BioimagingPub Date : 2001-05-11DOI: 10.1002/1361-6374(199703)5:1<1::AID-BIO1>3.0.CO;2-0
Pu Chun Ke, X S Gan, Jakub Szajman, S Schilders, M Gu
{"title":"Optimizing the strength of an evanescent wave generated from a prism coated with a double-layer thin-film stack","authors":"Pu Chun Ke, X S Gan, Jakub Szajman, S Schilders, M Gu","doi":"10.1002/1361-6374(199703)5:1<1::AID-BIO1>3.0.CO;2-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/1361-6374(199703)5:1<1::AID-BIO1>3.0.CO;2-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The transmittance of an evanescent wave generated from a prism coated with a double-layer thin-film structure is optimized with respect to various physical parameters including the incident angle, the refractive index and the thickness of the layers, and the illumination wavelength. A prism coated with an optimized double-layer stack produces an enhanced evanescent wave with a transmittance of 963, which is 17% higher than the reported result.</p>","PeriodicalId":100176,"journal":{"name":"Bioimaging","volume":"5 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/1361-6374(199703)5:1<1::AID-BIO1>3.0.CO;2-0","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"137670538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BioimagingPub Date : 2001-05-11DOI: 10.1002/1361-6374(199703)5:1<40::AID-BIO4>3.0.CO;2-W
Z Kam, D A Agard, J W Sedat
{"title":"Three-dimensional microscopy in thick biological samples: A fresh approach for adjusting focus and correcting spherical aberration","authors":"Z Kam, D A Agard, J W Sedat","doi":"10.1002/1361-6374(199703)5:1<40::AID-BIO4>3.0.CO;2-W","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/1361-6374(199703)5:1<40::AID-BIO4>3.0.CO;2-W","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A modified optical system for the light microscope has been devised in order to remotely shift the focal plane and to manipulate the point spread function for any given objective lens. An adjustable telescope system is inserted into the microscope tube so as to move the intermediate image position, thus achieving two goals of fundamental importance for the three-dimensional imaging of biological samples. First, it allows the focus to be rapidly varied without actually moving the objective lens. This permits high throughput three-dimensional microscopy of living specimens. Secondly, it makes possible the compensation of objective lens spherical aberration. This distortion is especially significant when high numerical aperture objectives are utilized to image deep into thick specimens.</p>","PeriodicalId":100176,"journal":{"name":"Bioimaging","volume":"5 1","pages":"40-49"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/1361-6374(199703)5:1<40::AID-BIO4>3.0.CO;2-W","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"137670540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BioimagingPub Date : 2001-05-11DOI: 10.1002/1361-6374(199809)6:3<138::AID-BIO4>3.0.CO;2-8
L R van den Doel, A D Klein, S L Ellenberger, H Netten, F R Boddeke, L J van Vliet, I T Young
{"title":"Quantitative evaluation of light microscopes based on image processing techniques","authors":"L R van den Doel, A D Klein, S L Ellenberger, H Netten, F R Boddeke, L J van Vliet, I T Young","doi":"10.1002/1361-6374(199809)6:3<138::AID-BIO4>3.0.CO;2-8","DOIUrl":"10.1002/1361-6374(199809)6:3<138::AID-BIO4>3.0.CO;2-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In this note we will present methods based on image processing techniques to evaluate the performance of light microscopes. These procedures are applied to three different ‘high-end’ light microscopes. Tests are carried out to measure the homogeneity of the illumination system. From these tests it follows that Köhler illuminated images can have an exceedingly high amount of shading. Another result found from the illumination calibration is that traditional lamp housings are not designed to make fine-tuning easy. Next, the (automated) stage is considered. Several tests are performed to measure the stage motion in the <i>xy</i>-plane and in the axial direction to address accuracy, precision, and hysteresis effects. Finally, the entire electro-optical system is characterized by measuring the optical transfer function (OTF) at wavelengths 400 nm, 500 nm, 600 nm, and 700 nm. The results of these experiments show that there is a consistent deviation from the theoretical OTF at wavelengths around 400 nm. The final conclusion is that modern light microscopes perform better than their five-to-ten-year-old predecessors.</p>","PeriodicalId":100176,"journal":{"name":"Bioimaging","volume":"6 3","pages":"138-149"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/1361-6374(199809)6:3<138::AID-BIO4>3.0.CO;2-8","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72573435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BioimagingPub Date : 2001-05-11DOI: 10.1002/1361-6374(199709)5:3<129::AID-BIO6>3.0.CO;2-6
Goro Nishimura, Rudolf Rigler, Masataka Kinjo
