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Analysis and Intervention in Developmental Disabilities最新文献

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Analysis and Intervention in Developmental Disabilities Pub Date : 1984-01-01 Epub Date: 2002-08-22 DOI: 10.1016/0270-4684(84)90009-0
Raymond G. Romanczyak
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引用次数: 0
Final consonant generalization in hearing impaired children's articulation 听障儿童发音的末辅音泛化
Analysis and Intervention in Developmental Disabilities Pub Date : 1984-01-01 Epub Date: 2002-08-22 DOI: 10.1016/0270-4684(84)90005-3
Leija V. McReynolds
{"title":"Final consonant generalization in hearing impaired children's articulation","authors":"Leija V. McReynolds","doi":"10.1016/0270-4684(84)90005-3","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0270-4684(84)90005-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Within a multiple baseline across behaviors design, four hearing impaired children who initially omitted final consonants in words were taught to produce final |k| and |v| in a contrast training procedure. Generalization of the two sounds and their cognates, the |g| and |f|, was tested to items consisting of spontaneously produced single words (naming pictures) and the same words in sentences read by the children. Results showed that the children generalized both final target sounds to a high degree in both contexts. Some generalization also occurred to the cognates which had never been trained. Although individual variability was observed, data showed that the |v| generalized to a greater number of items than the |k|, and possibly, required less training. Generalization to the |f| items was also better than to the |g| items. Response patterns suggested that final consonant production had been thoroughly acquired since variables that could have disrupted or interfered with generalization had no effect on the children's performance.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100080,"journal":{"name":"Analysis and Intervention in Developmental Disabilities","volume":"4 3","pages":"Pages 267-284"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1984-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0270-4684(84)90005-3","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82487282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Teaching community skills to formerly institutionalized adults: Eating nutrionally balanced diets 向以前被收容的成年人传授社区技能:吃营养均衡的饮食
Analysis and Intervention in Developmental Disabilities Pub Date : 1984-01-01 Epub Date: 2002-08-22 DOI: 10.1016/0270-4684(84)90007-7
Andrew L. Reitz
{"title":"Teaching community skills to formerly institutionalized adults: Eating nutrionally balanced diets","authors":"Andrew L. Reitz","doi":"10.1016/0270-4684(84)90007-7","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0270-4684(84)90007-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study evaluated a community program to teach three formerly institutionalized adult males, ages 51 to 60, to eat well-balanced diets. A well-balanced diet was defined as consisting of two servings each from the meat and milk food groups and four servings each from the fruits and vegetables and breads and cereals food groups, or a total of 12 food servings each day. During baseline observations, the men averaged only 6.7 appropriate food servings per day. Instructions and self-monitoring and praise had little or no effect on the men's diets. When cash reinforcement was made contingent on the men's meeting specified daily criteria, the number of appropriate food servings eaten increased to an average of 10.5 appropriate food servings per day, an increase of 57% over baseline levels. A return to baseline conditions and follow-up observations showed continued maintenance of nearly all the treatment gains.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100080,"journal":{"name":"Analysis and Intervention in Developmental Disabilities","volume":"4 3","pages":"Pages 299-312"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1984-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0270-4684(84)90007-7","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79236138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Software package 软件包
Analysis and Intervention in Developmental Disabilities Pub Date : 1984-01-01 Epub Date: 2002-08-23 DOI: 10.1016/0270-4684(84)90045-4
{"title":"Software package","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/0270-4684(84)90045-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0270-4684(84)90045-4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100080,"journal":{"name":"Analysis and Intervention in Developmental Disabilities","volume":"4 2","pages":"Page VII"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1984-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0270-4684(84)90045-4","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136820762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Software description form 软件描述表格
Analysis and Intervention in Developmental Disabilities Pub Date : 1984-01-01 Epub Date: 2002-08-23 DOI: 10.1016/0270-4684(84)90046-6
{"title":"Software description form","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/0270-4684(84)90046-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0270-4684(84)90046-6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100080,"journal":{"name":"Analysis and Intervention in Developmental Disabilities","volume":"4 2","pages":"Page IX"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1984-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0270-4684(84)90046-6","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136820764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
