Chemical Engineering Research & Design最新文献

{"title":"A modeling analysis on industrial radial-flow packed-bed reactors for the catalytic dehydrogenation of long-chain normal paraffins: Appraisal of the modeling approach","authors":"Sayed Shahab Hosseini,&nbsp;Ataallah Sari,&nbsp;Amir Rahimi","doi":"10.1016/j.cherd.2024.10.034","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cherd.2024.10.034","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Catalytic dehydrogenation of long-chain normal paraffins is the most attractive route for producing of linear alkyl benzene. To make this happen, the radial-flow packed-bed reactors are employed as one of the most efficient currently available technologies. Simplifying assumptions that are sometimes imposed on reactor models to reduce the computational cost may also significantly decrease the accuracy of simulations. Here, it is decided to shed light on this matter by assessing the effect of typical model-simplifying assumptions on simulation results. To this end, one- and two-dimensional semi-homogeneous models are used to simulate an industrial-scale radial-flow packed-bed dehydrogenation reactor under isothermal and adiabatic conditions. Simulations are designed in four 1D isothermal, 1D adiabatic, 2D isothermal, and 2D adiabatic modes to compare different modeling strategies and investigate the effect of flow distribution on the reactor performance. An appropriate LHHW kinetics model is considered for paraffin dehydrogenation and the main associated side reactions over a commercial Pt-Sn-K-Mg/<em>γ</em>-Al₂O₃ catalyst. The model equations are solved numerically using the finite element method by COMSOL Multiphysics CFD software. The results show a 1–3 % discrepancy between the predictions of one- and two-dimensional models for feed conversion under isothermal and adiabatic conditions. In contrast, the comparison of isothermal and adiabatic results for each one- and two-dimensional models indicate a discrepancy of 33–36 %. Furthermore, the two-dimensional model shows a low non-uniformity in flow distribution under reaction conditions (∼ 0.175), which has a trivial negative effect on paraffin conversion.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10019,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Research & Design","volume":"212 ","pages":"Pages 121-133"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142578956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of structural parameters on gas-solid flow and bubble characteristics in indirect fluidized bed particle solar receivers","authors":"Ziang Zhu ,&nbsp;Liyun Zhu ,&nbsp;Anjun Li ,&nbsp;Zhenbo Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.cherd.2024.10.032","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cherd.2024.10.032","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The two-phase flow and bubble characteristics in Fluidized Bed Particle Solar Receivers (FBPSRs) with varying receiver diameters were numerically investigated by employing the Eulerian-Eulerian framework. Comparisons of solid volume fraction were made between experimental measurements and numerical simulations to validate the accuracy of the numerical model. Subsequently, the effects of receiver diameter on fluidization behavior were studied by considering particle volume fraction, slip velocity, bubbling frequency, bubble size, and bubble dynamics. The results show that a significant reduction was observed in solid holdup at <em>z</em> = 950 mm within narrower tubes. Besides, a consistent pattern of fluidization was evident, characterized by the formation of larger bubbles or slugs in <em>D</em> = 28 mm and 34 mm receivers. The larger diameter receiver restricted the size of the bubbles, leading to increased solid holdup and thus improving the contact between gas and particles. With the decrease of receiver diameter, the dominant frequency became clear. For the bubble dynamics, the bubble time fraction increased with tube diameter, but this trend became less consistent at higher elevations. Additionally, the overall bubble duration time increased with receiver diameter due to lower gas-solid slip velocity. However, a significantly higher bubble duration time was observed at <em>z</em> = 950 mm.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10019,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Research & Design","volume":"212 ","pages":"Pages 110-120"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142573099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-objective optimization of a novel gas-liquid cylindrical cyclone based on response surface methodology","authors":"Siqi Wang ,&nbsp;Minghu Jiang ,&nbsp;Shuang Zhang ,&nbsp;Shiqi Yu ,&nbsp;Mengmei Lu ,&nbsp;Lixin Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.cherd.2024.10.030","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cherd.2024.10.030","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Currently, most major oilfields in China have reached a stage of high water content, where the extracted fluid is often accompanied by significant volumes of associated gas. This situation increases extraction costs and elevates safety risks. To address these challenges, this paper presents an innovative redesign of the traditional gas-liquid cylindrical cyclone (GLCC) by applying composite mechanics to improve the inner cone structure. The new design is tailored for conditions with high gas content and flow rates. Using response surface optimization, the optimal structural parameters for the separator were identified: an inlet area of 881 mm², a column diameter of 110 mm, and an inner cone height of 189 mm. Furthermore, the study integrates numerical simulation with experimental research to compare and analyze the flow characteristics and separation performance of the GLCC before and after optimization. The results demonstrate that the optimized GLCC achieves a separation efficiency of 93.2 %, an improvement of 21.2 percentage points over the initial design, with a maximum pressure loss of 0.0621 MPa. The experimental findings and numerical simulations show strong agreement, confirming the efficacy of the new design.