Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics Plus最新文献

{"title":"Classificating middle-aged and older adults through physiological and functional measures","authors":"Veysel Alcan Ph.D","doi":"10.1016/j.aggp.2025.100212","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aggp.2025.100212","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Aging affects the functional capacity of individuals by causing gradual changes in metabolic, gait, balance and muscle functions. Identifying these changes between middle-aged (45–64) and older (≥65) adults is critical to understanding the biological and functional effects of aging. This study aims to evaluate the differences between middle-aged and older adults in an objective and scalable manner by analyzing metabolic indicators, gait parameters, balance measurements and muscle functions using machine learning (ML) methods. In this study, 57 high-dimensional variables from the MIDUS dataset including gait parameters (e.g. gait speed, cadence, cycle time), muscle function, balance measurements (e.g. path length, swing area), bone mineral density and bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy markers were used. Supervised ML models were applied to classify the age groups: Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA), Principal Component Analysis-Linear Discriminant Analysis (PCA-LDA), Support Vector Machine (SVM), and k-Nearest Neighbors (k-NN). Venetian blind cross-validation approach was applied to evaluate the model performance. Among the models, SVM showed the highest classification accuracy (87 %) on the training data and 77 % accuracy on the testing data. PLS-DA model achieved 82 % accuracy in training and 86 % in testing. While k-NN model showed 87 % accuracy in training, it dropped to 68 % in testing. In terms of sensitivity and specificity values, SVM showed the best performance (96 % sensitivity, 67 % specificity - training; 86 % sensitivity, 55 % specificity - test), while PLS-DA and PCA-LDA models exhibited similar trends. The results show that walking speed, cadence, and balance measurements provide significant contributions to age group discrimination. These findings highlight the role of neuromuscular and physiological factors in functional decline due to aging, demonstrating the potential of machine learning-based classification in aging research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100119,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics Plus","volume":"2 4","pages":"Article 100212"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145220127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sex differences in risk factors among Alzheimer's dementia patients with metabolic encephalopathy","authors":"Dami Taiwo Ojo ,&nbsp;Philip Xavier Broughton ,&nbsp;Adebobola I Nathaniel ,&nbsp;Nathan Gerhard Faulstich ,&nbsp;James Wayne Patterson ,&nbsp;Killian Joseph Bucci ,&nbsp;Danny Ngoc Pham ,&nbsp;Philip Cole Brewer ,&nbsp;Sammy Hilmi Omar ,&nbsp;Laurie Roley ,&nbsp;Connor John O’Brien ,&nbsp;Timi Kehinde Ojo ,&nbsp;Emmanuel I Nathaniel ,&nbsp;Richard L. Goodwin ,&nbsp;Thomas I. Nathaniel","doi":"10.1016/j.aggp.2025.100213","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aggp.2025.100213","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Background&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Differences in risk factors and demographics may explain sex differences in Alzheimer’s dementia patients with metabolic encephalopathy (ADME). This study aims to identify the different risk factors in the population of ADME patients and determine whether these factors differ between male and female ADME patients.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Method&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Sex differences in risk factors for Alzheimer dementia (AD) were assessed using retrospective data analysis. The univariate analysis was used to determine differences in risk factors for male and female AD patients. Multivariate analysis predicted specific risk factors associated with male and female AD patients.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Results&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;In the adjusted analysis, ADME patients that present with hypertension (OR(odd ratio) = 1.102, 95 % confidence interval(CI), 1.010–1.203, &lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; = 0.029), peripheral vascular disease (od(OR) = 2.075, 95 % CI, 1.769–2.434, &lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; = &lt;0.001), atrial fibrillation (OR = 1.507, 95 % CI, 1.297–1.751, &lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; = &lt;0.001), hallucinations (OR = 2.052, 95 % CI, 1.242–3.390, &lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; = &lt;0.001), thyroid disease (OR = 7.762, 95 % CI, 3.721–16.189, &lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; = &lt;0.001), traumatic head injury (OR = 13.754, 95 % CI, 7.361–25.699, &lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; = &lt;0.001), pneumonia (OR = 1.271, 95 % CI, 1.144–1.413, &lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; = &lt;0.001), and have a history of alcohol use (OR = 1.877, 95 % CI, 1.709–2.061, &lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; = &lt;0.001) were more likely to be males. In contrast, AD patients that present with osteoporosis (OR = 0.317, 95 % CI, 0.266–0.377, &lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; = &lt;0.001), cancer (OR = 0.526, 95 % CI, 