{"title":"Number analysis of fluorescence correlation spectroscopy for the cleaving process of fluorescence labeled DNA","authors":"Goro Nishimura, Rudolf Rigler, Masataka Kinjo","doi":"10.1002/1361-6374(199709)5:3<129::AID-BIO6>3.0.CO;2-6","DOIUrl":"10.1002/1361-6374(199709)5:3<129::AID-BIO6>3.0.CO;2-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The cleaving process of rhodamine labeled DNA with T7-exonuclease was monitored using the fluorescence correlation method. The fluorescence correlation function, formulated so as to take into account the fluorescence efficiency of the fragment, was derived to allow analysis of the two-component system. The reaction was well represented by the two-component model, allowing monitoring of the progressive cleavage of DNA. The analysis yielded not only the size of the polymer fragment but also the efficiency of the incorporation of rhodamine and the ratio of its quantum yield in DNA and in solution.</p>","PeriodicalId":100176,"journal":{"name":"Bioimaging","volume":"5 3","pages":"129-133"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/1361-6374(199709)5:3<129::AID-BIO6>3.0.CO;2-6","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79353783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BioimagingPub Date : 2001-05-11DOI: 10.1002/1361-6374(199803)6:1<43::AID-BIO6>3.0.CO;2-F
M F Garcia-Parajo, J-A Veerman, S J T van Noort, B G de Grooth, J Greve, N F van Hulst
{"title":"Near-field optical microscopy for DNA studies at the single molecular level","authors":"M F Garcia-Parajo, J-A Veerman, S J T van Noort, B G de Grooth, J Greve, N F van Hulst","doi":"10.1002/1361-6374(199803)6:1<43::AID-BIO6>3.0.CO;2-F","DOIUrl":"10.1002/1361-6374(199803)6:1<43::AID-BIO6>3.0.CO;2-F","url":null,"abstract":"An aperture-type near-field optical microscope (NSOM) with two polarization detection channels has been used to image fluorescently labelled DNA with high spatial resolution and single molecule fluorescence sensitivity. The sample has been engineered such that there is only one rhodamine dye per DNA strand. Lateral and vertical DNA dimensions in the shear-force image are 14 +/- 2 nm and 1.4 +/- 0.2 nm, respectively. No sample deformation was observed under our imaging conditions. Near-field fluorescence imaging of individual fluorophores shows an optical resolution of 70 nm at full-width at half- maximum. Large intensity differences between individual rhodamine molecules attached to DNA are observed from the NSOM images. Statistics on rhodamine dyes in different environments (attached to glass, embedded in a polymer layer and attached to DNA) show bleaching rates of 10(-5). Total intensity line profiles together with in-plane angle orientation are used to characterize individual dyes. Rhodamine dyes show strong intensity fluctuations independent of the particular environment. These results are in contrast with the more stable photophysical behaviour as observed for carbocyanine molecules embedded in polymer matrices. The mobility of rhodamine-both lateral and rotational-is clearly influenced by its immediate surrounding and attachment to the surface.","PeriodicalId":100176,"journal":{"name":"Bioimaging","volume":"6 1","pages":"43-53"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/1361-6374(199803)6:1<43::AID-BIO6>3.0.CO;2-F","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79975553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BioimagingPub Date : 2001-05-11DOI: 10.1002/1361-6374(199812)6:4<177::AID-BIO3>3.0.CO;2-R
Martin Straub, Stefan W Hell
{"title":"Multifocal multiphoton microscopy: A fast and efficient tool for 3-D fluorescence imaging","authors":"Martin Straub, Stefan W Hell","doi":"10.1002/1361-6374(199812)6:4<177::AID-BIO3>3.0.CO;2-R","DOIUrl":"10.1002/1361-6374(199812)6:4<177::AID-BIO3>3.0.CO;2-R","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Multifocal multiphoton microscopy (MMM) is an efficient and technically simple method for generating multiphoton fluorescence images. Featuring the high axial resolution of confocal and multiphoton scanning microscopes, MMM also achieves high speed in 3-D microscopy. In this paper, examples of fast-mode 3-D microscopy are given including imaging of fixed brain tissue as well as living PC12 cells. The imaging speed of MMM is solely determined by the fluorescence photon flux, so that in practice, for brightly fluorescent specimens, a whole stack of about 50 images of 30–70 μm diameter can be acquired within a few seconds. MMM represents a significant advance towards high speed nonlinear optical tomography of fluorescent specimens.</p>","PeriodicalId":100176,"journal":{"name":"Bioimaging","volume":"6 4","pages":"177-185"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/1361-6374(199812)6:4<177::AID-BIO3>3.0.CO;2-R","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82818541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BioimagingPub Date : 2001-05-11DOI: 10.1002/1361-6374(199709)5:3<99::AID-BIO3>3.0.CO;2-W
T Ha, D S Chemla, Th Enderle, S Weiss
{"title":"Strategy for room temperature spectroscopy of single molecules","authors":"T Ha, D S Chemla, Th Enderle, S Weiss","doi":"10.1002/1361-6374(199709)5:3<99::AID-BIO3>3.0.CO;2-W","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/1361-6374(199709)5:3<99::AID-BIO3>3.0.CO;2-W","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) from single molecules at room temperature displays rich dynamics of reversible and irreversible transitions within the photodestruction lifetime of the molecule. In contrast to ensemble studies, these transitions are directly resolved when the fluorescence signal is monitored in time. We present a strategy and describe the instrumentation needed for spectroscopic studies on a large number of individual molecules. It is based on a computer controlled optical system which automatically and rapidly positions single molecules in the excitation volume of a confocal microscope and subsequently performs spectroscopic measurements. Examples for such spectroscopies are presented.</p>","PeriodicalId":100176,"journal":{"name":"Bioimaging","volume":"5 3","pages":"99-104"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/1361-6374(199709)5:3<99::AID-BIO3>3.0.CO;2-W","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"137670517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BioimagingPub Date : 2001-05-11DOI: 10.1002/1361-6374(199703)5:1<19::AID-BIO3>3.0.CO;2-B
