Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics Plus最新文献

{"title":"Trends in chronic kidney disease-related mortality among older adults in the United States from 1999-2020","authors":"Hamza Ehtesham ,&nbsp;Ahmed Kamal Siddiqi ,&nbsp;Marium Omair Mirza ,&nbsp;Mushtaq Ahmad ,&nbsp;Rija Shakil","doi":"10.1016/j.aggp.2025.100161","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aggp.2025.100161","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>With increasing age in the United States, the disease burden of chronic kidney disease (CKD) has increased. The CKD-related mortality trends have not been explored for individuals aged ≥ 65 years. The aim of the study was to identify and evaluate the trends in sex, race, and region among CKD-related mortality in older adults.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Death records sourced from the CDC WONDER (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Wide-Ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research) database were used to analyze mortality trends of CKD in individuals aged ≥65 years from 1999 to 2020. We computed age-adjusted mortality rates (AAMRs) per 100,000 population and annual percent changes (APC) using Joinpoint software. The analysis was structured according to year, sex, race/ethnicity, and geographical regions.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>From 1999 to 2020, there were 1,572,057 CKD-related deaths. The age-adjusted mortality rate (AAMR) rose from 1999 to 2005, declined until 2009, surged from 2009 to 2012, fell in 2015, and increased again in 2020. Men had a higher AAMR (225) than women (136.3). Non-Hispanic Black or African Americans experienced the highest AAMR (319.2), followed by NH American Indian or Alaska Native (229.5), Hispanic (178.5), NH white (154.5), and NH Asian or Pacific Islander (144.1). Regionally, AAMR was highest in the Midwest (184.6) and lower in non-metropolitan areas (133.3) compared to metropolitan areas (126.3).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>CKD-related mortality is rising among U.S. adults ≥ 65, especially in non-Hispanic African American males in the Midwest and rural areas. Screening high-risk individuals can enable early detection and lower mortality rates.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100119,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics Plus","volume":"2 3","pages":"Article 100161"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144090520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Social factors and nutritional health in aging","authors":"Liang-Kung Chen MD, PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.aggp.2025.100167","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aggp.2025.100167","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100119,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics Plus","volume":"2 2","pages":"Article 100167"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144135086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global research trends on subtypes of Parkinson's disease: A visual bibliometric analysis","authors":"Yan Su ,&nbsp;Sheng Cai ,&nbsp;Yang Xu ,&nbsp;Xianwen Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.aggp.2025.100166","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aggp.2025.100166","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Object</h3><div>Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease with different subtypes. More accurate subtype classification is significant for understanding the pathogenesis of PD, predicting disease progression, and selecting effective treatment methods. A bibliometric analysis of relevant research on PD subtypes is presented in this study.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Original research and review articles related to PD subtypes from January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2024 were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection (WOSCC) database. After screening, 2213 articles were obtained. Statistical analysis and visualization of country, institution, author, journal, and keyword information contained in the studies were performed using CiteSpace (v6.2. R4) and VOSviewer (v1.6.20.0) software to identify research hotspots and trends in the field.</div></div><div><h3>Result</h3><div>The 2213 articles used in this study were from 11740 authors from 3117 institutions in 93 countries and published in 481 journals. From the analysis, it was found that the number of annual publications in this field has been increasing year by year in the past 10 years. The United States contributed the most to this research direction, with the largest number of publications (604) and citations (31, 284), and the strongest connection with other countries. 'Motor disorder ' is the most frequently cited journal, and ' Parkinson 's disease-related disorder ' is the most frequently published journal. \"Parkinson's Disease\", \"Dementia\", \"Subtypes\", and \"Progress\" are frequently used keywords, while \"Rem sleep\", \"networs\", and \"machine learning\" are the focus of research in recent years.