African Transport Studies最新文献_第6页

Evaluating the categorical effect of vehicle characteristics on exhaust emissions 评估车辆特性对尾气排放的分类影响

African Transport Studies Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.aftran.2024.100008

A.K. Milku , F. Attiogbe , C. Atombo , N.S.A. Derkyi , E.L. Asuako

{"title":"Evaluating the categorical effect of vehicle characteristics on exhaust emissions","authors":"A.K. Milku , F. Attiogbe , C. Atombo , N.S.A. Derkyi , E.L. Asuako","doi":"10.1016/j.aftran.2024.100008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aftran.2024.100008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The study assessed the categorical effect of <em>vehicle age, frequency of maintenance and emission technology</em> on vehicle emissions. Concentrations of carbon dioxide, hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, and nitrogen oxide samples were taken from one thousand and two (1002) light-duty gasoline vehicles at three vehicle inspection centers in the city of Accra. Vehicle age was positively related to CO and HC emissions. The use of emission technology was negatively related to CO and HC emissions, but positively related to NO<sub>x</sub>. Vehicle maintenance had a significant negative relationship with HC but no significant relationship with CO, CO<sub>2</sub>, or NO<sub>x</sub>. Categorically, moderate and over-aged vehicles were positively related to CO and HC with over-aged vehicles being more so. Furthermore, 2-way and 3-way converter were negatively related to exhaust emissions, but 2-way converter was positively related to NO<sub>x</sub>. However, the coefficient value of the significant relationship between 3-way converter and CO (β = −0.374) as well as HC (β = −0.460) emissions was higher than 2-way converter. Regular maintenance of vehicles showed significant negative relations with HC, with insignificant relation with CO, CO<sub>2</sub> and NO<sub>x</sub> emissions. The findings suggest that vehicle age, regular maintenance and use of emission technology are critical factors to consider when reducing vehicle emissions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100058,"journal":{"name":"African Transport Studies","volume":"2 ","pages":"Article 100008"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2950196224000073/pdfft?md5=c8442b346f0b0e56a82a81c30fd5be48&pid=1-s2.0-S2950196224000073-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141639375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Decarbonizing Ghanaian cities through the lens of sustainable transportation planning: Policy and institutional response 通过可持续交通规划实现加纳城市的去碳化：政策和机构对策

African Transport Studies Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.aftran.2024.100013

Evelyn Amekudzi , Emmanuel Amponsah , Michael Poku-Boansi , Obaa Yaa Aninwaa Anin-Yeboah , Michael Osei Asibey

{"title":"Decarbonizing Ghanaian cities through the lens of sustainable transportation planning: Policy and institutional response","authors":"Evelyn Amekudzi , Emmanuel Amponsah , Michael Poku-Boansi , Obaa Yaa Aninwaa Anin-Yeboah , Michael Osei Asibey","doi":"10.1016/j.aftran.2024.100013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aftran.2024.100013","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The global emphasis on decarbonization has intensified in response to urban struggles with climate change. The growing demand for mobility in urban areas intensifies climate change crisis, requiring a reevaluation and transformation of current transportation systems. This study investigates the role of policy frameworks and institutional responses in the connection between sustainable transportation planning and decarbonization in Ghanaian cities. The study relied on both primary and secondary data sources. Primary data was obtained from eight respondents from the Development Planning Department, and the Transport Department of the Kumasi Metropolitan Assembly, Department of Urban Roads and the Environmental Protection Agency through face-to-face interviews. The findings showed that the existing policy landscape of Ghana does not sufficiently provide for transport decarbonization. Consequently, this neglect of the policies and other socio-cultural issues holistically constrains efforts by the institutional structures to decarbonize the city's transportation system. A holistic approach combining policy innovation, institutional capacity building, and community engagement is crucial for effectively decarbonizing Ghanaian cities and developing a more sustainable and resilient urban environment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100058,"journal":{"name":"African Transport Studies","volume":"2 ","pages":"Article 100013"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142705571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The contribution of cargo tricycles to the urban economy of Ghanaian cities; A case study of greater Kumasi metropolitan area 货运三轮车对加纳城市经济的贡献；大库马西都市区案例研究

