ACS Sustainable Resource Management最新文献

{"title":"The Plastic Footprint of Fruit Packaging: Strategies for Minimizing Climate Impacts via Optimizing Packaging Design and Use","authors":"Himani Yadav,&nbsp;Elvis D. Okoffo,&nbsp;Dario Caro,&nbsp;Alessandro Galli and Syeed Md Iskander*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acssusresmgt.5c00185","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acssusresmgt.5c00185","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Plastic packaging is unavoidable in the fruit supply chain; yet, its footprint remains a concern. We assessed the plastic footprint of fruit packaging by evaluating the packaging type, size, and polymer composition. CO₂ content was used as a proxy for plastic footprint, reflecting the plastics embodied in packaging and enabling consistent impact assessment. Eighteen fruit varieties were surveyed across U.S. supermarkets, primarily found in five packaging forms: open stock, bagged, boxed, bottled, and wrapped. Smaller packages had a higher CO₂ content per unit weight of fruits, emphasizing the importance of the packaging-to-product ratio. An exponential decline (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) was observed between fruit weight and normalized CO₂ content in boxed and bagged packaging. Reducing the package size from 1–2 kg to 0.1–0.25 kg increased the normalized plastic footprint by 98%. Open stock bags had the lowest CO₂ content (2.28 ± 0.02 g/kg of fruit), though often requiring checkout bags that can triple the footprint. Boxed packaging showed the highest footprint (168.53 ± 41.51 g of CO₂/kg), with a polymer content of 49.39 ± 17.72 g of PET/kg, 1.34 ± 0.72 g of PE/kg, 0.26 ± 0.11 g of PS/kg, and 1.58 ± 0.53 g of PVC/kg. These findings highlight the need for mono-material packaging and improved design standards that prioritize the packaging-to-product ratio to reduce plastic footprint in the fruit supply chain.</p>","PeriodicalId":100015,"journal":{"name":"ACS Sustainable Resource Management","volume":"2 8","pages":"1425–1436"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144906823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sustainable H2O2 Production via 2e– ORR on Alkalinized Tubular C3N4 from Melamine Waste Integrating with Fenton Wastewater Treatment","authors":"Hongyu Song,&nbsp;Huijing Ma,&nbsp;Haifei Wang,&nbsp;Yichan Wen,&nbsp;Chengcheng Cai,&nbsp;Jiyi Sun,&nbsp;Xufang Qian* and Yixin Zhao*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acssusresmgt.5c00228","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acssusresmgt.5c00228","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The utilization of waste resources stands as a sustainable approach for circular strategy. Herein, we report an alkalinized tubular carbon nitride (A-C₃N₄-T) catalyst derived from melamine waste, addressing waste utilization while exhibiting remarkable 2e^– ORR activity. Density functional theory calculations reveal its tailored electronic structure optimizes *OOH intermediate adsorption, promoting the 2e^– ORR pathway. The catalyst delivers a high H₂O₂ productivity of 26.2 mol g^–1 h^–1 under 300 mA cm^–2 and maintains operational stability for over 220 h. The tandem of H₂O₂ electrosynthesis and Fenton reactor was used for water treatment. This study elucidates the 2e^– ORR mechanism of melamine-waste-derived C₃N₄ and offers a sustainable strategy for H₂O₂ electrosynthesis and its integration into advanced oxidation processes, providing a future vision of oxidant self-supporting decentralized electrosynthesis/waste water treatment integration system.</p>","PeriodicalId":100015,"journal":{"name":"ACS Sustainable Resource Management","volume":"2 8","pages":"1476–1485"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144906824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Conversion of CO2 in Exhaust Gas to Formic Acid and Formamides with Wasted Silicon Recovered from End-of-Life Solar Panels","authors":"Ken Motokura*,&nbsp;Yurino Sasaki,&nbsp;Yusuke Tanimura,&nbsp;Takuya Shiroshita,&nbsp;Shingo Hasegawa,&nbsp;Kousuke Arata,&nbsp;Ryosuke Takemura,&nbsp;Kazuo Namba and Yuichi Manaka,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acssusresmgt.5c00056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acssusresmgt.5c00056","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Recycling end-of-use solar panels faces significant challenges due to the high volume of discarded panels. The recycling of Si wafers recovered from these panels has drawn attention. In this study, we combined the recycling of waste silicon wafers with the conversion of CO₂ in exhaust gas from a thermal power plant. The reduction of CO₂ using silicon wafers as a reducing agent produced formic acid and formamides in high yields. The exhaust gas was directly introduced from the power plant to the reactor. The reactions were effective in the presence of a tetrabutylammonium fluoride catalyst. Among the four silicon samples recovered from solar panels, those with higher surface aluminum content showed lower reactivity; however, pretreatment with aqueous HCl significantly enhanced their reactivity. Detailed characterization of the Si samples before and after the reaction was conducted by using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and N₂ adsorption–desorption isotherms.</p><p >This study presents the conversion of CO₂ in exhaust gas from a thermal power plant using silicon wafers recovered from end-of-life solar panels, producing formic acid and formamides.