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The bibliometric analysis offers a comprehensive insight into present research focal points and evolving patterns associated with PD subtypes. High-frequency keywords pinpointed underscore dynamic research fields encompassing methodologies, mechanisms, and engaged populations. These findings can provide guidance for future research on PD subtypes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100119,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics Plus","volume":"2 3","pages":"Article 100166"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144072473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Delirium in the emergency department: Incidence and risk factors in a Ligurian hospital","authors":"Thomas Fraccalini ,&nbsp;Andrea Trogolo ,&nbsp;Monica Traversa ,&nbsp;Beatrice Tarozzo ,&nbsp;Luciano Cardinale ,&nbsp;Giuseppe Maina ,&nbsp;Salvatore Di Gioia ,&nbsp;Davide Minniti ,&nbsp;Ivana Finiguerra ,&nbsp;Roberta Vacchelli ,&nbsp;Martina Battaglia ,&nbsp;Angelica Ruggeri ,&nbsp;Valerio Ricci ,&nbsp;Alessandro Maraschi ,&nbsp;Thomas Roberts ,&nbsp;Giovanni Volpicelli ,&nbsp;Luca Tagliafico","doi":"10.1016/j.aggp.2025.100165","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aggp.2025.100165","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Delirium, a severe neuropsychiatric syndrome characterised by acute deficits in attention and self-awareness, is common among elderly inpatients, with incidence increasing with age and prolonged hospitalisation. This study examines the characteristics of geriatric patients developing delirium in the Emergency Medicine Department, focusing on the relationship between frailty at admission and delirium onset, and how these factors influence hospitalisation decisions and prognosis.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A prospective, observational study was conducted on patients aged 65+ admitted to the Emergency Department for over 24 hours. Comorbidities (e.g., dementia, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, COPD, depression, Parkinson’s) and pharmacological therapies (e.g., antipsychotics, antidepressants) were recorded. Frailty was assessed using the Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Among 89 patients (mean age 83.94; 48 women, 41 men), 66.29 % developed delirium, 76.40 % required hospitalisation, and 31.46 % died during their stay. Significant associations were found between delirium and age (<em>p</em> = 0.0025), antipsychotic use (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.0001), CFS score (<em>p</em> = 0.014), and number of medications at admission (<em>p</em> = 0.009). Delirium was also significantly linked to Alzheimer’s disease (<em>p</em> = 0.0033), other dementias (<em>p</em> = 0.0021), anxiety-depressive disorders (<em>p</em> = 0.004), behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.0001), and mortality (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.0001).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Frailty and delirium are critical factors influencing hospitalisation and prognosis in elderly patients. The study highlights the importance of early frailty assessment and medication review in the Emergency Department to mitigate delirium risk and improve outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100119,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics Plus","volume":"2 2","pages":"Article 100165"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143922960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advancing life expectancy in Saudi Arabia: insights from global best practices","authors":"Hala Alosaimi ,&nbsp;Haitham Alnouri ,&nbsp;Ibrahim Alasiri ,&nbsp;Saad Almushawah ,&nbsp;Mansour Mohammed ,&nbsp;Ameera Abdulrahman ,&nbsp;Rana A. Alotaibi ,&nbsp;Rasha Alfawaz ,&nbsp;Abdulaziz Abdulbaqi ,&nbsp;Weam Banjar ,&nbsp;Tareef Alaama ,&nbsp;Mariam M. AlEissa","doi":"10.1016/j.aggp.2025.100163","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aggp.2025.100163","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Life expectancy is an important indicator of societal health and development. Social and economic determinants of health, political stability, and public policies frequently influence outcomes. Saudi Arabia has made significant strides in improving its population's life expectancy, and the overall trajectory is upwards and positive. Nevertheless, Saudi Arabia continues to face challenges related to controlling noncommunicable diseases. (NCDs), health disparities, and behavioral factors. This study aims to explore global best practices for improving life expectancy and establish recommendations for Saudi policy makers in the health industry and related stakeholders.</div></div><div><h3>Methodology</h3><div>A robust comparative analysis was used to evaluate the impact of global best practices with respect to the accessibility, efficiency and affordability of different national healthcare systems. It also addresses social determinants of health. Moreover, it looks at national health policies and preventative measures. The primary data sources used include peer-reviewed literature databases such as PubMed, the Lancet and Springer. The data were also derived from reports of global health organizations, such as the WHO, World Bank and OECD publications. The key indicators analysed included healthcare access, cultural/social awareness, education, nutrition, lifestyle, and socioeconomic factors. An online comprehensive questionnaire was sent to analyse data collected from people currently living in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>We introduce several recommendations after looking into countries with high longevity rates. <strong>We highlight</strong> the need to adopt evidence-based practices to increase life expectancy in Saudi Arabia. New strategies promoting healthy lifestyles through education, regulating unhealthy products, promoting regular physical activity, integrating mental health into primary health, encouraging plant-based diets and improving preventive healthcare are needed. To achieve a healthier and longer-living population aligning with the Kingdom's vision, cultural and socioeconomic