Chemical Engineering Research & Design最新文献

{"title":"Automated and standardizable approach to quantify crystal nucleation and growth kinetics: Extension to inorganic salts","authors":"Parul Sahu ,&nbsp;Joshua Zaharof ,&nbsp;Kennedy Tomlinson ,&nbsp;Gerard Capellades","doi":"10.1016/j.cherd.2025.09.029","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cherd.2025.09.029","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Determination of crystallization kinetics, specifically for secondary nucleation and crystal growth, often requires significant amounts of time and raw materials. Moreover, resulting kinetic constants are highly dependent on the methodology employed, including factors like scale, mixing, mode of operation (e.g. batch desupersaturation vs continuous crystallization), tools used to measure crystal size, and choice of model including assumptions for estimating supersaturation. These make kinetic parameters difficult to compare across literature, thus hindering advances in our understanding of how solute-solvent interactions and crystallographic properties translate to crystallization kinetic behavior. We hereby present an automated approach to collecting crystallization kinetic data, coupled with standardized equipment and models, for the study of nucleation and growth kinetics for inorganic salts. This approach is an expansion to the already demonstrated methods for weak electrolytes, where data collection is automated in a Technobis Crystalline equipment and <em>in situ</em> imaging data for crystal count and size is processed into kinetic parameters through a population balance model. The main addition in this work is the expansion of that model to account for activity coefficients in strong electrolyte systems, and its demonstration for the antisolvent crystallization of potassium chloride and potassium sulfate from ethanol-water mixtures, quantifying the role of ethanol inhibiting crystallization kinetics for both systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10019,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Research & Design","volume":"222 ","pages":"Pages 532-543"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145155413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Repurposing mining residue as a CO2 adsorbent in ethanol steam reforming for hydrogen production","authors":"Maria Rita Costa Tomaz,&nbsp;Gabriel Santos Viana,&nbsp;Carla Eponina Hori","doi":"10.1016/j.cherd.2025.09.027","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cherd.2025.09.027","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>An innovative and sustainable pathway for hydrogen production from sorption-enhanced steam reforming (SESR) of ethanol was evaluated. For the first time, a high-limestone-content mining residue – previously unexploited in SESR – is evaluated as a functional CO₂ adsorbent used in physical mixture with Ni-based catalytic systems. This dual-purpose application supports circular economy principles by transforming an abundant industrial by-product into a valuable material for renewable energy processes. Thermodynamic modelling guided the selection of optimal process parameters (600 °C, steam/ethanol molar ratio of 6, CaO/C ratio of 1), while Ni-based catalysts (10 wt% Ni-Al₂O₃ and 10 wt% Ni-MgAl₂O₄) were physical mixed with mining waste (MW) (1:1 w/w) and were tested over ten SESR reaction–regeneration cycles, with regeneration consisting solely of adsorbent decarbonation at 800 °C under N₂. Both systems achieved ethanol conversions exceeding 99 %, with peak dry-basis H₂ molar fractions of 82.2 % (Ni-Al₂O₃/MW) and 75.8 % (Ni-MgAl₂O₄/MW). CO molar fractions of 20 % (Ni-Al₂O₃/MW) and 15 % (Ni-MgAl₂O₄/MW) indicated incomplete water-gas shift (WGS) progression, which limited H₂ selectivity. Nonetheless, CO₂ capture was highly effective, with outlet molar fractions below 2 % for Ni-Al₂O₃/MW and below 5 % for Ni-MgAl₂O₄/MW. For Ni-Al₂O₃/MW, the pre-breakthrough period lasted approximately 56 min in the first cycle and 35 min in the tenth cycle. For Ni- MgAl₂O₄MW, the pre-breakthrough period was shorter (∼28 min) and also shows a slight reduction over the cycles. These findings represent a promising first assessment of this mining residue in SESR applications, demonstrating its stability and regeneration potential as a low-cost adsorbent for CO₂ removal in renewable hydrogen processes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10019,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Research & Design","volume":"222 ","pages":"Pages 441-451"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145099477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Non-radical degradation of 2,4-dichlorophenol via periodate activation over semi-coke supported bimetallic MOF-derived carbon","authors":"Ziwei Zhao ,&nbsp;Huaqi Zhang ,&nbsp;Tianming Li ,&nbsp;Chaoran Fan ,&nbsp;Zhenhao Wang ,&nbsp;Na Yan ,&nbsp;Yian Zheng","doi":"10.1016/j.cherd.2025.09.024","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cherd.2025.09.024","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Using semi-coke (SC) as a support and Zn-Co metal-organic framework (MOF) as a precursor, an SC-loaded MOF-derived carbon-based catalyst (ZnCo-NC@SC) was prepared by a facile <em>in-situ</em> growth-pyrolysis method, and then used to activate periodate (PI) to degrade 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) in water. The effects of preparation conditions for ZnCo-NC@SC, initial