Ying Zhang , Jingjing Liu , Ling Yin, Chengyun Yan, Bingli Jiang, Yueyi Deng
{"title":"Three indomethacin cocrystals: Preparation, characterization and formation thermodynamics","authors":"Ying Zhang , Jingjing Liu , Ling Yin, Chengyun Yan, Bingli Jiang, Yueyi Deng","doi":"10.1016/j.cherd.2025.04.048","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cherd.2025.04.048","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The cocrystals of Indomethacin (Imc) with isonicotine (Iso), isoniazid (Inh), and salicylic acid (Sa) were prepared to improve solubility, dissolution rate, and in vivo intestinal absorption. The prepared cocrystals were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRPD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TG), and Fourier infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Subsequently, the equilibrium solubility and in vitro dissolution of the cocrystals were evaluated. The results indicate that the equilibrium solubility of the Imc-Inh cocrystal is 3.2 times that of Imc, and the maximum dissolution of the Imc-Iso cocrystal is approximately 4 times that of Imc. The mechanism underlying the formation of the Imc-Iso, Imc-Inh, and Imc-Sa cocrystals was investigated through the thermodynamics of the cocrystal formation and the calculation of DFT-D. The results demonstrate that the Gibbs free energy change (ΔG), the formation enthalpy change (ΔH) of the Imc cocrystals with Iso, Inh, and Sa are less than zero, indicating that the formation of cocrystals is spontaneous and driven by enthalpy. As the temperature rises, the values of ΔG of the cocrystals formation demonstrate a gradual increase, indicating that elevated temperatures are not favorable to cocrystal formation. In vivo single-pass intestinal perfusion experiments (SPIP) reveal that the Imc-Iso cocrystals can enhance the permeability of Imc.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10019,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Research & Design","volume":"218 ","pages":"Pages 539-547"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144070314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Heat exchanger network synthesis considering detailed heat exchanger design under fouling","authors":"Yi Cui, Ziyuan Cui, Yufei Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.cherd.2025.05.027","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cherd.2025.05.027","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The synthesis of heat exchanger networks and the design of heat exchangers are critical topics in the field of chemical engineering. The research on both aspects has been ongoing without interruption. Existing coupled designs of heat exchanger networks and heat exchangers often assume steady-state stream characteristics, neglecting the impacts of flow rate fluctuations and fouling effects on network and exchanger performance. This paper introduces flow uncertainty and fouling models into the synthesis of heat exchanger networks and detailed heat exchanger design. The chance constrained programming method is employed to design heat exchanger networks under uncertainty conditions, with utilizing Set Trimming to optimize heat exchanger. The objective is to minimize the total annual cost of the heat exchanger network. Five scenarios are designed to explore the relationships among uncertainty, fouling, and economy. Additionally, sensitivity analyses are conducted on the magnitude of uncertainty and confidence levels. The results indicate that the threshold fouling model can reduce the equipment investment cost slightly, by about 1 %. The synthesis of the heat exchanger network under uncertainty can improve its resistance to fluctuation. The flexibility index can be increased by 75.6 % by only a 3.5 % increase in operating cost.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10019,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Research & Design","volume":"218 ","pages":"Pages 525-538"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144070315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Haoyue Li , Yuanpei Luo , Fei Dai , Jun Sui , Hongguang Jin
{"title":"Corrigendum to “Numerical simulation of an externally heated fixed bed reactor for coal pyrolysis based on porous media” [Chem. Eng. Res. Des. 211 (2024) 137–151]","authors":"Haoyue Li , Yuanpei Luo , Fei Dai , Jun Sui , Hongguang Jin","doi":"10.1016/j.cherd.2025.05.021","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cherd.2025.05.021","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10019,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Research & Design","volume":"218 ","pages":"Page 454"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143935908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yaning Wang, Guisheng Qi, Yujing Guo, Ning Li, Jingting He, Qiang Guo, Youzhi Liu