0.362–0.765, &lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; = &lt;0.001), anxiety (OR = 0.518, 95 % CI, 0.443–0.605, &lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; = &lt;0.001), urinary tract infection (OR = 0.355, 95 % CI, 0.311–0.404, &lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; = &lt;0.001), upper respiratory infection (OR = 0.061, 95 % CI, 0.033–0.111, &lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; = &lt;0.001), secondary dementia (OR = 0.435, 95 % CI, 0.242–0.781, &lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; = &lt;0.001), gastrointestinal ulceration (OR = 0.07, 95 % CI, 0.025–0.195, &lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; = &lt;0.001), chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder (OR = 0.834, 95 % CI, 0.733–0.949, &lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; = &lt;0.001), treated with SSRI (OR = 0.834, 95 % CI, 0.761–0.915, &lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; = &lt;0.001) including buspirone (OR = 0.624, 95 % CI, 0.546–0.715, &lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; = &lt;0.001) were more likely to be females.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Conclusions&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;In our findings, females were more likely to have osteoporosis, cancer, anxiety, urinary tract infection, upper respiratory infection, secondary dementia, gastrointestinal ulceration, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder than males. In contrast, men were more likely to have hypertension, atrial fibrillation, peripheral vascular disorder, hallucination, thyroid diseases, traumatic brain injury, pneumonia, and alcohol abuse than females. The clinical implications of our findings underscore the importance of recognizing sex differences in patients with ADME, as they may provide va","PeriodicalId":100119,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics Plus","volume":"2 4","pages":"Article 100213"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145220125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of single and dual sensory impairments on cognitive function and psychological well-being among older adults in Upper Egypt","authors":"Rasha Ahmed Fouad ,&nbsp;Esteer Ibrahim Ghayth ,&nbsp;Safaa Mostafa Abdeen ,&nbsp;Sanaa Mostafa Khalifa","doi":"10.1016/j.aggp.2025.100209","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aggp.2025.100209","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Dual sensory impairment (DSI), involving both vision and hearing loss, is increasingly recognized as a significant contributor to poor psychological health and cognitive decline in older adults. However, evidence from resource-limited settings, such as Upper Egypt, remains scarce.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study aimed to examine the associations between single and dual sensory impairments and cognitive function, depression, anxiety, and loneliness among community-dwelling older adults in Upper Egypt.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted with 100 adults aged ≥60 years attending ophthalmology and audiology clinics at Sohag University Hospital. Validated tools were used to assess depression (Geriatric Depression Scale-15, GDS-15), anxiety (Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7, GAD-7), loneliness (University of California, Los Angeles Loneliness Scale, UCLA-LS), and cognitive function (Mini-Mental State Examination, MMSE). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, ANOVA, independent <em>t</em>-tests, and Pearson correlation coefficients.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Among participants, 52 % had vision impairment, 21 % had hearing impairment, and 27 % reported dual sensory loss. A high prevalence of adverse psychological and cognitive outcomes was observed: 81.3 % reported moderate to severe depression, 89 % mild to moderate anxiety, 49 % high loneliness, and 80 % cognitive impairment. Dual sensory impairment was significantly associated with worse psychological outcomes (p&lt;.001), but no significant differences in cognitive scores were found across sensory impairment types.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Dual sensory loss is strongly associated with increased depression, anxiety, and loneliness among older adults in Upper Egypt. These findings underscore the critical need for integrated screening and targeted intervention strategies within geriatric care, especially in underserved regions like Upper Egypt, to improve the well-being of this vulnerable population.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100119,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics Plus","volume":"2 4","pages":"Article 100209"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145220123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Caregiver burden, job stress, and coping strategies in work–family conflict among sandwiched caregivers in long-term care settings: A cross-sectional study","authors":"Ayumi Honda Ph.D.","doi":"10.1016/j.aggp.2025.100208","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aggp.2025.100208","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Longer life expectancy, along with the delay of marriage and childbearing, has led to an increase in the number of sandwiched caregivers. Employees who are responsible for both childcare and eldercare are more likely to experience work- and caregiving-related stress, which can result in work–family conflict. However, sandwiched caregivers who adopt caregiving-related coping strategies may experience lower conflict between work and family. This exploratory study aimed to investigate the associations of caregiver burden, job stress, and coping strategies with work–family conflict among sandwiched caregivers, and to examine whether caregiving-related coping strategies are associated with lower such conflict.