African Transport Studies最新文献

{"title":"Assessment of paratransit system performance in mixed traffic using a two-stage bootstrap-DEA and ordinary Least Square approach","authors":"Simeon Stevenson Turay,&nbsp;Charles Anum Adams,&nbsp;Augustus-Ababio Donkor","doi":"10.1016/j.aftran.2024.100021","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aftran.2024.100021","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>There has been a surge in the use of paratransit services including minibuses, two and three-wheelers, and other variants in Sub-Saharan African cities. Despite being characterized as unsafe; they continue to address a greater percentage of urban travel demand. Amidst the ongoing debate to integrate formalized public transport (FPT) and paratransit services, there is a need to understand the current performance of the existing modes operating in mixed traffic. The present study attempts to evaluate the performance measures of paratransit services in Freetown, Republic of Sierra Leone using a two-stage approach. In the first stage, efficiency and effectiveness scores for paratransit services along two corridors were estimated and corrected for bias by bootstrapping using data envelopment analysis (DEA). In the second stage, the bias-corrected DEA efficiency scores were regressed against a set of service and operational indicators. Data collection included videography, onboard vehicle, user perception, and operator surveys. A total of 1119 drivers and 1010 passengers were intercepted, and 300 onboard trips were made. Data were analyzed in STATA and R package (deaR) software programs. Findings revealed that as compared to low-capacity modes, relatively high-capacity modes are more efficient and effective in terms of revenue-generating vehicle kilometers travelled and daily ridership. Efficiency was found to be positively influenced by passenger density, speed density, and vehicle capacity. Stop density, capacity utilization ratio, in-vehicle travel time, trip delay and fuel consumption had a significant negative impact on paratransit services. These findings provide an opportunity to develop more precise planning strategies aimed at improving paratransit service performance especially for cities moving toward public transport system integration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100058,"journal":{"name":"African Transport Studies","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100021"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143097866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A framework for assessing the financial sustainability of minibus taxi route typologies by means of onboard trip data cluster analysis","authors":"Dirk du Preez","doi":"10.1016/j.aftran.2024.100022","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aftran.2024.100022","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the Global South, including many African countries, informal paratransit plays a critical part in the economies of cities, transporting a major proportion of the workforce each day while providing employment, directly and indirectly, to thousands. In South Africa, paratransit refers to minibus taxis which mainly operate with fifteen-seater minibuses. In Cape Town minibus taxis dominate the public transport sector, servicing around two-thirds of the daily public transport commuter demand. It has previously been identified that minibus taxis in Cape Town have organically arranged themselves into a range of service typologies and in many cases operate within de facto ‘hybrid’ public-para transit service networks. This study builds on prior route classification evidence and analyses a more recent minibus onboard survey dataset collected by the City of Cape Town as part of the ongoing Integrated Public Transport Network planning data collection project. The focus of this study is on providing a framework for the assessment of the financial sustainability of the respective route typologies, and how this information can be leveraged to encourage improved cooperation between the industry and government to implement effective hybrid network arrangements, and to support the policy formulation and legislative changes required for a sustainable transition.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100058,"journal":{"name":"African Transport Studies","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100022"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143097868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing fuel economy and tailpipe emissions of road vehicles in Ghana","authors":"Godwin Kafui Ayetor ,&nbsp;Joshua Dugbenu ,&nbsp;Adilah Ahmed Duah ,&nbsp;Clinton Adewe ,&nbsp;Eugene Asare Agyei ,&nbsp;Emmanuel Affenyi ,&nbsp;Gyewohene Manfred Peasah ,&nbsp;Timothy Tettey Nartey","doi":"10.1016/j.aftran.2025.100040","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aftran.2025.100040","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In 2024, Ghana ranked among the top 40 countries worldwide with the highest levels of particulate matter (PM2.5) pollution. Many of the metallic components and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons of PM 2.5 are attributed to traffic exhaust. This study determined the fuel economy, carbon monoxide, hydrocarbon (HC), carbon dioxide (CO₂), and oxides of nitrogen (NOx) emissions of different categories of vehicles numbered 2530 in Ghana. Their contribution to the share of vehicle pollution is determined to aid policy decisions in pollution abatement. Fuel economy in liter gasoline-equivalent (Lge) was determined through onsite testing and surveys. Emission analysis was conducted with an exhaust gas analyzer. The difference between the real world (6 Lge/100 km) and standard fuel economy (9 Lge/100 km) of the vehicle fleet in Ghana was 50 %. Internal combustion engine (ICE) motorcycles