{"title":"Preparation of CexZr1-xO2 with mixed alcohol/water solvents: As highly active catalysts for the synthesis of dimethyl carbonate from CO2 and methanol","authors":"Yaning Wang, Guisheng Qi, Yujing Guo, Ning Li, Jingting He, Qiang Guo, Youzhi Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.cherd.2025.04.051","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cherd.2025.04.051","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The synthesis of dimethyl carbonate (DMC) from carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) represents a promising strategy for CO<sub>2</sub> resource utilization, effectively mitigating atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> levels. Ce<sub>x</sub>Zr<sub>1-x</sub>O<sub>2</sub> has demonstrated significant catalytic efficiency in facilitating DMC production via the direct reaction of CO<sub>2</sub> and methanol (MeOH). However, its morphologically controllable synthesis and resolution of particle agglomeration remain a challenge. In this study, uniformly dispersed rod-like Ce<sub>x</sub>Zr<sub>1-x</sub>O<sub>2</sub> structures were synthesized by modulating the reaction solvent composition. Experiments and characterization revealed that the addition of alcohol directly affected the morphology and aggregation of ions in solution and promoted the reduction of Ce<sup>4+</sup> to Ce<sup>3+</sup>, These modifications enhanced the catalytic performance of the rod-shaped Ce<sub>x</sub>Zr<sub>1-x</sub>O<sub>2</sub>. Notably, under an alcohol-to-water ratio of 1:1 with n-butanol, the DMC yield reached 4.36 mmol/g a 10 % increase compared to systems using a single aqueous solvent. In this work, a simple, efficient and rapid modification method was used to improve catalyst performance. Compared to metal doping approaches, solvent modulation offers a cost-effective alternative for catalyst production. These findings provide valuable insights for optimizing performance in other catalyst systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10019,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Research & Design","volume":"218 ","pages":"Pages 515-524"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144069490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Youssef Yatimi , Ahmed Alalou , Muthanna H. Al-Dahhan
{"title":"Investigation of the plenum configuration effect on the maldistribution of liquid and gas phases in upflow packed bed reactors using Gamma-ray densitometry (GRD)","authors":"Youssef Yatimi , Ahmed Alalou , Muthanna H. Al-Dahhan","doi":"10.1016/j.cherd.2025.05.019","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cherd.2025.05.019","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of five plenum designs on the distribution of the flowing phases in the plenum itself and within the packed catalysts’ bed of the reactor. The line-averaged gas and liquid holdups were measured in the plenum at nine radial positions (<span><math><mrow><mi>r</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>R</mi><mo>=</mo><mspace></mspace><mn>0</mn><mo>,</mo><mspace></mspace><mo>±</mo><mn>0.225</mn><mo>,</mo><mspace></mspace><mo>±</mo><mn>0.45</mn><mo>,</mo><mspace></mspace><mo>±</mo><mn>0.675</mn><mo>,</mo><mspace></mspace><mo>±</mo><mn>0.9</mn></mrow></math></span>), and under two superficial inlet gas velocities (<span><math><mrow><mspace></mspace><mn>0.07</mn></mrow></math></span> and <span><math><mrow><mn>0.17</mn><mi>m</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>s</mi></mrow></math></span>) using the inhouse developed, non-invasive gamma-ray densitometry (GRD). With the same measurement conditions, the line-averaged dynamic liquid holdups were estimated in the packed catalysts’ bed at two axial levels <span><math><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>Z</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>D</mi><mo>=</mo><mspace></mspace><mn>0.1</mn><mo>,</mo><mspace></mspace><mn>1.56</mn><mo>)</mo><mo>.</mo></mrow></math></span> The results show that, with a plenum design containing four or five deflectors, an enhanced distribution uniformity of the liquid and gas phases can be obtained in the plenum and in the fully developed region of the packed catalysts’ bed. With these two plenum designs, the increase of the superficial inlet gas velocity was found to significantly increase the chaotic flow of the gas and liquid in the regions where the flow is not fully developed. However, it did not affect the level of the liquid in the plenum, indicating the applicability of these plenum designs for several U-PBR applications requiring high gas holdups.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10019,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Research & Design","volume":"218 ","pages":"Pages 481-494"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143942371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rui Hong Teoh , Lai Yee Lee , Suyin Gan , Hoon Kiat Ng , Suchithra Thangalazhy-Gopakumar