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This cross-sectional study was conducted using a self-administered questionnaire. The study participants were 72 sandwiched caregivers working in long-term care settings in Japan. All participants had at least one parent aged 65 years or older and were rearing at least one child younger than 18 years. Simple linear regression analysis was performed to assess the associations of work-to-family and family-to-work conflict with caregiver characteristics, caregiving tasks, caregiver burden, job stress, and caregiving-related coping strategies.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Greater caregiver burden and job overload were both commonly associated with work-to-family and family-to-work conflict. In addition, having caregiving-related strategies and behaviors in seeking assistance from others was associated with lower work-to-family conflict.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Individual coping strategies alone may not be sufficient to promote caregiver well-being. Therefore, maintaining social connections for formal and informal support, as well as implementing flextime or providing a flexible workplace for family-supportive practices, may also be necessary.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100119,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics Plus","volume":"2 4","pages":"Article 100208"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145220124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The multifactorial nature of Alzheimer’s disease: A review of diverse determinants and the essential role of multimodal machine learning","authors":"Hesameddin Mostaghimi ,&nbsp;Daniel A. Cohen ,&nbsp;Hamid. R. Okhravi ,&nbsp;Bahar Niknejad ,&nbsp;Michel A. Audette","doi":"10.1016/j.aggp.2025.100207","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aggp.2025.100207","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the most prevalent form of dementia, arises from a complex interplay of determinants, including neurological and cognitive impairments, molecular and genetic markers, systemic comorbidities, and lifestyle-related factors. While traditional research has often focused on individual or narrow sets of determinants, recent advancements highlight the necessity of examining these diverse contributors in unison. In addition, the rapid growth of heterogeneous multimodal data in healthcare necessitates sophisticated analytical frameworks. In this review, we first summarize the evidence on the broad spectrum of AD risk factors and mechanisms, and then discuss the necessity and potential of multimodal machine learning (ML) techniques in integrating complex datasets, which could ultimately lead to personalized therapeutic strategies for this disease. This narrative review qualitatively synthesizes 250 peer-reviewed studies published between 2010 and 2024.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100119,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics Plus","volume":"2 4","pages":"Article 100207"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145220126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Personalized multi-modal interfaces for cognitive aging: A narrative review of design and technological innovations","authors":"Riya Bhattacharya ,&nbsp;Debajyoti Bose ,&nbsp;Raul V. Rodriguez ,&nbsp;Hemachandran K ,&nbsp;Kashif R. Siddique","doi":"10.1016/j.aggp.2025.100206","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aggp.2025.100206","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This narrative review examines the design and execution of adaptive multi-modal interfaces aimed at improving autonomy and cognitive health in aging populations. This is a pressing necessity as the worldwide demographic of those aged 65 and older is anticipated to exceed 1.5 billion by 2050. By incorporating modalities like as speech, touch, gesture, and haptic feedback, these interfaces adaptively customize interactions to accommodate age-related sensory, motor, and cognitive impairments. This review integrates interdisciplinary literature from human-computer interaction, gerontology, and artificial intelligence, synthesizing evidence on cognitive and functional requirements, user-centred design principles, and enabling technologies such as wearable sensors and AI-driven predictive models. This demonstrates 95 % accuracy in predicting user preferences. It emphasizes that tailored interfaces enhance usability by 30 % for older adults and facilitate independent living, especially for individuals with mild cognitive impairment. This evaluation is presented due to the increasing demand for accessible technologies that address accessibility disparities and foster equitable cognitive engagement among various aging demographics. Additionally, this work also identifies research gaps, including the necessity for longitudinal studies and unbiased algorithms, thereby offering a thorough framework for advancements in adaptive systems. It underscores ethical considerations such as data privacy and cultural sensitivity to promote inclusive design.