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10019,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Research & Design","volume":"212 ","pages":"Pages 1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142552283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of operating parameters on separation performance of air gap diffusion distillation for recovering ammonia from ammonia-nitrogen wastewater","authors":"Xuan Zhang ,&nbsp;Ping Wang ,&nbsp;Haoyuan Dou ,&nbsp;Jiaquan Chen ,&nbsp;Lele Chen ,&nbsp;Shiming Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.cherd.2024.10.026","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cherd.2024.10.026","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study proposes air gap diffusion distillation (AGDD) for recovering ammonia from ammonia nitrogen wastewater. The influences of several key parameters on the AGDD performance have been explored. The findings indicate that increasing the feed temperature improves the concentration factor (CF) and reduces the specific thermal energy consumption for ammonia recovery (STEC-N). Cooling water temperature on ammonia flux is higher than that of water flux. An increase in feed flowrate attenuates the boundary layer, substantially enhancing the ammonia flux relative to the water flux and boosting the CF. The effect of feed concentration on total flux is determined to be insignificant. When the air gap thickness is less than 8 mm, molecular diffusion dominates the mass transfer in the air gap, the water flux and ammonia flux decrease with the increase of the air gap thickness, and the CF reaches a peak of about 5.7 near 5 mm. However, when the air gap thickness is greater than 8 mm, natural convection dominates the mass transfer in the air gap. This weakens the negative impact of increased air gap thickness on total flux. This leads to a certain increase in CF, which is more pronounced at higher temperatures. Finally, a dimensionless equation for the mass transfer within the air gap was determined from temperature measurements at different spatial locations within the AGDD unit.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10019,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Research & Design","volume":"212 ","pages":"Pages 14-24"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142552169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of bubble-to-oil size ratio on dynamic behavior in flotation","authors":"Yali Zhao,&nbsp;Weiwei Xu,&nbsp;Kai Chen,&nbsp;Shiwen Yu,&nbsp;Jingyu Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.cherd.2024.10.029","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cherd.2024.10.029","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The successful flotation of micro-oil-bubble compounds to the liquid surface is essential for removing oil after bonding bubbles and oil droplets. Nevertheless, microbubble flotation is inherently unstable. This paper investigates the dynamic behavior of microbubbles and oil droplets utilizing the OpenFOAM software. The upwelling process and flotation behavior of bubbles and oil droplets at different oil-gas diameter ratios (<em>L</em>) are analyzed. And a comprehensive analysis of the effects of multiple factors on microbubble flotation results is established using the dimensionless numbers Eötvös (<em>Eo</em>), Weber (<em>We</em>) and <em>L</em>. This analysis is conducted to select conditions that promote the stability of microbubble flotation, and to obtain the optimal range of oil-gas diameter ratios that promote upwelling at different <em>Eo</em> and analyzes the underlying mechanism. When <em>L</em>&gt;1.3 and 0.5&lt;<em>L</em>≤1, the floating stability of micro-oil-bubble compounds is improved because buoyancy is the dominant force. While, in the range of 1&lt;<em>L</em>≤1.3, the horizontal lifting force becomes dominant in floating and causes the wall attachment phenomenon to occur more frequently. Upon examination of the correlation between the diameter ratio and the <em>We</em>, it becomes evident that <em>We</em> increases as the diameter ratio approaches 1.