H.D. Jara-Echeverría, I. Sánchez-Redondo, J.A. Rivas-Seijas, A. Nieto-Márquez, J.A. Díaz-López, E. Atanes-Sánchez
{"title":"Two-stage separation-immobilization method for municipal solid waste incineration fly ash treatment","authors":"H.D. Jara-Echeverría, I. Sánchez-Redondo, J.A. Rivas-Seijas, A. Nieto-Márquez, J.A. Díaz-López, E. Atanes-Sánchez","doi":"10.1016/j.cherd.2025.06.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cherd.2025.06.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A two-stage separation-immobilization method was developed for treating two samples of municipal solid waste incineration fly ash (MSWI-FA), as a previously reported one-stage-treatment method was proven not to be effective for these samples. Four different combinations of two agents: sodium carbonate solution (SCS) and distilled water (WAT) were tested. The effectiveness of the treatment was assessed through leaching tests for waste characterization according to European Standard, with particular emphasis on total dissolve solid (TDS), soluble chlorides and heavy metals. In order to study the chemical and mineralogical changes during the fly ash treatment, XRD, DTA/DSC and ATR-FTIR analysis were performed. In the as-received fly ash, TDS and chloride concentration exceed the acceptance limits for hazardous waste, whereas concerning to lead, both as-received samples were catalogued as hazardous waste. Two of the four combinations of the two-stage treated fly ash, SCS-WAT and SCS-SCS, allow to reclassify the final product as non-hazardous waste. Leaching test of SCS-WAT and SCS-SCS showed 96.3–99.8 wt% chloride ion removal and 92.5–98.6 wt% lead concentration reduction. This result concerning chlorides was supported by XRD and DTA/DSC analysis. Finally, ATR-FTIR confirmed an increase of CaCO<sub>3</sub> concentration in those treatments that involved at least one SCS stage.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10019,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Research & Design","volume":"219 ","pages":"Pages 272-282"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144280320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yidi Gao , Suiyi Zhu , Weilu Yang , Zhan Qu , Yang Yu
{"title":"Alkali leaching-electrowinning recycling of Zn from hazardous wastes generated in the electroplating industry: A study on the effect of additives","authors":"Yidi Gao , Suiyi Zhu , Weilu Yang , Zhan Qu , Yang Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.cherd.2025.06.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cherd.2025.06.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Recycling heavy metals from hazardous electroplating sludge was a hot spot to reduce sludge production and minimize environmental risks. In this study, a high-purity zinc (Zn) sponge was recovered from actual Zn-bearing electroplating sludge through a combined process of alkaline leaching and electrowinning. The sludge contained 36.2 wt% Zn, 9.4 wt% Fe, and few impurities of Al/Ca/Si, and was directly leached with 7 M NaOH at 70 °C. Subsequently, 95 % of the Zn was efficiently separated as a sponge from the leachate using constant current electrolysis, achieving an electrowinning rate of 15.9 g/min·m². The resulting leachate, containing Zn, Al, and Si, was purified by the addition of limestone, which removed 82.6 % of Al and 72.2 % of Si, and was then completely reused in the subsequent leaching cycle. The addition of organic additives—EDTA-2Na, sodium citrate, polyethylene glycol, sodium dodecyl sulfonate, L-arginine, and gelatin—to the leaching and electrowinning systems had little effect on the leaching of Zn, Al, and Si or on the electrowinning of Zn, but did alter the morphology of the Zn sponge. In summary, when considering only the recovery efficiency of Zn from electroplating sludge, the effect of organic additives under high NaOH concentration was found to be negligible.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10019,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Research & Design","volume":"219 ","pages":"Pages 249-258"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144271489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Elucidating the barriers in estimating false data injection attacks in process control systems","authors":"Aatam Gajjar, Nael H. El-Farra, Matthew J. Ellis","doi":"10.1016/j.cherd.2025.05.041","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cherd.2025.05.041","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Process control systems (PCSs) ensure efficient, safe, and high-quality chemical production. However, their growing reliance on communication networks increases vulnerability to cyberattacks, such as false data injection attacks (FDIAs). FDIAs modify data transferred over the PCS communication links. Addressing FDIAs requires detecting their presence, estimating their parameters, and mitigating their impact. This study examines the identifiability of FDIA parameters—precisely, the ability to estimate these parameters using observable process data. We present cases where attack parameters cannot be uniquely determined from observed data and assess their implications for attack estimation. First, we consider the case when the attack’s impact is indistinguishable from process disturbances or measurement noise. Second, we consider the case when the relationship between the observed data and the attack parameter values is not unique. Both cases result in a lack of identifiability in the attack parameter values from the process data. While the former is tied to inherent process and attack properties, the latter can be addressed using longer observation windows in estimation schemes. We explore these issues through different estimators and demonstrate their impact using a process example. Despite these challenges, we also present scenarios where accurate FDIA estimates can be achieved. Finally, we apply one of the estimators to a chemical process under simultaneous additive and multiplicative FDIAs, showcasing its effectiveness and validating its ability to estimate attack parameters accurately.