had a fuel economy of 4.6 Lge/100 km for the city and 4.4 Lge/100 for rural areas, while electric motorcycle fuel economy was determined as 0.8 Lge/100 km. The electric tricycles recorded a real-world fuel economy of 1.9 Lge/100 km compared to 5.1 Lge/100 km for ICE tricycles. Light-duty ICE vehicles and their electric version had 9.1 and 2.04 Lge/100 km of real-world fuel economy, respectively. Trucks had the highest average fuel economy of 50 Lge/100 km, followed by commercial buses (42 Lge/100 km), minibusses (28 Lge/100 km), and light-duty vehicles (9.1 Lge/100 km), respectively. The electrification of Ghana's vehicle fleet would ensure an annual emission savings of 13.92 MtCO2e, reducing Ghana's total emissions by half. Diesel-fueled cars had the highest NOx emissions. However, smaller vehicles such as motorcycles and tricycles should be targeted to improve air quality because of their high CO and HC emissions. Motorcycle HC emissions were 2.6 times those of light-duty vehicles, 11.3 times those of minibusses, 23.6 times that of trucks, and 27.2 times that of commercial buses.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100058,"journal":{"name":"African Transport Studies","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100040"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143873183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On-road vehicular traffic emissions inventory and air quality on major roadways in Lagos City","authors":"Samuel A. Ajayi ,&nbsp;Charles A. Adams ,&nbsp;Gift Dumedah ,&nbsp;Obiora A. Nnene ,&nbsp;Fidelma Ibili","doi":"10.1016/j.aftran.2025.100034","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aftran.2025.100034","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) is a serious public health risk in today's cities, causing premature death and a wide range of global diseases such as respiratory, cardiovascular, and neurological disorders. This study evaluated a local emission inventory and monitored ambient air quality in the Lagos metropolis through roadside observations of five traffic air pollutants using portable emission devices on selected roadways. Traffic mobility metrics, such as flow, speed, and vehicle fleet composition, were recorded over eleven (11) hours daily. Geospatial analysis identified pollution hotspots across various emission monitoring points on each corridor. Findings revealed that arterial composition and traffic flow significantly influence emission levels. The highest traffic volumes were recorded during the morning (7–9 a.m.) and evening (4–8 p.m.) peak periods, while the lowest pollutant concentrations occurred during the afternoon (12–2 p.m.). Pollutant levels were notably higher at bottlenecks near intersections or in traffic jams compared to points farther from the road corridors. SO₂ and NO₂ concentrations indicated moderate pollution across all routes. However, CO, PM₂.₅, and PM₁₀ concentrations on commercial and industrial routes posed severe health risks, rendering the air quality unsafe to health. Enhancing air quality monitoring across Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) is essential for developing robust national responses to combat air pollution and safeguard public health.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100058,"journal":{"name":"African Transport Studies","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100034"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143529202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring narratives on the factors explaining the use of tricycles for commercial transportation, and leading indicators for road safety in Ghana","authors":"Joana Eva Dodoo ,&nbsp;Lydia Aframea Dankyi ,&nbsp;Joyce Kwakyewaa Dankyi","doi":"10.1016/j.aftran.2024.100020","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aftran.2024.100020","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Dominant narratives on the increasing road accidents in Ghana highlight the activities of tricycles taxis (popularly referred to as pragia) as a major contributory factor. Yet, the conversation surrounding this issue in terms of solutions to curb the increasing rate of accidents has mainly remained in the media space. This study seeks to fill this gap in knowledge by exploring the underpinning factors and leading indicators for road safety in Ghana. Specifically, the study seeks to (a) explore the motivating factors for continual usage of tricycles in Ghana; (b) find out riders' awareness about their contribution to road safety threats in Ghana; and (c) potential leading indicators for addressing road safety. To achieve these objectives, the qualitative research approach, specifically the phenomenological design was adopted for this study. The target population included all commercial tricycle riders, customers, trade association, and regulators at Cape Coast (Motor Traffic and Transport Unit (MTTU), Cape Coast Metropolitan Assembly, Driver Vehicle and Licensing Authority (DVLA). The convenience sampling technique was deployed to select commercial tricycle riders and customers while the purposive sampling technique was used to select the regulators (MTTU, trade Association and DVLA). Semi structured interview guide was the main tool for data collection. Data analysis was performed using the thematic content analysis. The findings show that causal factors for continued use of tricycles irrespective of the associated safety risks were mainly due to financial and social benefits, availability of customers and convenience, and the fun element. Further, unsafe behaviour, nature of the tricycle, and lack of regulations on the use of tricycles were identified as the causes of the increasing accidents. The findings further revealed that leading indicators for promoting road safety include making the tricycles safe by design, laws and