African Transport Studies Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.aftran.2024.100005

Kwasi Kwafo Adarkwa, Michael Ayertey Nanor, Michael Osei Asibey, Gideon Adu Sarfo Atta

{"title":"The contribution of cargo tricycles to the urban economy of Ghanaian cities; A case study of greater Kumasi metropolitan area","authors":"Kwasi Kwafo Adarkwa, Michael Ayertey Nanor, Michael Osei Asibey, Gideon Adu Sarfo Atta","doi":"10.1016/j.aftran.2024.100005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aftran.2024.100005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The introduction of cargo tricycles into the modal mix has significantly impacted the movement of freight in Ghana's large and medium-sized towns. However, this has not been adequately studied. In this paper, we explore the operations of freight hauliers using cargo tricycles within the Greater Kumasi Metropolitan Area (GKMA), and their contribution to the city's economy. Surveys of 173 cargo tricycle operators, 105 patrons or end-users, relevant institutions (the Driver and Vehicle Licensing Authority [DVLA], the Urban Transport Department of the Kumasi Metropolitan Assembly and the Roads Department of the Asokore-Mampong Municipal Assembly), and operator unions were undertaken. These category of respondents were selected and interviewed at five identified tricycle head stations, using semi-structured questionnaires and interview guides. The surveys revealed that cargo tricycles grew at a rate of nearly 13% per annum over the 2015–2021 period. Nearly 40% of these tricycles had a total round-trip length of between 10 and 30 km with seven round trips per day while transporting an average of between 480 and 600 kg of different types of freight including foodstuffs, construction materials, machinery, and refuse. The study estimated that they contribute about GH₵ 205 million annually, to the local economy while employing nearly 3000 operators and assistants. The average value of freight hauled was also estimated at GH₵ 693 million annually. The tricycles offered cheaper means of transport, were convenient, and manoeuvred easily to difficult destinations. However, they posed major safety challenges in the study area, which require prudent interventions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100058,"journal":{"name":"African Transport Studies","volume":"2 ","pages":"Article 100005"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2950196224000048/pdfft?md5=4292292281bd30d0769f4ba9c71c07ad&pid=1-s2.0-S2950196224000048-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141481479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Macroeconomic impacts of African transport transitions: on the case of electric two-wheelers in Kenya 非洲交通运输转型的宏观经济影响：以肯尼亚电动两轮车为例

African Transport Studies Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.aftran.2024.100009

Emmanuel Uzim , James Dixon

{"title":"Macroeconomic impacts of African transport transitions: on the case of electric two-wheelers in Kenya","authors":"Emmanuel Uzim , James Dixon","doi":"10.1016/j.aftran.2024.100009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aftran.2024.100009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The impact of the e-mobility transition on a national economy will depend strongly on that nation's set of fiscal policies regarding vehicle, fuel and electricity taxation. Here, we present a framework and online open-access tool to evaluate the macroeconomic impacts of vehicle electrification in any national context. By applying the framework to the booming electric two-wheeler sector in Kenya, we provide a set of context-specific recommendations regarding the impacts of transport electrification on Kenya's fiscal position, given a set of scenarios relating to vehicle market size and fiscal policy. It was found that in the Kenyan case, the e-mobility transition is unlikely to result in a significant black hole in government finances: for a given two-wheeler market size, it is predicted that the loss in revenue resulting from a business-as-usual shift to electric two-wheelers would result in the loss of only 3% of government revenue from the sector by 2040, totalling approx. KSh1.4bn (under 0.1% of Kenyan GDP in 2023). However, carbon taxation is a significant source of government revenue when applied to polluting technologies such as petrol-powered two-wheelers, potentially doubling the revenue returned from the Kenyan two-wheeler sector by the mid-2030s, relative to what it would be without carbon taxation, if IMF recommendations regarding carbon tax are followed. However, revenue from carbon taxation will dry up as the transition to e-mobility hastens. Of course, any intervention regarding taxation, including carbon tax, must be subject to careful policy analysis. Taxation policy should direct consumers towards desired behaviours (in this case, the uptake of electric over internal combustion-powered two-wheelers) and allow the redistribution of wealth to those most affected by transport poverty.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100058,"journal":{"name":"African Transport Studies","volume":"2 ","pages":"Article 100009"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2950196224000085/pdfft?md5=c3a9ca797ba0966d7cbb11052c05546c&pid=1-s2.0-S2950196224000085-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141984711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Modelling lane flow distribution on multi-lane highways: Insights from built-up and non-built-up areas 多车道高速公路车道流量分布建模：城市建成区和非城市建成区的启示

