The use of a negative reinforcement procedure to increase the performance of autistic and mentally retarded children on discrimination training tasks

R.M. Foxx
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引用次数: 4

Abstract

Because some mentally retarded and autistic children are unresponsive to positive events such as edibles and praise, their performance during educational activities is often sporadic. Such children are often labelled as being noncompliant or difficult to motivate. A negative reinforcement procedure plus edibles and praise was compared with edibles and praise alone as a method of increasing correct responding on discrimination tasks by four such children. In both conditions, a child was given an edible and praise when the correct response occurred within 2 s of a therapist's verbal prompt. The aversive stimulus used in the negative reinforcement procedure consisted of guiding the child through the correct response 20 times when no response occured with 2 s. The negative reinforcement procedure plus edibles and praise produced about 90% correct responding for all the children, while edibles and praise alone were much less effective. The use of a negative reinforcement procedure with noncompliant or difficult to motivate behaviorally disordered children appears to be an effective method of increasing their instruction-following.

运用负强化程序提高自闭症及弱智儿童在歧视训练任务上的表现
由于一些智障和自闭症儿童对食物和表扬等积极事件反应迟钝,他们在教育活动中的表现往往是零星的。这样的孩子通常被贴上不听话或难以激励的标签。将负强化过程加上食物和表扬与单独的食物和表扬进行比较,作为提高四个这样的孩子对歧视任务的正确反应的方法。在这两种情况下,当一个孩子在治疗师的口头提示的2秒内做出正确的反应时,就会得到食物和表扬。负强化过程中使用的厌恶刺激包括在2秒内无反应时引导儿童通过20次正确反应。负强化过程加上食物和表扬对所有儿童产生了大约90%的正确反应,而单独的食物和表扬的效果要差得多。使用负强化程序对不服从或难以激励行为障碍的儿童似乎是一种有效的方法来增加他们的指令遵循。
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