterization with theoretical calculations, and investigating photothermal methanation catalytic systems. Undoubtedly, scientific researchers will persistently strive to develop Ni/CeO<sub>2</sub> catalysts with high activity across a broad temperature range and robust stability, driving the industrialization of CO<sub>2</sub> methanation technology in the foreseeable future.</p>","PeriodicalId":100214,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Neutralization","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cnl2.190","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143117442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tao Pan, Yujie Li, Ziqing Yao, Shuangke Liu, Yuhao Zhu, Xuanjun Wang, Jian Wang, Chunman Zheng, Weiwei Sun
{"title":"Research Advances on Lithium-Ion Batteries Calendar Life Prognostic Models","authors":"Tao Pan, Yujie Li, Ziqing Yao, Shuangke Liu, Yuhao Zhu, Xuanjun Wang, Jian Wang, Chunman Zheng, Weiwei Sun","doi":"10.1002/cnl2.192","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cnl2.192","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In military reserve power supplies, there is an urgent need for superior secondary batteries to replace conventional primary batteries, and lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) emerge as one of the best choices due to their exceptional performance. The life of LIBs includes cycle life and calendar life, with calendar life spanning from years to decades. Accurate prediction of calendar life is crucial for optimizing the deployment and maintenance of LIBs in military applications. Model-based prognostics are usually established to estimate calendar life using accelerated aging methods under various storage conditions. This review firstly outlines the general prognostic workflow for calendar life of LIBs, analyzes degradation mechanisms, and summarizes influencing factors; then, we introduce calendar life prognostic models, evolving from simplistic empirical models (EMs) to nonempirical mechanistic models (MMs) based on LIB calendar aging knowledge and then to traditional hybrid empirical-mechanistic models (trad-EMMs). Finally, the data-driven models (DDMs) based on machine learning (ML) are discussed due to the limitation of the traditional methods, evolving from pure data-driven to knowledge-integrated models and establishing a comprehensive framework for calendar life assessment. To the best of our knowledge, this paper presents the first comprehensive review in this field, summarizing calendar life prognostic models of LIBs and offering some insights into future model development directions. Model-based prognostics can facilitate researchers in calendar aging analysis and calendar life prolongation, thereby better serving the application of LIBs in national economic life.</p>","PeriodicalId":100214,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Neutralization","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cnl2.192","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143115992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jianfang Yang, Xianyong Zhang, Minchen Hou, Chang Ni, Chao Chen, Siliu Liu, Yan Wang, Xueyi Lu, Xia Lu
{"title":"Research Advances in Interface Engineering of Solid-State Lithium Batteries","authors":"Jianfang Yang, Xianyong Zhang, Minchen Hou, Chang Ni, Chao Chen, Siliu Liu, Yan Wang, Xueyi Lu, Xia Lu","doi":"10.1002/cnl2.188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cnl2.188","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Solid-state lithium batteries have attracted increasing attention due to their high ionic conductivity, potential high safety performance, and high energy density. However, their practical application is limited by a series of interface issues. In recent years, many efforts have been dedicated to solving these problems via interface engineering by providing feasible strategies for the optimization of lithiumion solid-state battery interfaces. This paper reviews the recent developments of interface engineering in addressing interfacial issues. The existing interface problems are first systematically summarized, including poor contact, electrochemical instability, lithium dendrites, space-charge layers, and element diffusion. Then, the corresponding interface characteristics and engineering strategies are thoroughly analyzed from the perspective of the cathode/electrolyte interface, the anode/electrolyte interface, and battery structure design. Finally, future research directions for the interface modification of solid-state lithium batteries are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":100214,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Neutralization","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cnl2.188","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143115752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}