AGU Advances最新文献

{"title":"Remote Sensing During the 2025 Los Angeles Wildfires","authors":"Julie Rolla,&nbsp;Kimberley Miner,&nbsp;Clayton Elder,&nbsp;Eric Howard,&nbsp;Julia Milton,&nbsp;Nathan Spangler","doi":"10.1029/2025AV002092","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2025AV002092","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The January 2025 Los Angeles County wildfires burned more than 50,000 acres, destroyed more than 16,000 structures, and caused 31 deaths. This Commentary examines how NASA's Disasters Program coordinated with response organizations to deliver 22 satellite and airborne products during the fires, even as the Eaton Fire forced the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) to close and displaced many employees. No single sensor met all operational needs. Airborne Visible Infrared Imaging Spectrometer 3 (AVIRIS-3) observations supported methane screening and detailed mapping of burn severity and relative char and ash abundance. Sentinel-1 synthetic aperture radar provided damage information through smoke and clouds, while thermal, optical, and nighttime-lights sensors contributed active-fire, power-outage, surface-temperature, and burn-scar observations. The combined products supported situational awareness, damage assessment, air quality monitoring, infrastructure evaluation, and debris-flow planning. Their operational value, however, depended on whether observations were delivered within the relevant decision window and at a spatial scale suited to agency needs. The response exposed persistent limitations associated with data latency, uneven spatial resolution, manual processing, and the difficulty of quantifying how individual products influenced decisions. Priorities for future events include automated and cloud-based processing, higher-resolution commercial and airborne observations, cross-center continuity planning, and sustained training and exercises with response agencies. The recently launched NASA-ISRO Synthetic Aperture Radar (NISAR) mission and the future Explorer for Artemis Geology Lunar and Earth (EAGLE) missions can expand these capabilities when paired with the processing systems and partnerships needed to convert observations into actionable products.</p>","PeriodicalId":100067,"journal":{"name":"AGU Advances","volume":"7 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2025AV002092","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148783906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Theory for the Global Wind Energy Dissipation Across Climates","authors":"Malte F. Jansen,&nbsp;Hsing-Hung Chou,&nbsp;Seth Seidel","doi":"10.1029/2026AV002593","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2026AV002593","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Atmospheric winds play a key role in shaping climate, ecosystems, and infrastructure. The energy that drives the winds is generated by the atmospheric heat engine. However, traditional entropy-budget descriptions of this heat engine rely on poorly constrained microscale processes, limiting their predictive power. To address this, we introduce a framework to compute the wind work from only two climate-dependent quantities: the height-weighted integrated radiative-cooling profile and a bulk Bowen ratio. Our results show that moderate global warming leads to only weak changes in wind work (and hence weak changes in global wind energy dissipation), due to a balance between increased height-weighted radiative cooling and decreased bulk Bowen ratio. This result is in line with the relatively weak and inconsistent trends in wind energy dissipation found in comprehensive climate models and reanalyses. However, this balance is not predicted to hold over a wider range of climates, consistent with a much less energetic circulation in simulations of past Snowball Earth climates.</p>","PeriodicalId":100067,"journal":{"name":"AGU Advances","volume":"7 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2026AV002593","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148783521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beyond the Electrostatic Approach: Numerical Simulations of Martian Ionospheric Irregularities","authors":"Konghan Jiang,&nbsp;Jiuhou Lei,&nbsp;Maodong Yan","doi":"10.1029/2026AV002327","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2026AV002327","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Numerical simulations play an essential role in the study of ionospheric irregularities. In the past few decades, electrostatic simulations have successfully simulated the nonlinear evolution of terrestrial ionospheric irregularities. However, the Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN (MAVEN) observations reveal that the Martian ionospheric irregularities are electromagnetic in nature, in contrast to the electrostatic nature of terrestrial ionosphere. In this study, we develop a non-electrostatic model to investigate the evolution of Martian ionospheric irregularities under nighttime conditions and predominantly horizontal magnetic fields. Our simulation results indicate that electromagnetic Rayleigh-Taylor instability (RTI) can induce the formation of Martian ionospheric irregularities. Consistent with MAVEN observations, the simulated Martian ionospheric irregularities exhibit plasma density variations of approximately 10%–70% relative to the background ionospheric density, with maximum magnetic field variations reaching about 2 nT.</p>","PeriodicalId":100067,"journal":{"name":"AGU Advances","volume":"7 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2026AV002327","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148753904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Are Modern Droughts Unprecedented?","authors":"Patricia Helpap,&nbsp;Stefan Brönnimann,&nbsp;Ralf Hand,&nbsp;Jörg Franke,&nbsp;Christoph C. Raible,&nbsp;Benjamin D. Stocker","doi":"10.1029/2026AV002536","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2026AV002536","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Global drought variability of past centuries remains poorly understood due to sparse instrumental records and limited paleoclimate reconstructions. Yet, quantifying long-term forced and unforced variability is key for assessing the extremeness of modern (2000–2024) drought events. Here, we combine 20 ensemble members from a 600-year climate simulation (ModE-Sim, 1420–2009) and modern reanalysis data (ERA5-Land, 1950–2024) to place recent droughts in a multi-century context. Drought magnitude and timing are measured using the annual maximum potential cumulative water deficit (PCWD), which integrates atmospheric moisture demand and supply, the daily timing of precipitation events, snow melt, and radiation. We analyze the deviation of modern annual, multi-year mean, and 30-year extreme PCWD from alternative reference periods that sample forced and unforced variability to a variable extent. We find a strong decline in the number of regions with unprecedented modern (2000–2024) single-year and 25-year mean PCWD as the reference is extended into the past and with the additional consideration of unforced atmospheric variability. This is not the case for extreme droughts. 30-year extreme PCWD has increased beyond the range of variability of the last 600 years in over half of all regions globally. This suggests that drought extremes are intensifying more rapidly beyond the range experienced in the past than mean conditions. While individual droughts in the modern era may not appear unprecedented when viewed against a century-long record, the shift in their frequency distribution indicates a rising risk of damaging impacts and an increasing likelihood of droughts reaching unprecedented magnitudes in the near future.</p>","PeriodicalId":100067,"journal":{"name":"AGU Advances","volume":"7 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2026AV002536","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148753277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent History of Surface Ocean Acidification Extremes That Compound Marine Heatwaves","authors":"Luke Gregor,&nbsp;Nicolas Gruber","doi":"10.1029/2025AV002112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2025AV002112","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;Compound extremes are of concern for ocean health, such as when ocean acidification extremes (OAX) and marine heatwaves (MHW) co-occur. These compound events (OAX&lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;math&gt;\u0000 &lt;semantics&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;mspace&gt;&lt;/mspace&gt;\u0000 &lt;mo&gt;∩&lt;/mo&gt;\u0000 &lt;mspace&gt;&lt;/mspace&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;annotation&gt; $,cap ,$&lt;/annotation&gt;\u0000 &lt;/semantics&gt;&lt;/math&gt;MHW) may amplify stress beyond the impact of each driver alone, yet their historical distribution remains poorly quantified. We used an observation-based product (OceanSODA-ETHZ) to investigate surface ocean OAX&lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;math&gt;\u0000 &lt;semantics&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;mspace&gt;&lt;/mspace&gt;\u0000 &lt;mo&gt;∩&lt;/mo&gt;\u0000 &lt;mspace&gt;&lt;/mspace&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;annotation&gt; $,cap ,$&lt;/annotation&gt;\u0000 &lt;/semantics&gt;&lt;/math&gt;MHW from 1982 to 2024. OAX and MHW are defined when