pH, ZnCo-NC@SC and PI dosage, inorganic ions and organic matter, 2,4-DCP concentration and temperature on 2,4-DCP degradation were investigated. Under the optimized conditions, 2,4-DCP was removed by 97.89 % within 60 min and 92.63 % after 4th cycle. Furthermore, the ZnCo-NC@SC/PI system could effectively degrade 2,4-DCP at pH 3–9 and temperature 10–50 ℃, with a removal efficiency of &gt; 95 %. This was a ¹O₂ and electron transfer dominated non-radical pathway, with the toxicity of intermediates closely correlated with the degradation pathway. This study provides a different approach to SC reutilization, reveals the mechanism of ZnCo-NC@SC for activating PI to remove 2,4-DCP, and the developed ZnCo-NC@SC/PI system has tremendous potential for application in real water bodies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10019,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Research & Design","volume":"222 ","pages":"Pages 415-424"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145099482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Liutex-based flow structure characterization in vibrating downhole hydrocyclone for oil-water-sand multiphase systems","authors":"Xiaoguang Zhang ,&nbsp;Heming Wei ,&nbsp;Xudong Huang ,&nbsp;Baorui Xu ,&nbsp;Fan Yu ,&nbsp;Lixin Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.cherd.2025.09.023","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cherd.2025.09.023","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The hydrocyclone, a key component in single-well injection-production (SWIP) systems for downhole oil-water separation (DOWS), faces complex vibrational challenges in wellbore operations. Produced fluids inevitably carry solid sand particles. Yet, existing studies largely ignore the combined effects of vibration and sand - laden conditions, creating a critical research gap. This study employs innovative CFD modelling integrating Mixture model, Discrete Phase Model (DPM), and dynamic mesh techniques to investigate oil-water-sand flow under vibration. Uniquely, we combine the Ω criterion with the advanced Liutex vortex identification method to reveal transformative flow phenomena: vibration shifts vortex structures from conventional Rankine patterns to axially elongated cylindrical forms, accompanied by a transitional zone between the forced and free vortex regions. Vortex cores migrate toward the geometric centre of hydrocyclones, contrasting with off-centre behaviour in static conditions. Crucially, vibration induces a low-pressure zone in the small conical segment that obstructs oil discharge while increasing solid particle residence time by 113 % (0.342 s to 0.728 s)—a previously unreported synergy that impairs separation efficiency.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10019,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Research & Design","volume":"222 ","pages":"Pages 340-351"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145099597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Regeneration, modification and stabilization of spent reverse osmosis membranes for their reuse","authors":"Olha Shlikhter,&nbsp;Valeriia Burlakova,&nbsp;Artem Tyvonenko,&nbsp;Tetiana Mitchenko,&nbsp;Victoria Vorobyova,&nbsp;Iryna Kosogina","doi":"10.1016/j.cherd.2025.09.020","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cherd.2025.09.020","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Unlike 8-in. reverse osmosis elements, which are operated in different water treatment systems under controlled conditions and can often be regenerated through established protocols, small residential and commercial reverse osmosis membranes typically function with limited automation and monitoring, have much shorter lifespans of only 6–12 months, and are replaced rather than regenerated in different water treatment systems. Consequently, they generate a disproportionately high volume of plastic waste yet remain largely unexplored in regeneration studies. This paper investigates the four-stage regeneration process (alkaline and acidic cleaning, oxidative modification and stabilization) of spent residential and commercial reverse osmosis membranes, using a household membrane type as the test model. Following sequential alkaline and acidic regeneration, the membrane salt rejection was increased from 92 % to 95 % along with significant increase in membrane permeability. To ensure microbiological safety and achieve complete removal of residual biofouling from the membrane surface, an oxidative modification step using sodium hypochlorite was introduced. At an oxidant dosage of 30,000 ppm·h, a significant increase in membrane permeability was observed, accompanied by a reduction in salt rejection to 30 %, highlighting the need for subsequent membrane stabilization. Further stabilization was carried out using a 0.5 % sodium metabisulfite solution with a 24-h contact time, resulting in improved salt rejection from 30 % to 50 %. SEM and FTIR analyses confirmed structural integrity of the flatsheet, while the pore radius of the stabilized membrane was estimated to range from 4.03 Å to 4.80 Å, demonstrating that the pore radius remains largely unaffected during regeneration process. Quantum-chemical modeling was performed on selected model organic pollutants to calculate reactivity indices and assess their potential interactions with the regenerated polyamide membrane surface. These results demonstrate that regenerated residential and commercial RO membranes can be effectively repurposed for the growing segment of decentralized wastewater treatment systems, including households, hospitality, and healthcare facilities, where short service lifetimes currently generate significant plastic waste. By extending membrane usability and tailoring rejection performance, this approach offers both environmental benefits and practical opportunities for sustainable water reuse in the rapidly developing decentralized treatment market.