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100119,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics Plus","volume":"2 4","pages":"Article 100206"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145057101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Restrictions in community-based care services and the effect on family caregivers during the COVID-19 pandemic: A mixed-methods study","authors":"Ayumi Honda Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Yin Liu Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Mayo Ono Ph.D ,&nbsp;Takahiro Nishida R.N ,&nbsp;Tatsuya Tsukigi ,&nbsp;Elizabeth B. Fauth Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Sumihisa Honda Ph.D.","doi":"10.1016/j.aggp.2025.100205","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aggp.2025.100205","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>This mixed-methods study aimed to examine the effects of restrictions in the utilization of community-based care services on family caregivers during the COVID-19 pandemic.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We recruited from community-based care services 200 family caregivers who were living with an older care recipient. We first conducted thematic analyses based on open-ended responses to questions regarding the impact of restrictions in the utilization of community-based care services. We then extracted themes to examine and determine patterns across caregiving characteristics. Next, we conducted linear regression analysis to examine associations between impact of restrictions and caregiving contexts.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>We identified 11 themes regarding the impact of restrictions in the utilization of community-based care services. Most frequently reported impact included “the family caregiver cannot bathe the older person at home” and that “the family caregiver cannot go to work/income decreases”. Caregiver employment, more caregiving tasks, and more behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia of the care recipient were associated with harmful impacts resulting from restrictions in the utilization of community-based care services.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>During the COVID-19 pandemic, family caregivers sometimes felt ill equipped to provide home care. Caregiver employment, more caregiving tasks, and more BPSD were factors associated with the negative impact from restricted community-based care service use.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100119,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics Plus","volume":"2 4","pages":"Article 100205"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145095970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Examining rural-urban differences in pain-depression comorbidity and its association with elder abuse: Multivariable decomposition analysis of nationally representative cross-sectional survey","authors":"Hemant Singh Gurjar ,&nbsp;Anita Mehta","doi":"10.1016/j.aggp.2025.100204","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aggp.2025.100204","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>This study investigates rural–urban differences in Pain-Depression Comorbidity (PDC) and its association with elder abuse among older adults in India. It aims to identify the socio-demographic, functional and behavioural health predictors contributing to PDC and elder abuse.</div></div><div><h3>Data and methods</h3><div>Data were drawn from LASI, 2017–18 survey, comprising 30,772 individuals aged 60+. Pain, depressive symptoms (CES-D-10) and elder abuse were defined based on self-reported data. Covariates on socio-demographic, functional and behavioural health were included. Descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, nested-multilevel logistic-regression models and multivariable-decomposition analysis were used to quantify rural–urban disparities in PDC.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The prevalence of PDC was higher among rural older adults (15 %) compared to their urban counterparts (11 %). A significant association between elder abuse and PDC was observed in both rural and urban areas. The odds of experiencing PDC were significantly higher among individuals reporting elder abuse, with a stronger association in urban areas (AOR = 2.53) than in rural areas (AOR = 1.78). Decomposition analysis shows that 66 % of the rural–urban gap in PDC was attributed to differences in observed characteristics, particularly education, caste, functional health, living arrangement and elder abuse.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This study offers important insights into the interrelationship between elder abuse and PDC in India, revealing substantial rural–urban disparities. The findings highlight the urgent need for residence-specific public health strategies to address the dual burden of pain and depression among older adults. Targeted interventions, especially in rural areas, should focus on education, functional-health and the prevention of elder abuse.