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10019,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Research & Design","volume":"212 ","pages":"Pages 134-142"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142578957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on the law and mechanism of particle migration in high pressure pumping pipeline","authors":"Jiajia Jing,&nbsp;Zuyuan Chen,&nbsp;Guorong Wang,&nbsp;Kai Tang","doi":"10.1016/j.cherd.2024.10.025","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cherd.2024.10.025","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>When the pipe manifold, blowout preventer stacks, etc. in the high pressure and large displacement conditions, their key sealing components are very susceptible to erosion failure. Therefore, temporary plugging by pumping plugging particles to the failure site has been proposed in the engineering site. However, in practical applications, it is found that plugging particles often clog or settle in the pumping pipeline. It’s necessary to study the transportation law and mechanism of particles in high pressure pumping pipeline. In this paper, a particle pumping model is established based on the CFD-DEM coupling method, and the accuracy of the model is verified by the experimental data in the literature. Then, the model is used to analyze the migration law of particles under the influence factors of particle size, particle concentration, particle shape and pump injection displacement. The results show that the particles in the pumping pipeline have three states: smooth flow, accumulation, and clogging, and the accumulation or clogging of particles occurs in the variable diameter part of the pipeline. With the increase of particle concentration, the critical size of accumulation decreases continuously, and the critical size of clogging decreases first and then tends to be stable. The pumping displacement mainly affects the volume distribution of particles on the vertical section of the pumping pipeline. The main factors affecting the transportation of particles are the force chain formed between particles and the collision frequency between particles. This study fills the gap regarding the lack of research related to large-sized particles transportation in high-pressure, high-displacement pumping pipeline, and provides theoretical support for the selection of process parameters during particle pumping.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10019,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Research & Design","volume":"212 ","pages":"Pages 81-96"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142573097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a novel process towards an l-malate biorefinery using methanol as feedstock","authors":"Gülsüm Merve Bastem ,&nbsp;Nihat Alpagu Sayar ,&nbsp;Luciana Fernandes Brito ,&nbsp;Trygve Brautaset ,&nbsp;David Virant ,&nbsp;Berna Sariyar Akbulut","doi":"10.1016/j.cherd.2024.10.027","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cherd.2024.10.027","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Malate is primarily obtained from fossil resources. However, growing environmental concerns are rerouting chemical manufacturing to biomanufacturing. Despite significant ‘discovery research’ efforts for sustainable malate production, a successful industrial implementation remains elusive. A novel methanol-based <span>l</span>-malate biomanufacturing process using the methylotrophic bacterium <em>Bacillus methanolicus</em> is designed and the relationship between R&amp;D and techno-economic feasibility is assessed. Two scenarios are modeled and compared using SuperPro Designer®. First, with limited R&amp;D success a 65 g/L titer is achievable. Then with further strain improvement and process development titer is increased to 100 g/L. Four independent design parameters; biomass formation, CO₂ evolution, methanol loss and selling price are selected to analyze techno-economic metrics of interest (yield per batch, yield on methanol, unit production cost, and net present value). Sensitivity analysis reveals the dependence of techno-economic feasibility to R&amp;D success, while uncertainty analysis quantifies how uncertainty in process development propagates into uncertainty in process performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10019,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Research & Design","volume":"212 ","pages":"Pages 158-167"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142656856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Innovative recycling and conversion of aluminum waste to hydrogen and aluminum chloride: Enhancing economic feasibility and sustainability in Saudi Arabia","authors":"Hamad Almohamadi ,&nbsp;Asim Laeeq Khan ,&nbsp;Abdulrahman AlKassem ,&nbsp;Wadea Sindi ,&nbsp;Sami Alrashdi ,&nbsp;Taghred Alhazmi","doi":"10.1016/j.cherd.2024.10.020","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cherd.2024.10.020","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The rapid industrialization and urbanization in Saudi Arabia have led to significant challenges in waste management, particularly in recycling aluminum waste. This study explores an innovative approach for converting aluminum waste, specifically beverage cans, into valuable products such as aluminum chloride (AlCl₃) and hydrogen (H₂). The process involves the chemical reaction of aluminum with hydrochloric acid (HCl), producing AlCl₃ and H₂, and is modeled using Aspen Plus software. Two scenarios are evaluated: one without recycling and one incorporating recycling processes. In the first scenario, the direct conversion process yields 355 tons of AlCl₃ and 9 tons of H₂ per day from 100 metric tons of aluminum waste. The minimum selling price (MSP) of AlCl₃ is calculated to be $764 per ton, with an annual profit of $25 