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10019,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Research & Design","volume":"222 ","pages":"Pages 391-403"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145099603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Regulating the microstructure of microfiltration carbon membranes via SiC incorporation for emulsified oil removal from water","authors":"Zhixue Lu,&nbsp;Yonghong Wu,&nbsp;Yantai Li,&nbsp;Bing Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.cherd.2025.09.021","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cherd.2025.09.021","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Membrane technology holds great promise for emulsified oil–water separation but is often limited by membrane fouling, inferior separation performance, and poor mechanical strength. In this study, silicon carbide (SiC) was incorporated into carbon membranes to optimize their microstructure and properties. The membranes were characterized using thermogravimetric analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, and water contact angle measurements. The effects of SiC content, feed oil concentration, operating time, and transmembrane pressure on oil–water separation performance were systematically investigated. The results demonstrate that SiC incorporation effectively modulates the microstructure and enhances the hydrophilicity of carbon membranes. The highest porosity of 59.5 % was achieved at 15 wt% SiC loading. The optimized membrane exhibited a water flux of 1100.35 L⋅m⁻²⋅h⁻¹⋅bar⁻¹ and an oil rejection rate of 97.64 %, along with excellent antifouling properties, evidenced by a flux recovery ratio of 86 %.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10019,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Research & Design","volume":"222 ","pages":"Pages 298-312"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145099481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-species ion exchange model with competitive adsorption for iron removal in PEM water electrolysis","authors":"Sven Dörner ,&nbsp;Johannes Paduch ,&nbsp;Cathleen Plath ,&nbsp;Matthias Wessling ,&nbsp;Alexander Mitsos ,&nbsp;Dominik Bongartz","doi":"10.1016/j.cherd.2025.09.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cherd.2025.09.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To mitigate chemical membrane degradation in PEM water electrolyzers, ion exchange systems are typically implemented to remove iron ions from water. Predicting iron ion removal efficiency over time requires a model that captures interactions between the ion exchanger and electrolyzer, including the competitive adsorption of <figure><img></figure> and <figure><img></figure> ions. Building on the single-species model by Thomas (1944), we developed a multi-species ion exchange model by integrating a multi-species Langmuir model and introducing a competitive adsorption factor. Additionally, we coupled the model with an iron ion concentration source term accounting for ion production within the PEM electrolyzer. The model was fitted to new laboratory data by adjusting surface diffusivities. It successfully captures competitive adsorption dynamics, revealing transient peaks in <figure><img></figure> outlet concentrations compared to inlet concentrations due to displacement by <figure><img></figure> . For a specific case study, the model predicts that the ion exchange bed reaches exhaustion after approximately 10<!--> <!-->000<!--> <!-->h.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10019,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Research & Design","volume":"222 ","pages":"Pages 325-339"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145099600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Kinetic model identification for hydrogen borrowing synthesis using a cloud platform for model-based design of experiments","authors":"Emmanuel Agunloye ,&nbsp;Ricardo Labes ,&nbsp;Thomas Chamberlain ,&nbsp;Frans L. Muller ,&nbsp;Richard A. Bourne ,&nbsp;Federico Galvanin","doi":"10.1016/j.cherd.2025.09.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cherd.2025.09.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hydrogen borrowing is an increasingly important catalytic process in the synthesis of pharmaceutical intermediates and active drug compounds. Its mechanism is typically described as a three-step sequence: alcohol oxidation, additive alkylation (or arylation) and hydrogen reduction. While the mechanistic steps are well established, the development of predictive kinetic models is critical to enabling process scalability and automation. In this work, the hydrogen borrowing mechanism is embedded within a model-based design of experiments (MBDoE) framework for controlling automated laboratory experimentation via a cloud service. A case study involving benzyl alcohol and benzylamine reaction over a Ru catalyst was conducted. Candidate kinetic models were developed to describe the dynamics of reactants, intermediates and products based on experimental data. Leveraging MBDoE in combination with a novel sequential parameter estimation technique informed by the reaction network, two statistically adequate and identifiable kinetic models were identified. Although initially indistinguishable based on standard experimental data, in-silico simulations exploiting structural differences between the models show that catalyst amount acts as a key model discrimination factor. This work demonstrates how reaction-informed model discrimination through targeted experimental design can advance understanding and control of hydrogen borrowing synthesis, laying the foundation for more robust and scalable processes in the pharmaceutical industry.