barriers should be further addressed by incorporating stress management practices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100119,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics Plus","volume":"2 2","pages":"Article 100163"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144106909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"\"Caring for Oneself Program\": Protocol for a randomized controlled trial of an online positive psychoeducational intervention for informal caregivers of older adults","authors":"Akemi Matsuzawa ,&nbsp;Yoko Moriyama ,&nbsp;Tomoko Wakui ,&nbsp;Manami Ochi ,&nbsp;Hideto Takahashi","doi":"10.1016/j.aggp.2025.100162","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aggp.2025.100162","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Informal caregivers of older adults, particularly those in their 30s–50 s, often experience stress and lower level of well-being compared to those in other age groups. Considering their crucial role and the challenges they face, there is an increasing need for targeted interventions to support their well-being. To address this, we developed a novel intervention using an online positive psychoeducational program for these caregivers. This study aimed to develop and evaluate the effect of this program on the subjective well-being and quality of life (QOL) through a randomized controlled trial (RCT) to refine the intervention and research delivery.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This program was developed following the Intervention Mapping (IM) framework for intervention development, comprising six stages. The program consisted of eight sessions delivered over two months. The trial is designed as a two-arm RCT with balanced randomization of 350:150, where participants will either participate in the online-based psychoeducational program or receive a leaflet summarizing the program's contents after all surveys are completed, for a 1:1 ratio of participants who complete the program. The primary outcome measure is the subjective well-being of informal caregivers. Secondary outcomes include QOL, authenticity, self-compassion, strength knowledge, strength use, resilience, loneliness, emotional exhaustion and caregiver burden.</div></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><div>This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of an online intervention program and to evaluate mechanisms of change, and contextual factors that could potentially affect its implementation and outcomes. If proven effectiveness, this program can contribute to new methods that enhance subjective well-being of informal caregivers of older adults.</div></div><div><h3>Trial registration</h3><div>UMIN Clinical Trials Registry (UMIN000056353); registration date: December 6, 2024.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100119,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics Plus","volume":"2 2","pages":"Article 100162"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143869273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predictive value of self-prioritized mobility factors on gait speed and life space in older nigerians: A cross-sectional study","authors":"Divine Esohe Eghomwanre ,&nbsp;Freeman Ojeikere Ahonsi ,&nbsp;Isreal Adandom ,&nbsp;Tyler Sun ,&nbsp;Daniel Rayner ,&nbsp;Francis Kolawole ,&nbsp;Henrietta Fawole ,&nbsp;Soroush Shirazi ,&nbsp;Michael Kalu","doi":"10.1016/j.aggp.2025.100164","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aggp.2025.100164","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and Objectives</h3><div>Eighty-two cognitive, environmental, financial, personal, physical, psychological, and social factors significantly influence mobility decline following hospital discharge. However, assessing all these factors during the fast-paced discharge process is impractical. This study aimed to identify the factors that Nigerian older adults consider most critical and determine which factors (in combination) most realistically predict gait speed and life space among these Nigerian older adults.</div></div><div><h3>Research Design and Methods</h3><div>This is data from a cross-sectional survey that recruited 400 Nigerian older adults, 60+ years old, to rank 82 factors influencing mobility. Older adults' gait speed and life-space mobility were collected using the 10-meter Walk Test and Life Space Assessment. Multivariate binary logistic regression was used to determine the most realistic predictor of gait speed and life-space mobility.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>No factors were considered critical by the older adults. The life space model indicates that increased street characteristics, social cohesion, occupation, hearing, gait speed, fear of falling, and conscientiousness accounts for approximately 50% of variations in life space. The gait speed model indicates that an increase in executive function, pain, respiratory system, body composition, fatigue, social factors, racial characteristics, marital status, social network, and fear of reinjury explain about 74 % of variation in gait speed.