Chemical Engineering Research & Design最新文献

{"title":"Enable mild and efficient biodiesel esterification via a reusable sulfonic acid-functionalized ionic liquid catalyst","authors":"Zuyun Luo ,&nbsp;Jiahui Lin ,&nbsp;Yangen Lv ,&nbsp;Xinze Ye ,&nbsp;Shucui Han","doi":"10.1016/j.cherd.2025.09.047","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cherd.2025.09.047","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ionic liquids serve as environmentally friendly alternatives to traditional catalysts for biodiesel production. In this work, the sulfonic acid-functionalized ionic liquid [TMG-PS][HSO₄] was synthesized via two steps and demonstrated high catalytic efficiency for esterification. The reaction process of myristic acid and methanol was optimized using single-factor experiments and response surface methodology. Specifically, [TMG-PS][HSO₄] achieved a high conversion rate of 97.53 % under the reaction conditions: temperature of only 42 °C, time of 5 h, catalyst dosage of 6.0 wt%, and molar ratio of methanol to myristic acid of 12:1. Remarkably, the catalyst displayed excellent stability for ten cycles. Moreover, [TMG-PS][HSO₄] also displayed generality and high catalytic activity in catalyzing the reactions of other free fatty acids (FFAs) with methanol to produce biodiesel. Therefore, these results demonstrate that [TMG-PS][HSO₄] has significant potential for biodiesel applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10019,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Research & Design","volume":"223 ","pages":"Pages 74-83"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145218718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bubble breakup and size evolution in turbulent vortex flow","authors":"Yan Xing ,&nbsp;Tao Zhong ,&nbsp;Yanping Yao ,&nbsp;Xiaokang Yan ,&nbsp;Lin Li ,&nbsp;Haijun Zhang ,&nbsp;Jincai Ran","doi":"10.1016/j.cherd.2025.09.044","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cherd.2025.09.044","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The size of bubbles exerts a significant impact on flotation efficiency. In the fine particle flotation system, small-sized bubbles are required to facilitate efficient collision and adhesion between fine particles and bubbles. This study employs numerical simulation of single-bubble breakup and high-speed dynamic camera experiments to investigate the mechanism of bubble breakup within the vortex generator and the effect of differently structured vortex tubes on bubble size reduction. The results indicate that the mechanisms facilitating bubble breakup in different regions of the vortex mineralization tube. These include the continuous low-energy vortex effects in the recirculation zone behind the vortex generator, strong strain rates and turbulent kinetic energy at the boundary between the return zone and the main flow region, and the shear obstruction effects on the wall near the vortex generator. Among the tested structures, the rectangular vortex generator exhibits the optimal performance in promoting bubble breakup. At the circulation flow rate of 0.21 m³ /h, the size of bubbles after passing through the rectangular vortex mineralization tube is 31 % of that after passing through a smooth tube. This is attributed to the fact that the rectangular vortex mineralization tube has the highest volume-averaged turbulent kinetic energy, while a continuous low-vorticity vortex region exists behind the vortex generator. This study demonstrates that bubble breakup can be promoted by increasing turbulent kinetic energy and creating local low-vorticity regions, thereby providing a reference for reducing bubble size in flotation processes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10019,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Research & Design","volume":"223 ","pages":"Pages 84-95"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145218740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Peroxymonosulfate activation for the efficient removal of organic pollutant by ZIF-67-derived low-crystalline CuCoOx with abundant oxygen vacancies","authors":"Fei Yan ,&nbsp;Luao Wu ,&nbsp;Yanxin Quan ,&nbsp;Wenhui You ,&nbsp;Ping Li ,&nbsp;Lina Wei ,&nbsp;Guangle Zhou ,&nbsp;Lidong Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.cherd.2025.09.045","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cherd.2025.09.045","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, low-crystalline CuCoO_x with abundant oxygen vacancies (O_v) were prepared by hydrothermal-calcination method using ZIF-67 as the precursor. Abundant O_v in the catalyst enhanced the activation of PMS for bisphenol A (BPA) degradation. The optimum catalyst Cu₁Co₁O_x-2 completely removed BPA with a high rate constant of 0.544 min⁻¹, and it remained high activity in a wide pH range of 3–11. EPR analysis, electrochemical tests and quenching experiments revealed that the Cu₁Co₁O_x-2/PMS system degraded BPA via radical (SO₄^•−, •OH, O₂^•−), and non-radical (¹O₂, electron trasfer) pathways, with O₂^•− playing a predominant role. The synergistic effect between O_v and the bimetal synergy in the catalysts is the key for enhancing PMS activation. DFT analysis confirmed that the surface O_v of Cu₁Co₁O_x-2 enhanced the chemisorption of PMS on neighboring cobalt ions and facilitated the cleavage of the O-O bond of PMS. In addition, O_v enhanced the interfacial charge transfer to PMS, hence boosting PMS activation with a lower energy barrier. This method is useful for eliminating refractory organic pollutants in water.