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10019,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Research & Design","volume":"223 ","pages":"Pages 30-44"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145218721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of an external magnetic field on the breakup dynamics of a magnetic droplet in a micro-magneto fluidic system","authors":"Junfeng Wu ,&nbsp;Farag M.A. Altalbawy ,&nbsp;Krunal Vaghela ,&nbsp;K.N. Raja Praveen ,&nbsp;Aditya Kashyap ,&nbsp;Kshamta Chauhan ,&nbsp;D.Hima Bindu ,&nbsp;Farzona Alimova ,&nbsp;Prabhat Kumar Sahu ,&nbsp;Fadhil Faez ,&nbsp;Mehrdad Mottaghi ,&nbsp;Mohammad Mahtab Alam","doi":"10.1016/j.cherd.2025.09.016","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cherd.2025.09.016","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Lab-on-chip technology is an emerging method that can handle volumes of droplets and fluids ranging from picoliters to microliters, offering fast analysis and low costs. Droplet generation and breakup within a microdevice are particularly useful for biomedical testing and synthesis. This study computationally investigates the impact of a magnetic field on the breakup of a magnetic droplet using OpenFOAM. The volume-of-fluid method tracks the interface of the second phase, and the magnetic force and force are implemented based on Maxwell's equations. The study examines how different intensities of magnetic field and the magnetic source position influence interface deformation, streamlines, breakup time, droplet generation frequency, and droplet size. The findings indicate that enhancing the magnetic power up to 0.18 T does not change the daughter droplets' size but reduces the breakup time by approximately 30 %. As the magnetic magnitude rises beyond 0.18 T up to 0.6 T, the size of the generated particles decreases, and the pressure drop in the microchannel increases after each breakup. In contrast, within the lower magnetic field range (0–0.18 T), there is no significant change in pressure or pressure drop during droplet movement and after breakup.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10019,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Research & Design","volume":"222 ","pages":"Pages 468-485"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145119304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An integrated centrifugal microfluidic chip for in situ chemical oxygen demand by improving the conventional dichromate method","authors":"Z. Wu ,&nbsp;B.V.N. Sewwandi ,&nbsp;H.M.S.N. Deegala ,&nbsp;K.M.N.K.B. Kuruppu ,&nbsp;E.G.V.P. Chandrasekara ,&nbsp;S.P. Hemachandra ,&nbsp;L. Pan ,&nbsp;W. Yang ,&nbsp;Z. Zhang ,&nbsp;X. Chen ,&nbsp;A.C.A. Jayasundara ,&nbsp;Rohan Weerasooriya","doi":"10.1016/j.cherd.2025.09.019","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cherd.2025.09.019","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study proposed automated centrifugal microfluidic chips (CMCs) as advanced Lab-on-a-Chip systems for water quality analysis, taking chemical oxygen demand (COD) as an example. The CMCs minimize reagent use, reduce hazardous waste, and enable precise reaction control through optimized geometric designs by leveraging centrifugal and Euler forces to enhance particle filtration, liquid transfer, and in situ monitoring. Our novel settling chamber isolated large particles in digested samples, improving the efficiency of COD detection. Simulations were conducted to optimize the inclination angle and angular acceleration of the siphon valve, ensuring stable liquid transfer. The system achieved a 6.85 % improvement in COD detection accuracy, an 88 % reduction in sample volume, and a 55 % decrease in analysis time. Precision increased by 64.10 %, and uncertainty was reduced by 47.04 %, maintaining a detection range of 0–150 mgL⁻¹ with a Limit of Detection of 4 mgL⁻¹ and a Limit of Quantification of 12 mgL⁻¹. With a compact, portable design (250 mm × 280 mm × 315 mm, 13 kg) and low power consumption (33.9 W), the device is well-suited for environmental monitoring and remote water quality testing. To ensure coherence with the novel CMC chip, we developed the customized CMC microfluidic equipment in our laboratory. Its adaptability for other difficult water quality parameters, such as total nitrogen or phosphorus, could boost its applications in public health and sustainable water management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10019,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Research & Design","volume":"222 ","pages":"Pages 425-440"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145099476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}