Theodorus W J Gadella Jr, Thomas M Jovin
{"title":"Fast algorithms for the analysis of single and double exponential decay curves with a background term. Application to time-resolved imaging microscopy","authors":"Theodorus W J Gadella Jr, Thomas M Jovin","doi":"10.1002/1361-6374(199703)5:1<19::AID-BIO3>3.0.CO;2-B","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/1361-6374(199703)5:1<19::AID-BIO3>3.0.CO;2-B","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Computer programs have been developed to determine decay time constants from a temporal sequence of digitized images with decaying intensities characterized by either single or double exponentials plus a constant background term. The very fast algorithms are evaluated at every pixel position. A non-iterative Prony-like method provides high quality initial estimates that are used for the subsequent non-linear least-squares procedure in which the normal equations are solved directly. Error analysis routines enable a pixel-by-pixel estimation of the quality of the experimental data. The stand-alone programs were fully integrated into a commercial image-processing environment (SCIL-Image) for a convenient and optimal display of the decay analysis. The features of the programs are illustrated by the analysis of simulated image data. With current workstations, the fitting routines (including reading of data, initial estimate and error analysis) require 0.13 ms/pixel using the single exponential algorithm applied to 50 time points, and 1.37 ms/pixel for 100 time points and the double exponential algorithm. The programs are of general applicability and have been used to analyse data from time-resolved fluorescence, phosphorescence, and photobleaching-based microscopy. Two examples of the latter case are shown, illustrating the utility of the programs for the quantitative evaluation of spatially resolved fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) and for generating contrast by allocating specific cellular structures to particular decay components in a fluorescence image.</p>","PeriodicalId":100176,"journal":{"name":"Bioimaging","volume":"5 1","pages":"19-39"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/1361-6374(199703)5:1<19::AID-BIO3>3.0.CO;2-B","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"137670539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BioimagingPub Date : 1998-06-01DOI: 10.1002/1361-6374(199806)6:2<79::AID-BIO3>3.0.CO;2-#
T. Mouroutis, S. Roberts, A. Bharath
{"title":"Robust cell nuclei segmentation using statistical modelling","authors":"T. Mouroutis, S. Roberts, A. Bharath","doi":"10.1002/1361-6374(199806)6:2<79::AID-BIO3>3.0.CO;2-#","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/1361-6374(199806)6:2<79::AID-BIO3>3.0.CO;2-#","url":null,"abstract":"The objective analysis of cytological and histological images has been the subject of research for many years. One of the most difficult fields in histological image analysis is the automated segmentation of tissue-section images. We propose a multistage segmentation method for the isolation of cell nuclei in such images. In the first stage the compact Hough transform (CHT) is used to determine possible locations of the nuclei. We then define a likelihood function which enables us to perform an optimization procedure based on the maximization of this function. Global grey-level histogram information is used thoughout the algorithm to reduce the amount of computation and to reject unwanted artefacts. The algorithm is tested on connective tissue images with very encouraging results. Apart from detecting well-separated nuclei in the images, it performs well in separating dividing nuclei into likely substructures. At the same time the algorithm provides us with a measure of uncertainty along the detected boundary, in the form of the value of the likelihood function.","PeriodicalId":100176,"journal":{"name":"Bioimaging","volume":"52 1","pages":"79-91"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87280599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BioimagingPub Date : 1998-06-01DOI: 10.1002/1361-6374(199806)6:2<92::AID-BIO4>3.0.CO;2-F
S. Schilders, X. Gan, M. Gu
{"title":"Efficient suppression of diffusing photons using polarising annular objectives for microscopic imaging through turbid media","authors":"S. Schilders, X. Gan, M. Gu","doi":"10.1002/1361-6374(199806)6:2<92::AID-BIO4>3.0.CO;2-F","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/1361-6374(199806)6:2<92::AID-BIO4>3.0.CO;2-F","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100176,"journal":{"name":"Bioimaging","volume":"64 1","pages":"92-97"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85796895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}