detrended surface hydrogen ion concentration and sea surface temperature exceed their 95th percentiles. Events show distinct spatial and temporal patterns: they occur roughly four times more often than by chance in the low- to mid-latitudes, but are rare in the eastern tropical Pacific and the high latitudes. They occur primarily in summer and show strong variability associated with the El Niño-Southern Oscillation. Most events are small (&lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;math&gt;\u0000 &lt;semantics&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;mo&gt;&lt;&lt;/mo&gt;\u0000 &lt;mn&gt;1&lt;/mn&gt;\u0000 &lt;msup&gt;\u0000 &lt;mn&gt;0&lt;/mn&gt;\u0000 &lt;mn&gt;6&lt;/mn&gt;\u0000 &lt;/msup&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;annotation&gt; ${&lt; } 1{0}^{6}$&lt;/annotation&gt;\u0000 &lt;/semantics&gt;&lt;/math&gt; &lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;math&gt;\u0000 &lt;semantics&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;msup&gt;\u0000 &lt;mtext&gt;km&lt;/mtext&gt;\u0000 &lt;mn&gt;2&lt;/mn&gt;\u0000 &lt;/msup&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;annotation&gt; ${text{km}}^{2}$&lt;/annotation&gt;\u0000 &lt;/semantics&gt;&lt;/math&gt;) and brief (1 month), but several are exceptional, including: the Blob (2015) in the northeastern Pacific (&lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;math&gt;\u0000 &lt;semantics&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;mn&gt;12.6&lt;/mn&gt;\u0000 &lt;mo&gt;×&lt;/mo&gt;\u0000 &lt;mn&gt;1&lt;/mn&gt;\u0000 &lt;msup&gt;\u0000 &lt;mn&gt;0&lt;/mn&gt;\u0000 &lt;mn&gt;6&lt;/mn&gt;\u0000 &lt;/msup&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;annotation&gt; $12.6times 1{0}^{6}$&lt;/annotation&gt;\u0000 &lt;/semantics&gt;&lt;/math&gt; &lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;math&gt;\u0000 &lt;semantics&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;msup&gt;\u0000 &lt;mtext&gt;km&lt;/mtext&gt;\u0000 &lt;mn&gt;2&lt;/mn&gt;\u0000 &lt;/msup&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;annotation&gt; ${text{km}}^{2}$&lt;/annotatio","PeriodicalId":100067,"journal":{"name":"AGU Advances","volume":"7 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2025AV002112","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148753276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Subglacial Lake Discharge Affects the Age and Concentration Distribution of Dissolved Organic Carbon in Ross Sea Surface Waters","authors":"Sunmin Oh,&nbsp;Yeongjin Ryu,&nbsp;Heejun Han,&nbsp;Taehee Na,&nbsp;Tae-Wan Kim,&nbsp;Jisoo Park,&nbsp;Guebuem Kim,&nbsp;Ellen R. M. Druffel,&nbsp;Jeomshik Hwang","doi":"10.1029/2026AV002385","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2026AV002385","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The Ross Sea continental shelf plays a key role in the global carbon cycle. However, the sources and cycling of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in the region are poorly understood. Here, we determined the radiocarbon (¹⁴C) and stable carbon isotope (¹³C) contents of DOC in addition to those of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) in the Little America Basin, eastern Ross Sea. Carbon isotope values of DIC indicate rapid vertical mixing across the continental shelf, along with high surface primary productivity near the ice shelf. Despite the supply of freshly produced DOC from high primary productivity, the ¹⁴C age of the DOC throughout the water column was unexpectedly old (5,100–7,400 years), with surface DOC being older than that in deeper waters, in contrast to the typical oceanic distribution. A Keeling plot of the relationship between DOC ¹⁴C contents and the inverse of the DOC concentrations exhibits a positive linear correlation, which is the opposite trend to that of the global ocean. This demonstrates the presence of DOC with a ¹⁴C age of &gt;10,000 years in the surface waters. Although the exact source of this aged DOC remains uncertain, we suggest that DOC from subglacial lake discharge is the likely source.