African Transport Studies Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.aftran.2024.100011

Kwame Kwakwa Osei , Zakari Abdul Karim Awini , Williams Ackaah

{"title":"Modelling lane flow distribution on multi-lane highways: Insights from built-up and non-built-up areas","authors":"Kwame Kwakwa Osei , Zakari Abdul Karim Awini , Williams Ackaah","doi":"10.1016/j.aftran.2024.100011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aftran.2024.100011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigated lane flow distribution on selected sections on the Kumasi – Accra multilane highway, with a specific focus on a section located in a built-up area, characterized by side frictions and driveways, and another in a non-built up area, characterized by flat terrain with no access or side friction. The study sought to (1) explore the lane flow distribution patterns under varying traffic conditions and roadway environmental types (urban and non-urban), and (2) investigate the combined effect of roadway and traffic conditions on lane flow distribution. Traffic volume data was extracted from video recordings made at the two study sites for two days. At the same time, vehicular speeds were measured with the use of a radar speed gun. The data were explored descriptively, after which multiple linear regression was employed to model the lane flow distribution in the median lane. The results indicated pronounced disparities in lane utilization between the two sites with different vehicle categories exhibiting distinct lane preferences. The model suggested that roadway environment type, proportion of motorcycles in the traffic stream, and total link flow significantly determine the proportion of traffic flow that travel in the median lane whereas the proportion of trotros and the average link speed have marginal influence. The findings emphasize the importance of considering local contextual factors and driver behaviors in modelling lane flow distribution, particularly in developing countries with heterogeneous roadway and traffic conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100058,"journal":{"name":"African Transport Studies","volume":"2 ","pages":"Article 100011"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142529695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Transit and fairness: Exploring spatial equity in Accra's public transport system 交通与公平：探索阿克拉公共交通系统的空间公平性

African Transport Studies Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.aftran.2024.100012

Elvis Kyere-Gyeabour , Aruna Sivakumar , Samuel Agyei-Mensah

{"title":"Transit and fairness: Exploring spatial equity in Accra's public transport system","authors":"Elvis Kyere-Gyeabour , Aruna Sivakumar , Samuel Agyei-Mensah","doi":"10.1016/j.aftran.2024.100012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aftran.2024.100012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Globally, millions of individuals access services and opportunities on a daily basis using different modes of motorized and non-motorized transportation. However, in the global south, the role of public transport in providing access to services is relatively under-researched due to non-functional public transport services and poor infrastructure. This paper uses data from the Greater Accra Metropolitan Area (GAMA) to empirically contribute to the discourse on how public transport availability varies across different residential locations and assess if there is equitable access to Public Transport Infrastructure and Services (PTIS) across urban and peri-urban areas. A household questionnaire survey was designed to collect data on public transport access based on socioeconomic, socio-cultural, personal preferences/experiences and residential location in the Greater Accra Metropolitan Area (GAMA). A sample size of 1340 respondents, consisting of males and females between the ages of 18 and 70 residing in GAMA, was achieved. The paper also used data from the public and open databases. The Three-Step Floating Catchment Area (3SFCA) and geospatial methods were used to estimate spatial accessibility.</div><div>The study found a significantly high disparity in accessibility to public transport in the Greater Accra Metropolitan Area (GAMA). There is also significant spatial inequality in the level of access to Public Transport Infrastructure and Services (PTIS) in GAMA. The study revealed that the planning and provisioning of public transport infrastructure in GAMA has left areas with inequitable access to transport services. There is the need for increased investment in public transport infrastructure in EAs where Public Transport Infrastructure and Services (PTIS) were found to be very low or low in GAMA.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100058,"journal":{"name":"African Transport Studies","volume":"2 ","pages":"Article 100012"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142529696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Characterizing paratransit travel time variability and the causes of day-to-day variation 表征公交运行时间的变化和日常变化的原因