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10019,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Research & Design","volume":"223 ","pages":"Pages 96-108"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145218741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of impeller types and evaluating agitator designs to suspend solids and pump liquid based on process and mechanical metrics in square vessels","authors":"Jason J. Giacomelli ,&nbsp;Tarang K. Bulchandani ,&nbsp;David L. Geesaman ,&nbsp;Joel S. Berg ,&nbsp;Richard K. Grenville","doi":"10.1016/j.cherd.2025.09.043","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cherd.2025.09.043","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Suspension of solid particles in square cross section, low aspect ratio stirred vessels commonly found in the water and wastewater treatment (WWT) industry are studied for a range of impeller types. Four axial and four radial discharge impellers were investigated. The objective of the study was to characterize a wide range of impeller technologies and rank them based on energy and mechanical efficiency as these are primary evaluation principles in the WWT industry. To accomplish this goal each impeller was characterized to determine its design constants: power number, flow number, axial thrust coefficient, and radial thrust coefficient, using a variety of measurement techniques. Then, using a wastewater simulant particle, the just-suspended impeller speed was measured for each impeller type at 2 %v/v solids concentration. Finally, hypothetical designs were conceived for each impeller type operating at the just-suspended speed and were compared based on power usage, torque and bending loads, and shaft weight and length to determine which impeller(s) result in the most efficient agitator design. We find that generally, impeller design constants can be categorized and correlated based on primary pumping discharge classification and that axial discharge impellers are more energetically and mechanically efficient than radial impellers for suspending solids.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10019,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Research & Design","volume":"223 ","pages":"Pages 109-128"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145218742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research on strong swirl turbulent desorption technology of oily sludge","authors":"Linjie Huang,&nbsp;Zhiqian Sun,&nbsp;Yue Liu,&nbsp;Yanming Xie,&nbsp;Yaoxin Jiang,&nbsp;Zhipeng Xu,&nbsp;Wenjun Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.cherd.2025.09.036","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cherd.2025.09.036","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Oily sludge is a solid waste generated in the process of oil exploitation, processing and gathering and transportation, and its effective treatment and utilization is one of the key problems to be solved in the field of petroleum and petrochemical. This study investigates a reduction pretreatment method for oily sludge based on intense turbulent detachment and liquid-liquid strong swirling separation technology, supplemented by laboratory-scale feasibility experiments. Numerical simulations of the single-phase flow field within the hydrocyclone were conducted using Fluent software. The results indicate that the shear effects in the swirling flow field provide a favorable environment for the detachment of oil from sludge. Through phase trajectory and particle behavior analysis, the motion state and detachment-separation process of oily sludge particles of different sizes were examined. It was found that particles undergo both viscous shear stress and Reynolds shear stress, with oil detachment achieved through mechanisms such as particle collision and friction. Laboratory experiments were conducted utilizing an axial-flow hydrocyclone to validate the process and determine the optimal structural and operational parameters for the single-tube cyclonic separator. Under the conditions of flow rate of 3.5–4m³/h, overflow ratio of 12 %, water mixing ratio of 1:10 and chemical concentration of 100 mg/L, the recovery rate of crude oil at the bottom of the treatment tank can reach 83.93 %, the pressure is reduced to 0.2 MPa, the residue content of the oil phase is less than 0.5 %, and the oil content of the oil sludge (water) after separation is &lt; 5000 mg/, indicating that the turbulent action of the swirl field can realize the desorption of oily sludge and is expected to be applied to engineering practice.