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10019,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Research & Design","volume":"219 ","pages":"Pages 181-197"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144253879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yaksha Verma , Mu. Naushad , Alberto García-Peñas , Amit Kumar , Pooja Dhiman , Gaurav Sharma
{"title":"Exploring the potential of MnWO4/MXene/carbon xerogel photocatalyst for photo efficient degradation of crystal violet","authors":"Yaksha Verma , Mu. Naushad , Alberto García-Peñas , Amit Kumar , Pooja Dhiman , Gaurav Sharma","doi":"10.1016/j.cherd.2025.05.053","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cherd.2025.05.053","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Photocatalytic degradation under visible light offers a sustainable approach for removing organic pollutants from wastewater. In this study, MnWO<sub>4</sub>, MXene, carbon xerogel, and their composites were synthesized through a simple and efficient method and evaluated for the photocatalytic degradation of crystal violet (CV) dye. Among them, the MnWO<sub>4</sub>/MXene/carbon xerogel composite exhibited superior performance, achieving 95 % CV dye removal within 60 min under optimized conditions (25 mg catalyst dose, 10 ppm dye concentration, pH 12). Kinetic studies confirmed the enhanced degradation rate compared to the individual components. The improved activity was attributed to the formation of an S-scheme heterojunction between MnWO<sub>4</sub> and MXene, facilitating efficient charge separation and maintaining strong redox potentials. Hydroxyl radicals (<sup>•</sup>OH) and superoxide radicals (<sup>•</sup>O<sub>2</sub>⁻) were identified as the main reactive species. Additionally, the composite demonstrated good stability and recyclability, retaining over 90 % efficiency after four cycles. These findings suggest that the MnWO<sub>4</sub>/MXene/carbon xerogel composite is a promising, stable photocatalyst for practical environmental remediation applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10019,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Research & Design","volume":"219 ","pages":"Pages 235-248"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144253881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Recent trends in physio-chemo technologies and their role in dyes removal: Effectiveness, benefits, and limitations","authors":"Aya A. Najim , Ahmed Y. Radeef , Zaid H. Jabbar","doi":"10.1016/j.cherd.2025.06.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cherd.2025.06.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Industrial wastewater dyes removal is important to decrease environmental pollution and protect public health. The efficiency, benefits, and challenges of major physical and chemical techniques used for dye removal are discussed in this review. Yet physical methods such as the adsorption of dyes through activated carbon, polymers, or nanomaterials have demonstrated good dyes capture from wastewater because of their simplicity and versatility in dealing with various dye types and dye concentrations. However, these are potent methods, but they depend upon frequent regeneration or replacement of adsorbent materials. Advanced oxidation processes and chemical approaches chemically degrade dye molecules into less harmful by-products. The high efficacy of breaking down these dyes was shown using methods such as ozonation, Fenton's reagent, and photocatalysis even at low concentrations. However, these technologies often have higher operational costs and require careful handling of reagents and waste products. Decisions to select an optimal dye removal strategy are conditioned by dye properties, concentration, treatment objectives, and cost factors. This review may help readers to choose the most suitable method for dyes removal.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10019,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Research & Design","volume":"219 ","pages":"Pages 198-221"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144253882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jie Ren , Rufeng Zhang , Fujun Ma , Guoqing Wan , Kaixuan Chen , Shaokun Yang
