Swappable green hydrogen trailers as an additional energy source to electric minibus taxis

Abstract

In light of global net-zero emission ambitions, the potential electrification of Sub-Sahara Africa's (SSA) paratransit with an electric alternative to the traditional minibus taxi (MBT) has received increased attention in recent studies. However, this has mainly focused on urban paratransit. As the same vehicle is used for long-distance paratransit on a weekly basis, the planning for the electrification thereof needs to include all aspects of the vehicle's use. In this paper, we focus exclusively on evaluating long-distance paratransit for electrification. Various routes between the Western Cape and Eastern Cape region in South Africa are analysed to determine their suitability for electrification. To address battery-electric minibus taxis' (eMBTs) extended charging time and limited range, we suggest a supplementary energy source to the vehicle: a hydrogen trailer (eMBT+H2). This addition, equipped with a swappable hydrogen tank and fuel cell, both increases range and enables swift energy replenishment. To address environmental concerns, green hydrogen used by this system is to be produced by an electrolyser using solar power. In contrast to conventional internal combustion engine MBTs with trailers, the new suggested model leads to a 2% reduction in travel time, while also reducing the number of required stops by up to 66%. In addition, operational emissions are 100% eliminated. The results indicate the possibility of electrifying long-haul paratransit by delving into a supplementary energy reservoir, without the need to acquire dedicated electric vehicles designed for long-distance purposes. Furthermore, the integration of solar energy renders this shift not only achievable but also a promoter of eco-friendly operations.