</p>","PeriodicalId":100067,"journal":{"name":"AGU Advances","volume":"7 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2026AV002385","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148652454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Widespread Increase in Global Plant Water Stress Obscured by Greening","authors":"Qing Chang,&nbsp;Lixin Wang,&nbsp;Mallory L. Barnes,&nbsp;Darren L. Ficklin,&nbsp;Michael C. Benson,&nbsp;Kimberly A. Novick","doi":"10.1029/2025AV002243","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2025AV002243","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Understanding the vulnerability of plants to more severe and frequent drought events and developing adaptive management strategies requires robust methods for quantifying long-term changes in plant water stress (PWS). Most data-driven explorations of long-term trends in PWS have focused on alterations in canopy structure (e.g., leaf area index) or canopy structure-dependent variables (e.g., gross primary productivity and evapotranspiration). This is largely because long-term trends in canopy structure are relatively easy to detect from satellite observations. However, a focus on structural responses limits our ability to detect physiological stress due to challenges in isolating it from the effects of structural greening. Consequently, this difficulty hampers a comprehensive examination of long-term PWS in the context of global greening trends. To address this gap, we developed a new process-based metric for PWS to isolate physiological responses from structural greening, which we then used to detect global PWS trends over the past four decades. Combining site-level and satellite observations at the half-degree resolution across the globe, we found that accounting for greening-related changes substantially alters the sign of long-term PWS trends inferred from traditional approaches. Specifically, our study reveals a significant increase in PWS that is only detectable when accounting for structural greening trends. When greening trends are not accounted for, global PWS appears to have decreased over time. Overall, our results highlight the need to integrate structural dynamics and greening into PWS detection. Such an integration of observations and land models will improve our understanding of plant-water-energy interactions.</p>","PeriodicalId":100067,"journal":{"name":"AGU Advances","volume":"7 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2025AV002243","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148615926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Massive Rocky Planets May Suppress Deep Melting","authors":"Donghao Zheng,&nbsp;Yihang Peng,&nbsp;Jie Deng","doi":"10.1029/2026AV002326","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2026AV002326","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Melting properties of silicates are critical to understanding the thermal evolution of rocky planetary interiors. In the deep mantles of massive rocky planets, post-post-spinel <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <msub>\u0000 <mtext>Mg</mtext>\u0000 <mn>2</mn>\u0000 </msub>\u0000 <msub>\u0000 <mtext>SiO</mtext>\u0000 <mn>4</mn>\u0000 </msub>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation> ${text{Mg}}_{2}{text{SiO}}_{4}$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math> is potentially one of the most abundant mineral phases, yet its melting behavior remains unconstrained. Here, we determine the melting curve of post-post-spinel <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <msub>\u0000 <mtext>Mg</mtext>\u0000 <mn>2</mn>\u0000 </msub>\u0000 <msub>\u0000 <mtext>SiO</mtext>\u0000 <mn>4</mn>\u0000 </msub>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation> ${text{Mg}}_{2}{text{SiO}}_{4}$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math> using thermodynamic integration based on ab initio calculations. We find that the melting temperature of post-post-spinel <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <msub>\u0000 <mtext>Mg</mtext>\u0000 <mn>2</mn>\u0000 </msub>\u0000 <msub>\u0000 <mtext>SiO</mtext>\u0000 <mn>4</mn>\u0000 </msub>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation> ${text{Mg}}_{2}{text{SiO}}_{4}$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math> exceeds that of <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <msub>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mi>M</mi>\u0000 <mi>g</mi>\u0000 <mi>S</mi>\u0000 <mi>i</mi>\u0000 <mi>O</mi>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <mn>3</mn>\u0000 </msub>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation> ${mathrm{M}mathrm{g}mathrm{S}mathrm{i}mathrm{O}}_{3}$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math> post-perovskite by at least 400 K at 500 GPa. Furthermore, the volume and the entropy of melting suggest only weak pressure dependence. Comparisons with the geotherms of rocky planets of various sizes and potential temperatures indicate that the refractory nature of post-post-spinel may confine the deep mantles of massive rocky planets to the solid state, except under the conditions of extremely high potential temperatures or high impurity contents, such as iron and volatiles.