{"title":"Study on the dust migration rule and optimal ventilation parameters in tunnel drilling and blasting under forced ventilation","authors":"Jie Ren , Rufeng Zhang , Fujun Ma , Guoqing Wan , Kaixuan Chen , Shaokun Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.cherd.2025.06.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cherd.2025.06.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Dust generated by tunnel drilling and blasting seriously harms workers' health. To ensure the personal safety of construction personnel and create a clean working environment, this study, in combination with the actual engineering background and on-site monitoring data, simulates the interaction between the airflow field and the dust field under forced ventilation conditions. The distribution characteristics of the airflow field and the dust migration law are investigated at heights of 0.3 m and 1.5 m. The results show that the recirculation zone formed on the farthest side of the air duct has a relatively high wind speed and serves as the main carrier for transporting dust particles. In contrast, the eddy current zone far from the outlet of the air duct has complex and disordered airflow, which significantly inhibits the transportation of dust. The density of dust particles is the decisive factor for the decline rate of dust concentration. There is more dust accumulation at the lower level, and the diffusion is slower. The reliability of the simulation results is verified by the on-site monitoring data. Further research on the ideal ventilation parameters of the tunnel indicates that the ideal ventilation wind speed is 15 m/s, and the ideal distance between the air duct and the working face is 40 m.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10019,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Research & Design","volume":"219 ","pages":"Pages 120-133"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144221846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zhiqian Sun, Jiangrong Li, Mingze Sun, Zhenbo Wang
{"title":"Study of flow characteristics in straight-flow gas-liquid cyclone separator","authors":"Zhiqian Sun, Jiangrong Li, Mingze Sun, Zhenbo Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.cherd.2025.05.051","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cherd.2025.05.051","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In recent years, the rapid development of the natural gas industry has put forward higher requirements for gas-liquid cyclone separation technology. However, the separation effect of conventional straight-flow gas-liquid cyclone separator on small-size droplets remains unsatisfactory, and the pressure drop is relatively high. In order to improve the comprehensive performance of cyclone, numerical simulation study was carried out to analyze the distribution of the flow field, droplet particles and liquid film, as well as to investigate the influence of various factors on the flow field and separation performance. The results show that the tangential velocity distribution conforms to the Rankine vortex structure, the local vortex predominantly exists in the bottom center of the cylinder and the exhaust pipe. The liquid droplets are mostly distributed in the free vortex region, and as the flow progresses, the number and sizes of particles gradually decrease, most particles in the exhaust pipe have a particle size of less than 2 μm, indicating that the cyclone is effective in separating small-size droplets, and the liquid film is mainly distributed in the lower part of the cylinder, extending upwards along the helix. Increasing the intake can effectively improve the separation efficiency, within the range of intake from 60 m<sup>3</sup>·h<sup>−1</sup> to 100 m<sup>3</sup>·h<sup>−1</sup>, the best separation efficiency—reaching up to 97.5 %—is achieved when the height of the cylinder is 350 mm, the number of blades is 10, the angle of the blade outlet is 25°, and the structure of the exhaust pipe is a straight cylinder with a conical shape, while at the same time generating low energy consumption and a relatively large quality factor indicating excellent overall performance of the cyclone. The results of this study can provide a certain reference value for the optimization design of straight-flow gas-liquid cyclone separator.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10019,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Research & Design","volume":"219 ","pages":"Pages 100-119"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144221877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Facile synthesis of novel graphene-based magnetized nanocomposite for the simultaneous elimination of lead (II) and chromium (VI) in aqueous medium: Insights of interfacial studies","authors":"Ngainunsiami , Lalhmunsiama , Diwakar Tiwari","doi":"10.1016/j.cherd.2025.05.056","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cherd.2025.05.056","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Green and sustainable approaches have received greater attention in synthesizing advanced materials for efficient wastewater treatment processes. The mesoporous magnetized nanomaterials were synthesized employing bioderived graphene oxide and bentonite. The advanced tools characterized the nanocomposite materials extensively. Further, the synthesized composite was utilized to efficiently eliminate lead (II) and chromium (VI), both individually and simultaneously, from aqueous medium. The theoretical modeling using the Sips expanded equation proved the material's effectiveness in eliminating such ions. Parametric studies reveal solid-solution interface interactions influenced by pH, concentration, and electrolyte levels. 