{"title":"Production of biocrude oil through hydrothermal liquefaction of palm empty fruit bunch with ethanol co-solvent: A source of value-added chemicals","authors":"Rui Hong Teoh , Lai Yee Lee , Suyin Gan , Hoon Kiat Ng , Suchithra Thangalazhy-Gopakumar","doi":"10.1016/j.cherd.2025.04.050","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cherd.2025.04.050","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Palm empty fruit bunches (EFB) is the most abundant biomass from palm oil industries which needs further attention as a source of value-added materials. Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) of biomass at subcritical conditions can provide valuable products such as biocrude oil and hydrochar with minimum emission of CO<sub>2</sub>. In this work, hydrothermal liquefaction of EFB was investigated at different conditions such as 275 and 300 °C, in presence of organic solvents (ethanol, methanol, isopropanol) with a reaction time of 30 min and an initial pressure of 10 bar. In addition, the presence of an oxidation agent, hydrogen peroxide was also investigated in optimized conditions. GC-MS, FTIR, TGA, and CHNS were used to characterize the properties of the biocrude oil and hydrochar. The highest biocrude oil yield of 40.8 wt% was obtained at 275 °C with 40 vol% ethanol as co-solvent in water. GC-MS analysis indicated that the biocrude oil produced at these conditions was rich in phenolic and enone compounds. Pure ethanol solvent provided the lowest yield for biocrude oil, while the water-ethanol mixture provided a high yield of biocrude oil with different groups of value-added chemicals. Hydrochars were thermally stable until 250 °C and lost around 40 wt% at 900 °C.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10019,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Research & Design","volume":"218 ","pages":"Pages 455-467"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143935910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Qi Shao , Haoran Xiao , Lei Gao , Huiming Chen , Chao Long
{"title":"A pilot-scale study on performance and deactivation mechanism of MnOx supported on Y zeolite for ozone catalytic oxidation of VOCs at low temperature","authors":"Qi Shao , Haoran Xiao , Lei Gao , Huiming Chen , Chao Long","doi":"10.1016/j.cherd.2025.05.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cherd.2025.05.012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As a VOCs elimination method at low temperature, ozone catalytic oxidation technology has received extensive attention recently. However, there is still lack of reports on the pilot-scale application of this technology. Herein, a pilot-scale catalyst (Mn/Y) was prepared by loading MnO<sub>x</sub> on the commercial Y zeolite using a simple impregnation method, which exhibited effective removal effect of TVOCs in the actual VOCs exhaust gas from a shoe factory. Although Mn/Y was inevitably deactivated during the long-term reaction, the catalytic activity of the catalyst can be restored after <em>in-situ</em> heating in the ozone flow. Through the investigation of the physical and chemical structural properties of the fresh catalyst, deactivated catalyst and regenerated catalysts, it was found that the disappearance of some easily reducible MnO<sub>x</sub> and ozone decomposition site, as well as the accumulation of some by-products were the reason for the deactivation of the catalyst. This work can provide some theoretical guidance for the ozone catalytic oxidation of VOCs from a pilot-scale view.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10019,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Research & Design","volume":"218 ","pages":"Pages 421-427"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143931448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Evaluation of the impact of hydrothermal synthesis parameters of CuFe2O4/CeO2-MgO catalysts in water-gas shift reaction","authors":"Maryam Hatefi , Armin Ourang , Talaat Moeini , Fereshteh Meshkani","doi":"10.1016/j.cherd.2025.05.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cherd.2025.05.