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10019,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Research & Design","volume":"223 ","pages":"Pages 45-58"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145218720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comprehensive sensitivity analysis of solids mixing in a tapered fluidized bed: Experiment and CFD-MFM simulation","authors":"Seyed Arash Hasani Zaveh,&nbsp;Kiania Sarafan,&nbsp;Asghar Molaei Dehkordi","doi":"10.1016/j.cherd.2025.09.034","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cherd.2025.09.034","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Tapered fluidized beds, due to the reduction of gas velocity in the axial direction, enhance mixing and provide uniform fluidization of particles with different size distributions. This study analyses the mixing process of a binary mixture in a pseudo-two-dimensional tapered fluidized bed using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) with an Eulerian–Eulerian approach, complemented by experiments based on digital image analysis. The Lacey mixing index was used to quantify solids mixing, and the performance of various drag models, a critical parameter in CFD simulations and not yet comprehensively investigated in tapered fluidized beds, was evaluated. The Syamlal–O’Brien drag model (Syamlal, M.; O’Brien, T. J. Computer simulation of bubbles in a fluidized bed. AIChE Symp. Ser., 1989, 85, 22 −31) showed the best agreement with experimental data, calculating the Lacey mixing index with RMSE values of 0.0972 and 0.1480 at gas velocities of 0.4 and 0.6 m/s, and estimating the minimum fluidization velocity with a relative error of 5.46 %. Using this model, numerical simulations showed that increasing apex angle and gas velocity, while decreasing coarser particle fraction, particle size ratio, and initial particle height, prevents segregation. Minimum fluidization velocity was also found to affect solids mixing significantly.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10019,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Research & Design","volume":"223 ","pages":"Pages 59-73"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145218719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advanced analytical model of a disc stack centrifuge to enhance the understanding of its industrial application in an API recovery facility","authors":"Maria Lindegaard Nissen ,&nbsp;Sara Canle Babío ,&nbsp;Peter Szabo ,&nbsp;David Gottlied Bording","doi":"10.1016/j.cherd.2025.09.039","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cherd.2025.09.039","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aims to advance the understanding of biosuspension separation in a three-outlet disc stack centrifuge through a model-based approach. A steady-state model of the centrifuge is developed in which a suspension is separated into three outlet streams. This model considers both liquid and particle separation within two separation zones. Furthermore, the applicability of the model is evaluated in an industrial setting. The model is developed using systematic modelling methods within Process Systems Engineering (PSE). It is formulated through macroscopic balances expressed in radial coordinates, considering the appropriate boundary conditions. The analytical trajectory of particles is implemented to describe the particle separation within the two separation zones. Validation of the model predictions against historical production data demonstrates the model's accuracy, evidenced by a low Normalized Root Mean Squared Error (NRMSE) score of 0.131 in predicting the supernatant flow rate. Furthermore, the model’s applicability is demonstrated through the analysis of separation performance and the discharge process, thereby enhancing process understanding without interfering with production.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10019,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Research & Design","volume":"223 ","pages":"Pages 185-194"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145263927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modeling and optimization study of gas hydrates: Validation at reservoir-mimicking conditions","authors":"Modhu Sailan Bagani,&nbsp;Shubhangi Sharma,&nbsp;Amiya K. Jana","doi":"10.1016/j.cherd.2025.09.038","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cherd.2025.09.038","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This work elucidates the fundamental understanding of the natural gas hydrate formation, growth and decomposition dynamics and how these three sequential phases are affected by guest gas composition, salt concentration in constituent water, uneven porous particles with their wide variation in size, ground condition (below sea level and permafrost region), among others. Three phase (hydrate-liquid-vapor) thermodynamic equilibrium has played a central role along with fractional-order kinetics in the complex hydration process. The resulting thermo-kinetic hydrate dynamics involves a set of influential parameters, which need to be determined precisely. For this, a powerful optimization technique, namely simplicial homology global optimization, is introduced for their identification to secure optimal predictability. Using a large variety of datasets at reservoir-mimicking conditions, the hydrate dynamics is well tested with single to multicomponent guest, pure water, salt water and porous media.