</p>","PeriodicalId":100067,"journal":{"name":"AGU Advances","volume":"7 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2026AV002326","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148533571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bidirectional Energy Transfer via Simultaneous Wave-Particle Resonances in Inhomogeneous Space Plasmas","authors":"Jing-Huan Li,&nbsp;Xu-Zhi Zhou,&nbsp;Shan Wang,&nbsp;Zhi-Yang Liu,&nbsp;Yuri V. Khotyaintsev,&nbsp;Daniel B. Graham,&nbsp;Qiu-Gang Zong,&nbsp;Chao Yue,&nbsp;Anton V. Artemyev,&nbsp;Yoshiharu Omura,&nbsp;Si Liu,&nbsp;Li Li,&nbsp;Jie Ren,&nbsp;Zi-Kang Xie,&nbsp;Yun Yan","doi":"10.1029/2026AV002479","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2026AV002479","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Wave-particle resonance is a key mechanism for energy transfer in collisionless plasmas with important implications for wave excitation and particle acceleration. Cyclotron resonance occurs when a particle's gyromotion synchronizes with the wave fields, with their interactions usually describable by quasilinear diffusion or nonlinear trapping. The nonlinear wave-particle energy transfer is facilitated by background inhomogeneities such as magnetic field gradients and/or frequency sweeping. When wave amplitudes become large, the particle's gyromotion can be strongly perturbed, altering the classical cyclotron resonance condition and giving rise to a nonlinear process known as anomalous resonance or anomalous trapping. This mechanism has been explored in idealized, uniform settings; however, its behavior in realistic inhomogeneous environments remains poorly understood. Here, we present in situ evidence of simultaneous cyclotron and anomalous resonances between electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves and charged particles in Earth's dayside magnetosphere. The local magnetic-field gradient enables bidirectional wave-particle energy transfer: high-energy ions drive the waves through cyclotron resonance, while lower-energy ions absorb energy from the same waves via anomalous resonance. We also identify signatures consistent with anomalous resonance of sub-keV electrons, suggesting that efficient wave-particle coupling may extend far below the classical cyclotron-resonant energy. This interplay of resonances reveals an inhomogeneity-driven pathway for energy redistribution across a broader energy range than previously recognized. These findings highlight the need to incorporate anomalous resonance into models of magnetospheric dynamics, especially in regions with strong inhomogeneities, and open new avenues for understanding energy transfer in complex plasma environments.</p>","PeriodicalId":100067,"journal":{"name":"AGU Advances","volume":"7 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2026AV002479","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148533271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rotation-Controlled Diurnal Evolution of Uranus' Asymmetric Bow Shock at Equinox","authors":"X. Cao,&nbsp;C. Paty,&nbsp;F. Chu,&nbsp;J. Lei","doi":"10.1029/2026AV002307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2026AV002307","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Uranus possesses the most extreme magnetic and rotational geometry in the solar system, resulting in a uniquely dynamic and asymmetric interaction between its magnetosphere and the solar wind. Here we investigate the diurnal evolution of the Uranian bow shock (BS) at equinox using global multifluid magnetohydrodynamic simulations constrained by Voyager 2 observations. The BS structure and variability are quantified using the stand-off distance, terminator distance, flaring parameter, and BS parameter, enabling a systematic assessment of its global asymmetry over one planetary rotation. Our results show that the BS exhibits pronounced diurnal asymmetry that is primarily controlled by planetary rotation. Even under steady upstream solar wind conditions, the BS undergoes periodic expansion and contraction, reflecting rotation-driven reconfiguration of the planetary magnetospheric topology. This diurnal modulation represents a remarkably large asymmetry in planetary BS geometry within the solar system. These results establish planetary rotation as the intrinsic primary driver of Uranus' BS dynamics at equinox and provide essential constraints for the design and formulation of future space missions to the ice giants. These findings also offer a unique framework for understanding shock physics in the abundant population of ice-giant exoplanets.</p>","PeriodicalId":100067,"journal":{"name":"AGU Advances","volume":"7 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2026AV002307","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148324383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}