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A CuFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>/CeO<sub>2</sub>-MgO sample was selected for the first time for the high-temperature water-gas shift process and was made using the hydrothermal method followed by impregnating. The hydrothermal time (16, 20, and 24 h), autoclave temperature (100, 120, and 140 °C), calcination temperature (400, 450, and 500 °C), and PVP content (zero, 0.3, and 0.6 g) as essential agents in the efficiency of the desired material were examined. The properties of the materials were extensively analyzed through BET-BJH, XRD, TPR, SEM, and TGA-DTA techniques. Under specified conditions, i.e., time of 20 h hydrothermal, T<sub>autoclave</sub>= 100°C, and T<sub>calcination</sub>= 400°C were created, the vast S<sub>BET</sub> (60.9 m<sup>2</sup>/g) and lowest pore diameter (7.6 nm). Also, the PVP presence adopted in the present study confirmed the increase in the catalyst's BET area. Under ideal conditions, the 54 % CO conversion was obtained at 400 °C and GHSV of 30000 ml/h.g<sub>cat</sub> and steam/dry gas= 0.6 with an excellent lifetime of 3000 min.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10019,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Research & Design","volume":"218 ","pages":"Pages 350-360"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143923031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chenyang Zhou , Weijin Liu , Yiming Xu , Jinbo Li , Bo Zhang
{"title":"Nonlinear analysis of bed density fluctuation characteristics in gas-solid fluidized bed using micron-scale composite dense medium","authors":"Chenyang Zhou , Weijin Liu , Yiming Xu , Jinbo Li , Bo Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.cherd.2025.05.014","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cherd.2025.05.014","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study proposes a Variational Mode Decomposition (VMD) method optimized by the Subtraction Average-Based Optimizer (SABO) and tailored for gas-solid fluidized beds, using the minimum permutation entropy as the fitness function. Combined with time-domain analysis and chaos analysis, the study systematically investigates the effects of varying ultrafine coal powder content on the stability of bed density fluctuations in micron-sized composite dense medium gas-solid fluidized beds. The research shows that adding a small fraction of ultrafine coal powder (<em>w</em>=1 %-<em>w</em>=3 %) suppresses the formation and coalescence of large bubbles and enhances operational predictability and stability. However, it can also promote channel blockage, leading to poor local fluidization and larger density fluctuations. A moderate amount of ultrafine coal powder (around <em>w</em>=6 %) significantly improves the uniformity of gas-solid distribution, reduces density fluctuations, thereby optimizing coal separation efficiency and precision. Conversely, an excessive dosage (<em>w</em>=8 % and above) increases system complexity and chaos, introducing new forms of instability. These results provide valuable theoretical guidance and practical recommendations for the design and operation of gas–solid fluidized beds, particularly in dry coal-separation applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10019,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Research & Design","volume":"218 ","pages":"Pages 408-420"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143928614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yingnan Wang , Haoyang Shi , Shu Wang , Pingyang Wang
{"title":"Experimental study on thermal plasma combined treatment for medical waste","authors":"Yingnan Wang , Haoyang Shi , Shu Wang , Pingyang Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.cherd.2025.05.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cherd.2025.05.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A thermal plasma combined treatment of medical waste proposed here combines the advantages of pyrolysis and gasification technologies, which provides an option for the harmless, reduction, and recycling treatment of medical waste. The paper conducts a comprehensive investigation into the process parameters and outcomes, focusing on the impact of reaction temperature, gasification coefficient, and key waste components on treatment efficiency. The results show that higher reaction temperature and gasification coefficient significantly enhance the yield of combustible gases and overall energy efficiency. The calorific value of syngas remained unchanged with the increase of temperature. At the same time, the energy utilization of the system showed a tendency to increase and then decrease with the change of temperature, and the maximum value of about 22.2 % was observed at the temperature of about 1500 K, which was about 4.7 % higher than that of 1300 K. Additionally, certain typical constituents of medical waste contribute markedly to the increase in combustible gas production. The total amount of combustible gas and CO content were higher than that of the respective combustible gas production.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10019,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Research & Design","volume":"218 ","pages":"Pages 273-280"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143923029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}