African Transport Studies Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.aftran.2024.100003

George Ukam , Charles Adams , Atinuke Adebanji , Williams Ackaah

引用次数: 0

Determinants of school bus service satisfaction in private schools in Ghana: Managerial implications 加纳私立学校校车服务满意度的决定因素：管理意义

African Transport Studies Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.aftran.2024.100002

Stephen Agyeman , Philip Kofi Alimo , Lawrencia Agen-Davis

{"title":"Determinants of school bus service satisfaction in private schools in Ghana: Managerial implications","authors":"Stephen Agyeman , Philip Kofi Alimo , Lawrencia Agen-Davis","doi":"10.1016/j.aftran.2024.100002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aftran.2024.100002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Although School Bus Transportation Services (SBTS) enhance safe and supervised travel that impacts educational outcomes, there is a growing service decline in some private schools in Ghana. Given the dearth of research on SBTS satisfaction in Africa's private schools, policymakers and education administrators are unable to find managerial solutions. This study investigates the determinants of school bus service satisfaction in the Sunyani Municipality, Ghana, using a survey of 403 schoolchildren and 40 staff members from twenty private schools. Multivariate analyses<span> showed that the frequency of bus breakdowns is a critical determinant of ridership, whereas cost is insignificant. Satisfaction depends on bus service information, serviceability, drivers' empathy towards riders, safety/security, the physical appearance of crew and buses, and responsiveness/reliability of services. Notably, there is no transport policy or department regulating SBTS management in Ghana's private schools. Stakeholders can use the findings of this study to create a policy framework to improve the management of SBTS.</span></div></div>","PeriodicalId":100058,"journal":{"name":"African Transport Studies","volume":"1 ","pages":"Article 100002"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143305521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Swappable green hydrogen trailers as an additional energy source to electric minibus taxis 可更换的绿色氢拖车作为电动小巴出租车的额外能源

African Transport Studies Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.aftran.2023.100001

J.H. Giliomee , T. Zenner , M.J. Booysen

{"title":"Swappable green hydrogen trailers as an additional energy source to electric minibus taxis","authors":"J.H. Giliomee , T. Zenner , M.J. Booysen","doi":"10.1016/j.aftran.2023.100001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aftran.2023.100001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In light of global net-zero emission ambitions, the potential electrification of Sub-Sahara Africa's (SSA) paratransit with an electric alternative to the traditional minibus taxi (MBT) has received increased attention in recent studies. However, this has mainly focused on urban paratransit. As the same vehicle is used for long-distance paratransit on a weekly basis, the planning for the electrification thereof needs to include all aspects of the vehicle's use. In this paper, we focus exclusively on evaluating long-distance paratransit for electrification. Various routes between the Western Cape and Eastern Cape region in South Africa are analysed to determine their suitability for electrification. To address battery-electric minibus taxis' (eMBTs) extended charging time and limited range, we suggest a supplementary energy source to the vehicle: a hydrogen trailer (eMBT+H2). This addition, equipped with a swappable hydrogen tank and fuel cell, both increases range and enables swift energy replenishment. To address environmental concerns, green hydrogen used by this system is to be produced by an electrolyser using solar power. In contrast to conventional internal combustion engine MBTs with trailers, the new suggested model leads to a 2% reduction in travel time, while also reducing the number of required stops by up to 66%. In addition, operational emissions are 100% eliminated. The results indicate the possibility of electrifying long-haul paratransit by delving into a supplementary energy reservoir, without the need to acquire dedicated electric vehicles designed for long-distance purposes. Furthermore, the integration of solar energy renders this shift not only achievable but also a promoter of eco-friendly operations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100058,"journal":{"name":"African Transport Studies","volume":"1 ","pages":"Article 100001"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143305522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Unlocking economic opportunities: Libya as a maritime gateway for landlocked African countries 释放经济机会：利比亚成为非洲内陆国家的海上门户

African Transport Studies Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.aftran.2024.100004

Ibrahim Badi , Ali Abdulshahid

引用次数: 0