regulations, education and sustainability plans. This study contributes to the body of knowledge on road safety and rural transportation, and provides evidence-based findings and recommendations for researchers and policy makers. It is envisaged that the findings will serve as bases for further research as well as provide grounds for industry players and manufacturers, and state actors to collaborate in the promotion of road safety through the design of safe systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100058,"journal":{"name":"African Transport Studies","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100020"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143097854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Leveraging vehicle-based speed data in monitoring roadway safety","authors":"Flavius Matata ,&nbsp;Francisca Kasubi ,&nbsp;Albert Mwauzi ,&nbsp;Priyanka Alluri","doi":"10.1016/j.aftran.2025.100046","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aftran.2025.100046","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In developing countries like Tanzania, bus transportation is vital, yet it is challenged by speed-related crashes. To improve safety, the government deployed Vehicle Tracking Systems (VTS), though their data is often underutilized. This study evaluates VTS trajectory data to enhance inter-regional bus safety by examining speed violations across different locations and times of day. Two case studies were analyzed: a 19.2 km section of Morogoro Road and the Dar es Salaam to Mwanza intercity bus route. Using second-to-second trajectory data from ten buses, the study compared desired and actual speeds to identify violations. Results indicate that speed violations based on location are independent of time of day, whereas violations are more frequent at night on the intercity route. The findings suggest that speed enforcement can be improved by targeting nighttime violations and areas without traffic police. Immediate detection and response to incidents are also possible, thereby enhancing overall road safety.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100058,"journal":{"name":"African Transport Studies","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100046"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144068183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Survival instincts in the aviation industry: How effective was Africa's regional COVID-19 recovery strategy?","authors":"Robert Tama Lisinge","doi":"10.1016/j.aftran.2025.100049","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aftran.2025.100049","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The COVID-19 pandemic devastated Africa's civil aviation industry, prompting the articulation of a continental strategy for its survival and recovery under the leadership of the African Union Commission. This article uses the concept of policy integration to analyse the effectiveness of the strategy. The analysis shows that the survival and recovery of the industry was mostly due to actions at the national level, such as financial support from governments, that were consistent with but not necessarily triggered by the continental strategy. The strategy was not legally binding, had no implementation plan and lacked a robust monitoring and evaluation mechanism. This article argues that enhancing the credibility, value addition and chances of success of regional strategies requires an active participation of member states in the design process; and strengthening of the administrative and technical capacities of the implementing entities. It also requires regional organisations to focus on actions that are within their control and have regional impact such as developing and deploying digital solutions to common problems. Full implementation of the Yamoussoukro Decision on the liberalization of air transport markets in Africa would strengthen the enforcement of regulations that are critical to the survival and recovery of the aviation industry from shocks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100058,"journal":{"name":"African Transport Studies","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100049"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144211864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analyzing the spatial and temporal variation of bus service quality in Maputo metropolitan area, Mozambique","authors":"Classio Joao Mendiate ,&nbsp;Alphonse Nkurunziza ,&nbsp;Atanasio Tembe ,&nbsp;Eduardo dos Santos Pelembe ,&nbsp;António Matos","doi":"10.1016/j.aftran.2025.100059","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aftran.2025.100059","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The quality of bus service varies significantly depending on the time of day and location of travel. This study analyzes data collected from January to December 2022 through a fare collection system installed on all large buses in the Maputo Metropolitan Area. It examines the relationship between different spatial travel patterns and the operational factors that influence bus service quality over time. The sample includes 10,827 bus users who traveled during three distinct weather seasons: the peak hot season (September to November), the wet season (December to February), and the cold season (June to August). For analysis, chi-square tests and heatmap with a dendrogram of hierarchical clusters were utilized. The results reveal these key findings: During peak hot season, despite the overall increase in bus demand, passengers traveling within the Central Business District (CBD) of Maputo City experience infrequent bus service due to lower demand in this urban area. In the peak rainy season, travelers commuting between the outskirts of Maputo city and surrounding cities, as well as those traveling within the CBD, face infrequent bus service and encounter