million, assuming a market price of $1000 per ton. However, the economic viability of this scenario is highly sensitive to conversion efficiencies and market conditions. The second scenario integrates a recycling loop, processing 90 % of the aluminum waste back into aluminum, significantly enhancing economic stability. This scenario produces 35 tons of AlCl₃ and 1 ton of H₂ per day, with an MSP of $1068 per ton. Despite the higher MSP, the inclusion of recycled aluminum, sold at $2400 per ton, results in a higher annual profit of $38 million, demonstrating greater economic resilience and sustainability. This study provides a comprehensive techno-economic analysis, highlighting the dual benefits of waste reduction and resource recovery. By optimizing reaction conditions and incorporating recycling, the proposed process aligns with Saudi Arabia's Vision 2030 sustainability goals, offering a viable pathway for enhancing economic feasibility and environmental sustainability in aluminum waste management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10019,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Research & Design","volume":"212 ","pages":"Pages 143-157"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142586991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis, characterization, and performance of MXene-modified PVC membranes for organic and inorganic separation","authors":"Zainab E. AlHadithy ,&nbsp;Adnan A. AbdulRazak ,&nbsp;Ahmed M.H. Abdulkadhim Al-Ghaban ,&nbsp;Qusay F. Alsalhy ,&nbsp;Hicham Meskher ,&nbsp;Raed A. Al-Juboori","doi":"10.1016/j.cherd.2024.10.022","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cherd.2024.10.022","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study explores the transformation of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) flat sheet membranes for the first time using MXene, a hydrophilic two-dimensional (2D) nanosheet, to enhance ultrafiltration (UF) performance for wastewater treatment. The loading of MXene in the PVC solution was adjusted from 0 to 0.5 g in order to create modified membranes. The properties and performance of these membranes were thoroughly analyzed using field emission scanning electronmicroscopy (FESEM), contact angle (CA) measurements, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), water permeation flux, Bovine serum albumin (BSA) rejection, and Pb metal ions removal tests. Among the developed membranes, the N2-modified PVC membrane, with 0.4 g of MXene, exhibited the most favorable characteristics, including a contact angle of 65.77° and a porosity of .84.8 %. This membrane achieved the highest clean water permeation flux of 201.3 LMH, along with a 99.9 %, 91.03 % BSA and Pb metal ions rejection rate respectively, and a flux recovery ratio (FRR) of 90.2 %. The incorporation of MXene nanosheets significantly enhanced membrane efficiency compared to neat PVC membranes, demonstrating the promising capabilities of MXene-modified PVC membranes for effective wastewater treatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10019,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Research & Design","volume":"212 ","pages":"Pages 25-42"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142561334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Filtering ‘3–2’ industrial symbiosis networks at a carbon-intensive cluster in a small island developing state to reuse CO2 and water","authors":"Thérèse G. Lee Chan ,&nbsp;David A. Janes ,&nbsp;Kyle P. Joshua","doi":"10.1016/j.cherd.2024.10.023","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cherd.2024.10.023","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Small island developing states (SIDS) face internal and external pressures for more sustainable manufacturing e.g., economic and ecological water provision, and anti-carbon leakage tariffs. As SIDS have special developmental challenges, locally appropriate strategies are needed. In one of these SIDS, Trinidad and Tobago, is a carbon-intensive industrial cluster of global standing, the Point Lisas Industrial Estate (PLIE). So, to investigate ‘3–2’ industrial symbiosis (IS) on the PLIE, a simple enterprise input-output MILP model of a representative IS network was developed. Different quality wastewater streams and high-purity process CO₂ from ammonia processes were selected as materials to be reused in: existing petrochemical plants, a mineral carbonate factory and a propylene carbonate plant. To filter the IS relations, economic and environmental objectives were set for each material. Combining economic objectives left a tri-objective problem, which was resolved with ε-constraint optimization and multi-criteria decision-making methods. Kleinberg's hub and authority scores were found to give beneficial insight into the solved IS networks. Potential revenue-generating opportunities were uncovered for sharing and reusing water and process CO₂. The results suggest adding two proposed carbonate factories could increase the mass of CO₂ reused in the cluster by 10.4 % and mitigate releasing 5 Tg/y of rejected desalination brine.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10019,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Research & Design","volume":"212 ","pages":"Pages 43-57"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142573094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}