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100119,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics Plus","volume":"2 4","pages":"Article 100204"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145010353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changes in physical and social activities during and a post-COVID-19: A five-year panel survey (2020–2025)","authors":"Minoru Yamada ,&nbsp;Yusuke Terao ,&nbsp;Iwao Kojima ,&nbsp;Shu Tanaka ,&nbsp;Hiroki Saegusa ,&nbsp;Miho Nambu ,&nbsp;Shiho Soma ,&nbsp;Hiroki Matsumoto ,&nbsp;Masaya Saito ,&nbsp;Kohei Okawa ,&nbsp;Naoto Haga ,&nbsp;Hidenori Arai","doi":"10.1016/j.aggp.2025.100203","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aggp.2025.100203","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has severely affected physical activity (PA) and social activity (SA) in older adults. In Japan, both PA and SA were restricted during the pandemic, and both began to recover after 2021 based on changes in the social climate. This study aimed to explore the trajectories of PA and SA among older adults during the pandemic and post-COVID-19 periods with a five-year follow-up period from 2020 to 2025.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The study participants included 610 community-dwelling older adults from Japan’s urban prefectures who completed an annual online survey assessing PA and SA. PA was measured using the Short Form of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire, SA was evaluated using a social activity score. Changes in total PA duration and total SA scores from 2020 to 2025 were analyzed.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>By 2023, PA has recovered fully, with the total PA time returning to pre-pandemic levels. The frequency of shopping and health promotion activities also increased during this period. However, SA remained low until 2025, showing a slower recovery than that of PA. By 2025, participation in activities such as volunteer and hobby groups will return to pre-pandemic levels, while engagement in neighborhood associations, town events, and jobs will remain limited.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>PA and SA significantly declined during the pandemic but showed a recovery trend post-2021. Although PA has fully recovered, SA remains partially restricted as of 2025, emphasizing the need for continuous efforts to promote social engagement among older adults in the post-COVID-19 era.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100119,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics Plus","volume":"2 4","pages":"Article 100203"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144903529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sociodemographic factors and psychotropic medication use among Alzheimer’s dementia patients diagnosed with normal pressure hydrocephalus and mild cognitive impairment: Sex variation in a retrospective cohort analysis","authors":"Oluranti Omolara Babalola ,&nbsp;Adebobola Imeh-Nathaniel ,&nbsp;Emmanuel I Nathaniel ,&nbsp;Samuel I Nathaniel ,&nbsp;Richard L. Goodwin ,&nbsp;Laurie Theriot Roley ,&nbsp;Ohmar Win ,&nbsp;Thomas I. Nathaniel","doi":"10.1016/j.aggp.2025.100202","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aggp.2025.100202","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study aimed to examine the relationship between sociodemographic factors, psychotropic medication, and Alzheimer’s Dementia (AD) in patients with a history of Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus (ADNPH) and Mild Cognitive Impairment (ADMCI) and how it varies by sex, using the Social Determinants of Health (SDH) model.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>The study analyzed 33,735 patients who presented with ADMCI (<em>n</em> = 33,064) or ADNPH (<em>n</em> = 671) between February 2016 and August 2021 at Prisma Health-Upstate. Multivariable logistic regression identified key factors associated with ADNPH and ADMCI, including age, race, and medication use.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>African Americans (OR = 0.388, 95 % CI: 0.277–0.542), individuals with a history of tobacco use (OR = 1.175, 95 % CI: 1.004–1.375), and those treated with buspirone (OR = 1.415, 95 % CI: 1.116–1.794) were associated with ADNPH, whereas treatment with risperidone (OR = 0.217, 95 % CI: 0.103–0.459) was linked to ADMCI. In sex-stratified analyses, males with ADNPH were more likely to report a history of tobacco use (OR = 1.818, 95 % CI: 1.370–2.411, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001) and treated with citalopram (OR = 2.102, 95 % CI: 1.561–2.831, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001). Males with ADMCI were more frequently African Americans (OR = 0.312, 95 % CI: 0.174–0.559, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001) and reported alcohol use (OR = 0.685, 95 % CI: 0.531–0.885, <em>p</em> = 0.004). Among females, ADNPH were associated with alcohol use (OR = 1.684, 95 % CI: 1.359–2.087, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001) and treated with aripiprazole (OR = 1.690, 95 % CI: 1.163–2.458, <em>p</em> = 0.006) or memantine (OR = 1.752, 95 % CI: 1.283–2.392, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001). Females with ADMCI were African Americans (OR = 0.470, 95 % CI: 0.311–0.710, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001) and treated with donepezil (OR = 0.552, 95 % CI: 0.399–0.765, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001) or risperidone (OR = 0.046, 95 % CI: 0.006–0.330, <em>p</em> = 0.002).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Our findings highlight the need for targeted interventions that address social factors, psychotropic medication access, and disparities in healthcare to improve outcomes for patients with NPH and MCI.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100119,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics Plus","volume":"2 4","pages":"Article 100202"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144903528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}