“Harry”: The use of physical restraint as a reinforcer, timeout from restraint, and fading restraint in treating a self-injurious man “哈利”:在治疗一个自残的人时，使用身体上的约束作为强化物，从约束中暂停，减弱约束
Analysis and Intervention in Developmental Disabilities Pub Date : 1984-01-01 Epub Date: 2002-08-23 DOI: 10.1016/0270-4684(84)90014-4
Richard M. Foxx, Derrick Dufrense
{"title":"“Harry”: The use of physical restraint as a reinforcer, timeout from restraint, and fading restraint in treating a self-injurious man","authors":"Richard M. Foxx,&nbsp;Derrick Dufrense","doi":"10.1016/0270-4684(84)90014-4","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0270-4684(84)90014-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In the movie “Harry” (Research Press, 1980), Richard Foxx demonstrated the highly successful treatment of a young man's severe self-injury. This movie has had a dramatic and important impact on professional and lay audiences alike. Dr. Foxx was invited by AIDD's editorial board to present the data from Harry's initial treatment and, most importantly, a four year follow up on Harry's. progress. His article follows.</p><p>Harry, a self-injurious man who found restraint reinforcing was treated by a two-phase program. Phase I consisted of reinforcement with restraint for increasinglu longer periods of noninjury and timeout from restraint for self-injurious behavior (SIB). An ABAB reversal design was used to demonstrate the rapid reduction of SIB in Phase I. At the end of Phase I, Harry was displaying low levels of SIB, i.e., less than one episode per day, but had begun self-restraining by holding objects in his hands. Self-restraint was treated in Phase II by fading the size of the held objects to a point where he ceased holding them, An appropriate form of restraint, wearing eyeglasses, was substituted and Harry continues to wear them after four and a half years. A maintenance program was instituted following Phase II that consisted of token reinforcement for adaptive behavior, parent training, and an enriched program day that included vocational training and one-to-one interactions with a unit staff member. The four year follow-up results revealed that Harry's SIB is virtually non-existent and consists of symbolic taps to the nose or very light arm bites. The present study and work of others suggests that the therapeutic use of the reinforcing properties of restraint to treat self-injurious individuals appears to be an extremely effective way of; a) treating SIB, b) overcoming the iatrogenic effects of chronic restraint usage, and c) treating self-restrainers by substituting appropriate forms of restraint.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100080,"journal":{"name":"Analysis and Intervention in Developmental Disabilities","volume":"4 1","pages":"Pages 1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1984-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0270-4684(84)90014-4","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81372166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 43
Teaching symbol identification: A comparison between standard prompting and intervening response procedures 教学符号识别:标准提示与介入反应程序之比较
Analysis and Intervention in Developmental Disabilities Pub Date : 1984-01-01 Epub Date: 2002-08-23 DOI: 10.1016/0270-4684(84)90025-9
Thomas Zane , Benjamin L. Handen , Susan A. Mason , Chris Geffin
{"title":"Teaching symbol identification: A comparison between standard prompting and intervening response procedures","authors":"Thomas Zane ,&nbsp;Benjamin L. Handen ,&nbsp;Susan A. Mason ,&nbsp;Chris Geffin","doi":"10.1016/0270-4684(84)90025-9","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0270-4684(84)90025-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The use of “mediational” or “orienting” responses has been shown to increase the effectiveness of matching-to-sample procedures. The present study compared the effectiveness of a standard prompting procedure (stimulus-delay) and that same procedure with an intervening response of naming the target stimulus prior to responding. Four developmentally disabled adults were taught two sets of symbols placed on flashcards. The teacher named a symbol and the subject was required to point to the corresponding card. The two teaching methods were used in a counterbalanced order between subjects and symbol groups. Acquisition rates were similar for both methods. However, two subjects showed a larger deterioration of performance under the intervening response condition at a 9-month retention check.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100080,"journal":{"name":"Analysis and Intervention in Developmental Disabilities","volume":"4 4","pages":"Pages 367-377"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1984-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0270-4684(84)90025-9","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80345937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 6
Neatness counts: Effects of direct instruction and self-monitoring on the transfer of neat-paper skills to nontraining settings 整洁计数:直接指导和自我监控对非训练环境下整洁纸张技能转移的影响
Analysis and Intervention in Developmental Disabilities Pub Date : 1984-01-01 Epub Date: 2002-08-23 DOI: 10.1016/0270-4684(84)90037-5
Lynne Anderson-Inman, Stan C. Paine, Leslie Deutchman