</div></div><div><h3>Discussion and Implications</h3><div>This study provides self-reported factors that could influence older adults' mobility following discharge that would allow clinicians to prioritize factors for assessment amidst multiple factors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100119,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics Plus","volume":"2 2","pages":"Article 100164"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143869272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mapping knowledge landscapes and emerging trends in digital biomarkers for dementia in older adults: A scoping and bibliometric analysis","authors":"Azliyana Azizan ,&nbsp;Shihua Cao ,&nbsp;Akehsan Dahlan ,&nbsp;Susi Endrini","doi":"10.1016/j.aggp.2025.100148","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aggp.2025.100148","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper presents a systematic bibliometric analysis of the research landscape at the intersection of Alzheimer's disease and gerontechnology, identifying key contributors, research hotspots, and emerging trends. Utilizing data from Scopus and Web of Science, the study applies tools such as VOSviewer and ScientoPy to analyze co-authorship networks, keyword occurrences, and citation trends. The results reveal growing contributions from global regions, particularly the U.S., Italy, and China, with increasing emphasis on assistive technologies and artificial intelligence for early diagnosis. However, significant gaps exist, especially in studies addressing long-term effectiveness and inclusivity across demographic groups. This landscape analysis provides crucial insights to guide future research on integrating technology into Alzheimer's care, underscoring the importance of a patient-centered approach for sustainable solutions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100119,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics Plus","volume":"2 2","pages":"Article 100148"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143807002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Positive spousal interactions as a mediator between perceived neighborhood disorder and depressive symptoms among married/partnered adults","authors":"Seungjong Cho ,&nbsp;Aloen L. Townsend","doi":"10.1016/j.aggp.2025.100160","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aggp.2025.100160","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>This cross-sectional study aimed to test the mediating role of positive spousal interactions linking perceived neighborhood disorder and depressive symptoms and whether this model varied by gender.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and Methods</h3><div>The current study analyzed 2008 married/partnered adults ages 50 and older from the 2018 Health and Retirement Study (<em>n</em> = 1059 females and <em>n</em> = 949 males) using a full-information maximum likelihood structural equation model. Perceived neighborhood disorder was measured as a composite score of physical and social disorder, while depressive symptoms were assessed using the CES-D8 scale. The sample had a mean age of 66.7 years.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Higher perceived neighborhood disorder was related to lower positive spousal interactions and higher depressive symptoms for both males and females. Lower positive spousal interactions were also associated with higher depressive symptoms for both genders. This study identified a significant mediation effect whereby one path through which perceived neighborhood disorder adversely affects depressive symptoms is through lower positive spousal interactions. This mediation effect was significant for both males and females.</div></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><div>Results supported the mediating role of spousal support as a vulnerable psychosocial resource in the stress process theory. Implications for improving depressive symptoms in midlife and older adults living in stressful neighborhoods are discussed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100119,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics Plus","volume":"2 2","pages":"Article 100160"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143807003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of epicardial adipose tissue in atrial fibrillation as an age-related disease","authors":"Takahiro Kamihara ,&nbsp;Shinji Kaneko ,&nbsp;Ken Tanaka ,&nbsp;Takuya Omura ,&nbsp;Atsuya Shimizu","doi":"10.1016/j.aggp.2025.100159","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aggp.2025.100159","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>The pathogenesis underlying atrial fibrillation (AF) and the involvement of epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) in AI have been previously reported.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>To investigate the potential role of EAT in AF by comparing gene expression profiles in left atrial and EAT samples. Public gene expression datasets from patients with AF and normal sinus rhythm were analyzed to identify genes upregulated in both tissues and those specific to each tissue. Network analysis tools were used to uncover hub and bottleneck genes potentially relevant for AF development.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Thirty-one genes were upregulated in both left atrium and EAT samples. Endothelin 1 (EDN1) and fibroblast growth factor 1 (FGF1) were identified as potential hub or bottleneck genes associated with vascular function. Additionally, genes related to collagen and ribosomes were enriched in left atrium and EAT samples, respectively.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>EDN1 and FGF1, potentially secreted from EAT, might play a role in AF development by affecting the left atrium through endocrine or paracrine mechanisms. Further research is needed to confirm these findings and elucidate the specific pathways involved.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100119,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics Plus","volume":"2 2","pages":"Article 100159"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143821150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}