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10019,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Research & Design","volume":"223 ","pages":"Pages 18-29"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145218722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The morphology on the large amplitude oscillatory shear rheological behaviors of hydrocarbon-based gel fuels: A case of study for spherical and flake aluminum particles","authors":"Guibiao He,&nbsp;Jian Li,&nbsp;Yaning Li,&nbsp;Saichao Song,&nbsp;Mingshuai Xue,&nbsp;Boliang Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.cherd.2025.09.037","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cherd.2025.09.037","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Aluminum (Al) particles have been extensively filled into conventional liquid and solid fuels to improve energy density. However, introducing these particles will modify the rheological properties of hydrocarbon-based gel fuels (GFs). A comprehensive understanding the nonlinear rheological behaviors of GFs is essential, because the utilization of GFs often involves large deformation. In this study, the effects of flake and spherical aluminum (FAl and SAl) particles on the nonlinear responses of hydrocarbon-based GFs were investigated by large amplitude oscillatory shear (LAOS) at different frequencies. The solid-liquid transition behavior was characterized by Lissajous-Bowditch (L-B) curves and Fourier Transform-rheology. Stress sweep results revealed that GFs containing FAl particles exhibited significant viscoelastic characteristics than GFs containing SAl particles. The L-B curves demonstrated that increasing the SAl particles content slowed transition from linear to nonlinear response, whereas higher FAl particles concentration accelerated this transition. Based on the stress softening ratio (R) and shear thinning ratio (Q), GFs containing FAl particles showed more significant stress stiffening and shear thickening than GFs with SAl particles as aluminum particles content increased. The higher harmonics ratio indicated that nonlinear responses were intensified with increasing FAl particles concentration. while this trend was reversed in GFs containing SAl particles.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10019,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Research & Design","volume":"223 ","pages":"Pages 195-208"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145263821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research on the multi-field coupling characteristics of sound- mist - dust of low-noise supersonic dust suppression spray based on porous foam materials","authors":"Shuang Tao ,&nbsp;Tian Zhang ,&nbsp;Shaocheng Ge ,&nbsp;Sheng Li ,&nbsp;Linquan Tong ,&nbsp;Xinsheng Mu ,&nbsp;Xingyu Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.cherd.2025.09.041","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cherd.2025.09.041","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Supersonic aerodynamic spray dust removal technology has the advantages of high spray concentration, small droplet size and fast movement speed. It has good control over respirable dust, but it can cause severe high-frequency noise pollution. To solve this problem, the research team has carried out structural optimization and material optimization on the technical device (porous aluminum foam, porous stainless steel foam – 30–50 μm). The velocity flow field and sound field of each nozzle were simulated via COMSOL Multiphysics software.In combination with these experiments, verify the feasibility of porous absorption and attenuation nozzles; select nozzles with better noise reduction effects; study the spray noise characteristics and change rules of each nozzle under different aerodynamic pressures and water flow rates; and compare and analyze their dropper particle size, velocity and dust removal efficiency. The mechanism of noise induced by the supersonic flow of compressible fluid, the optimization of the supersonic flow field structure and the noise reduction of porous metal foam nozzles were revealed. The results showed that after the optimization of the supersonic flow field structure, the velocity in the nozzle and the thickness of each velocity layer were reduced so that the corresponding sound pressure level was reduced, the spray noise at the sound source was reduced by approximately 11.6 %, and the propagation direction was reduced by approximately 9.6 %. The rigid pore blocking effect of the microporous metal foam Laval nozzle greatly reduced the radial sound pressure level of the sound source propagating through the nozzle sidewall. Among them, the porous aluminum foam nozzle has the best noise reduction effect, In the direction of propagation, the sound pressure level in the middle and high frequency band is reduced by 16.3 %. With increasing aerodynamic pressure, the sound pressure level at each nozzle sound source and propagation direction increased. With increasing water flow, the sound pressure level of the nozzle at the sound source changed from the original value and then decreased to an upward trend. Under the same working conditions, the size of droplets in the droplet field of each nozzle was approximately 11 μm. When the dust removal time was 3 min, the dust removal efficiency of each nozzle was above 84 %. While ensuring the dust removal effect of the spray, the noise pressure level of the atomization process is reduced through structural optimization and the principle of porous absorption attenuation, which provides theoretical and technical support for the safe application of the supersonic aerodynamic dust removal spray and the collaborative control of dust and noise.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10019,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Research & Design","volume":"223 ","pages":"Pages 1-17"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145157205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}