32.84 and 5.17 mg/g are the sorption capacities of the nanocomposite solid for lead (II) and chromium (VI), respectively. In contrast, pH being 3.7, a binary system of lead (II) to chromium (VI) with a 1:1 ratio showed 27.5 and 25.1 mg/g for lead (II) and chromium (VI), respectively. Several studies involving interfering co-ions and real matrix samples further demonstrate the efficacy of nanocomposite materials in eliminating these pollutants. The 0.1 mol/L of HCl and H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> solutions efficiently recover the pre-sorbed lead (II) and chromium (VI) from the solid surface for four successive sorption/desorption processes, and successive use of the nanocomposite solid entails the potential of the nanocomposite solid in the sustainable unit operations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10019,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Research & Design","volume":"219 ","pages":"Pages 67-78"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144212301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Da Wang, Miao Zhang, Qingjie Xie, Song Han, Sisi Xiao, Huijuan Wang
{"title":"Self-utilization of indigenous materials in plateau areas: Peroxymonosulfate activation by manganese modified barley straw biochar for efficient degradation of enrofloxacin","authors":"Da Wang, Miao Zhang, Qingjie Xie, Song Han, Sisi Xiao, Huijuan Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.cherd.2025.06.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cherd.2025.06.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study the indigenous materials in plateau areas were used to cope with the challenge of increasing antibiotics pollution in Qinghai-Xizang Plateau. The barely straw was chosen as the raw material to prepare the manganese modified biochar (XBSMBC) and then combined with peroxymonosulfate (PMS) to set up the PMS/XBSMBC system to treat the enrofloxacin (ENR) in water. The study showed that there was a higher PMS activation and thus ENR degradation of the manganese modified biochar prepared from the barley straw than those from Xizang wheat straw and Henan wheat straw. The preparation parameters of the XBSMBC, including the mass ratio of barley straw to manganese and the pyrolysis temperature, for the PMS activation as well as the ENR degradation were reviewed and found that the 1:1 and 900 °C were the optimal preparing conditions (XBSMBC-900 (1:1)). The influence of the XBSMBC-900 (1:1) additive amount, PMS dosage and solution initial pH on the ENR degradation was also ascertained. Results of quenching experimental studies and electron paramagnetic resonance demonstrated that ENR degradation in the PMS/XBSMBC system was achieved by a combined effect of SO<sub>4</sub><sup>·-</sup>, ·OH, ·O<sub>2</sub><sup>-</sup> and <sup>1</sup>O<sub>2</sub>. Four possible pathways of ENR degradation were provided, and the toxicity analysis predictions were applied to infer the validity of the PMS/XBSMBC process for the ENR solution treatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10019,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Research & Design","volume":"219 ","pages":"Pages 167-180"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144241476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Thermochemical hydrogen production from biomass via the water gas shift reaction and its purification: A review","authors":"Imed Eddi , Dounia Alihellal , Abdelmalek Bellal , Lemnouer Chibane","doi":"10.1016/j.cherd.2025.05.057","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cherd.2025.05.057","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The water-gas shift (WGS) process is an achievable way to meet concurrently the hydrogen production needs and enhanced CO<sub>2</sub> capture by increasing advances in hydrogen, carbon capture, and recycling to produce alternative fuels and limit the greenhouse effect. Since biomass processing is seen as renewable and environmentally friendly, it will be the main method utilized to manufacture hydrogen in addition to modern procedures like electrolysis and traditional processes that use fossil sources. The development of a single-stage approach could include novel, extremely effective reactor systems, which would contribute to considerable process intensification. In biomass production, membrane technology offers a practical and affordable solution for hydrogen separation and greenhouse gas collection. In this analysis, various methods for producing hydrogen from biomass are discussed. With an emphasis on the numerous separation technologies used in the WGS reaction for carbon dioxide separation and hydrogen purification, this study encapsulates a large portion of the scientific progress in certain important areas of the WGS reaction Such as catalysts for both high and low temperature WGS, as well as kinetics and thermodynamics, in addition to addressing the various types of reactors and membranes used in the process of separating and purifying hydrogen, and finally an economic study that reflects the role and importance of the method and its effectiveness in the industrial market.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10019,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Research & Design","volume":"219 ","pages":"Pages 367-387"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144307092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}