{"title":"Neatness counts: Effects of direct instruction and self-monitoring on the transfer of neat-paper skills to nontraining settings","authors":"Lynne Anderson-Inman,&nbsp;Stan C. Paine,&nbsp;Leslie Deutchman","doi":"10.1016/0270-4684(84)90037-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0270-4684(84)90037-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A multiple-baseline design across behaviors was used to evaluate the extent to which direct instruction alone and direct instruction plus a self-monitoring checklist are effective in promoting the transfer of “neat-paper” skills to written assignments produced in nontraining settings. Direct instruction on nine skills necessary to produce a neat paper was provided to 15 resource-room students over a period of six weeks. Results indicate that direct instruction alone was generally insufficient to promote the transfer of acquired neat-paper skills to students' written assignments in other academic periods of the day. Introduction of a self-monitoring checklist, however, facilitated this transfer, resulting in pronounced improvement in the neatness of students' papers.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100080,"journal":{"name":"Analysis and Intervention in Developmental Disabilities","volume":"4 2","pages":"Pages 137-155"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1984-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0270-4684(84)90037-5","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136820660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 20
Training EMR children to solve missing minuend problems errorlessly: Acquisition, generalization, and maintenance 培训EMR儿童准确无误地解决遗漏的问题:获取、概括和维护
Analysis and Intervention in Developmental Disabilities Pub Date : 1984-01-01 Epub Date: 2002-08-23 DOI: 10.1016/0270-4684(84)90026-0
Paul M. Smeets, Giulio E. Lancioni, Sebastian Striefel, Rob.J. Willemsen
{"title":"Training EMR children to solve missing minuend problems errorlessly: Acquisition, generalization, and maintenance","authors":"Paul M. Smeets,&nbsp;Giulio E. Lancioni,&nbsp;Sebastian Striefel,&nbsp;Rob.J. Willemsen","doi":"10.1016/0270-4684(84)90026-0","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0270-4684(84)90026-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The present study evaluated an errorless procedure for teaching EMR students to solve missing minuend problems (i.e., missing number problems starting with a minus sign). The study consisted of two experiments, with two phases of training in each. The first phase was directed at establishing a nonnumerical, differentiated response to a prompt, the shape of which was gradually transformed to make the discriminative stimulus. The second phase was designed (a) to extend the control of this stimulus to the required numerical operations, and (b) to gradually eliminate the first trained nonnumerical components of the response chain and the experimental conditions (presence of the experimenter and immediate feedback) used for acquisition training. Five subjects participated in Experiment I, and four in Experiment II. The results indicated that seven subjects acquired the target skill in a nearly errorless fashion in 75 to 172 minutes of individual training time. The two other subjects required several programmatic alterations before completing the training. Their total training time was much longer, that is, 212 and 318 minutes, respectively. Moreover, the obtained findings revealed that whenever measured, the acquired skill transferred to similar, more advanced problems, and was maintained over periods ranging from several weeks to several months. The technical aspects are discussed in terms of the literature on stimulus control by prompts. Attention is also given to the educational relevance of the acquired skill.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100080,"journal":{"name":"Analysis and Intervention in Developmental Disabilities","volume":"4 4","pages":"Pages 379-402"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1984-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0270-4684(84)90026-0","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85020218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 7
Increasing the productivity of mentally retarded workers through self-management 通过自我管理提高智障员工的生产力
Analysis and Intervention in Developmental Disabilities Pub Date : 1984-01-01 Epub Date: 2002-08-23 DOI: 10.1016/0270-4684(84)90036-3
Richard J. McNally, James J. Kompik, Gale Sherman
{"title":"Increasing the productivity of mentally retarded workers through self-management","authors":"Richard J. McNally,&nbsp;James J. Kompik,&nbsp;Gale Sherman","doi":"10.1016/0270-4684(84)90036-3","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0270-4684(84)90036-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of a self-management treatment package on the productivity of mentally retarded clients attending a sheltered workshop. The package comprised self-monitoring, self-administered reinforcement, and performance feedback. An ABA reversal design revealed that the procedures significantly increased the production rate of the clients.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100080,"journal":{"name":"Analysis and Intervention in Developmental Disabilities","volume":"4 2","pages":"Pages 129-135"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1984-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0270-4684(84)90036-3","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74735158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 9
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