buses with multiple mechanical issues. These problems primarily stem from poor road infrastructure, which frequently floods during the rainy season. In the peak cold season, passengers traveling between the outskirts of Maputo city and the surrounding cities have access to inadequate bus services, characterized by poorly maintained buses with worn tires. Also, passengers traveling within the CBD face high bus fares during peak cold season. This situation is exacerbated by a general decline in bus demand during the cold season, along with weak law enforcement, particularly in the afternoon peak hours and on secondary routes. These study findings can assist transport authorities in identifying when and where bus users are underserved, thereby designing targeted service quality improvement strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100058,"journal":{"name":"African Transport Studies","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100059"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144780919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the adoption of electric vehicles: Insights from Ghana","authors":"Charles Atombo ,&nbsp;Gideon Pappoe ,&nbsp;Maxwell Selase Akple ,&nbsp;David Adzah","doi":"10.1016/j.aftran.2024.100007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aftran.2024.100007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Electric vehicles (EVs) are eco-friendly automobile innovation and is evolving as a promising solution to global challenges such as energy scarcity and environmental pollution. However, adoption of EVs in Ghana remains limited. Hence, the study examined the underlying factors affecting EVs adoption in Ghana using web-based survey involving 902 participants across Ghana. The study employed Innovation Diffusion Theory and Binary Logistic Regression to address the objective. The result shows that gender, driving license, driving experience, vehicle ownership, source of information on EVs, and knowledge of EVs were significant demographic factors related to the adoption of EVs. Apparently, being male, middle age, driving experience ranging from 6 to 20 years, higher-income earners, private car owners, familiarity with EVs, and those with knowledge of EVs from sources like internet and school were more inclined to adopt EVs. Moreover, factors such as economic benefits, availability of charging infrastructure, environmental concerns, and self-image are more likely to increase EVs adoption. Categorically, the perception that EVs: save fuel, provide economic advantages, reduced air pollution, produced low carbon emissions, protect the environment, are easy to maintain and availability of repair resources are more likely to motivate the adoption of EVs. Furthermore, charging stations availability, personal image enhancement, and peer influence are closely related to the adoption of EVs. However, not opting to adopt EVs is closely related to concerns about tax incentives associated with owning an EV, the distance traveled before recharging, and the belief that EVs have low noise levels. Policy implications were also discussed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100058,"journal":{"name":"African Transport Studies","volume":"2 ","pages":"Article 100007"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2950196224000061/pdfft?md5=97b3bfc0c23232c1b10c4bc78742f4fb&pid=1-s2.0-S2950196224000061-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141639376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Segmenting and investigating pedestrian-vehicle crashes in Ghana: A latent class clustering approach","authors":"Cailis Bullard ,&nbsp;Emmanuel Kofi Adanu ,&nbsp;Jun Liu ,&nbsp;William Agyemang ,&nbsp;Steven Jones","doi":"10.1016/j.aftran.2024.100010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aftran.2024.100010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) pedestrians and cyclists account for approximately 26 % of the road traffic deaths, which is a considerable amount as it is well known that the majority (90 %) of the world's road traffic deaths occur in these countries. In Africa however, pedestrian and cyclist deaths account for 44 % of their yearly road related deaths. Ghana is no exception to this trend; in fact, it has been estimated that pedestrian crashes alone account for 36.7 % of road related deaths in the country. Therefore, the objective of this study is to use historical crash records from 2018 to 2020 to explore pedestrian-vehicle crashes in Ghana, to identify the groups of pedestrians represented in pedestrian-vehicle crashes by use of a latent class analysis (LCA) model, then conduct injury severity analyses using a mixed logit approach on each pedestrian group found in the LCA modeling. Results indicate that by segmenting the pedestrian crash data into homogenous groups, some variables were found to only be significantly associated with injury severity within some classes. Other variables were found to be significant across multiple classes yet experience different trends within each. For example, no traffic control was found to be significant within three subgroups but affect severity levels differently across classes. Further the darker hours of the day were more likely to be associated with fatal and major injury outcomes across multiple classes. This study provides new direction for studying different types of pedestrian crashes, particularly in LMICs and provides targeted interventions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100058,"journal":{"name":"African Transport Studies","volume":"2 ","pages":"Article 100010"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2950196224000097/pdfft?md5=97a15531dea439b5a46eb9de020e9c44&pid=1-s2.0-S2950196224000097-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142272412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}