</p>","PeriodicalId":100015,"journal":{"name":"ACS Sustainable Resource Management","volume":"2 7","pages":"1220–1227"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/acssusresmgt.5c00056","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144806164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Selective Extraction of Nickel and Cobalt from Serpentine Minerals Using Carbon-Negative Carbonation-Assisted Leaching Technology","authors":"Kobina Akyea Ofori,&nbsp;William Hanson,&nbsp;Kaiwu Huang and Lei Pan*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acssusresmgt.5c00171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acssusresmgt.5c00171","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Serpentine is a group of hydrous magnesium–iron phyllosilicate minerals that contain both nickel (Ni) and cobalt (Co). To date, the extraction of both Ni and Co from nickel-bearing serpentine minerals has been technologically challenging and economically unviable. In this work, a carbon-negative leaching technology was developed to extract Ni and Co from serpentine-rich rocks while simultaneously sequestering CO₂ in the form of carbonate minerals. The conversion of serpentine to olivine using thermal activation was investigated under air and hydrogen environments. Lab-scale carbonation-assisted leaching trials showed that the hydrogen dehydroxylation process effectively transformed serpentine to olivine, increased the porosity of the feed minerals, and thereby enhanced the mineral carbonation efficiency. The carbonation efficiency reached 86%, with Ni and Co extraction rates of 80% and 75%, respectively, after 2 h. The carbonation efficiency was found to correlate strongly with the metal extraction efficiency, indicating that the limiting factor was the dissolution and release of divalent ions from the silicate mineral. Under optimal conditions, the activated serpentine mineral exhibited a CO₂ uptake capacity of 357 kg per ton of feed, with approximately 2.63 kg of nickel and 0.43 kg of cobalt recoverable per ton of the feed. These findings illustrate the viability of hydrogen dehydroxylation coupled with carbonation-assisted leaching technology to unlock critical minerals from unconventional low-grade nickel ore resources.</p>","PeriodicalId":100015,"journal":{"name":"ACS Sustainable Resource Management","volume":"2 7","pages":"1310–1318"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144805964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pyrolytic Characterization of Marine Algae Solieria filiformis as Renewable Energy Source and Its Effect on Gas Emission Profile during Co-pyrolysis with Waste PVC","authors":"Smitpuri Gosai,&nbsp;Srushti Agrawal,&nbsp;Amit Chanchpara,&nbsp;Tarini Prasad Sahoo,&nbsp;Neeta Maheshwari,&nbsp;Ramavatar Meena*,&nbsp;Madhava Anil Kumar* and Hitesh T. Saravaia*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acssusresmgt.5c00102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acssusresmgt.5c00102","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Non-isothermal kinetic assessment of seaweed biomass (e.g., <i>Solieria filiformis</i>) was studied using three different iso-conversional kinetic methods to calculate activation energy. <i>S. filiformis</i> biomass decomposed in three stages: Zone I (300–457 K), Zone II (458–845 K), and Zone III (846–1150 K), respectively. Average activation energies for Zone I, Zone II, and Zone III were observed in the ranges of 73–77, 281–366, and 441–448 kJ/mol with Kissinger–Akahira–Sunose (KAS), Flynn–Wall–Ozawa (FWO), and Starink methods, respectively. In this study, three blends of <i>S. filiformis</i> biomass with poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) waste in 30:70 w/w, 50:50 w/w, and 70:30 w/w were prepared and screened based on thermal decomposition temperature to understand the effect of co-pyrolysis. Co-pyrolysis has shifted the decomposition temperature of PVC from 572 to 560 K (12 K) in a 70:30 w/w (biomass/PVC) blend and found suitable for the co-pyrolysis. In this co-pyrolysis blend, mass fragments of hydrocarbons and volatile components of waste PVC were monitored by a thermogravimetric analysis-mass spectrometry (TGA-MS) instrument. Results of this study revealed that emission of hazardous (HCl, <i>m</i>/<i>z</i> = 36; benzene, <i>m</i>/<i>z</i> = 78) components was decreased significantly in the presence of biomass, while commercially important hydrogen (H₂) and methane (CH₄) gas evolution was enhanced.</p>","PeriodicalId":100015,"journal":{"name":"ACS Sustainable Resource Management","volume":"2 7","pages":"1267–1277"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144807942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deconstructing Corn Straw Lignocellulose via Deep Eutectic Solvents to Enhance Hydrogen Production from Dark Fermentation","authors":"Quan Wang,&nbsp;Miaoyu Deng,&nbsp;Yicheng Yuan,&nbsp;Lei Yu*,&nbsp;Chen Liu* and Rong-Ping Chen,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acssusresmgt.5c00115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acssusresmgt.5c00115","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Investigating avenues for sustainable energy, this study assesses the role of deep eutectic solvents (DES) in the pretreatment of corn straw to boost hydrogen output through dark fermentation. We systematically applied six DES formulations to modify the structural and compositional characteristics of corn straw. The treatments aimed to optimize enzymatic accessibility by increasing the biomass’s surface area and crystallinity and decreasing its lignin and hemicellulose contents. The enzymatic hydrolysis efficiencies for choline chloride (ChCl)/oxalic acid (OA) and ChCl/monoethanolamine (MEA), under pretreatment conditions of 100 °C for 2 h, reached 0.375 and 0.289 g/g, respectively─over four and three times higher than that of the untreated corn straw. Correspondingly, these treatments also led to significantly enhanced hydrogen yields of 123.52 and 117.06 mL/g, compared to only 0.62 mL/g from the untreated sample. This study explores the impact of different functional groups of hydrogen bond donors (HBD) in DES on the effectiveness of corn straw pretreatment. It elucidates the changes in the composition and morphology of biomass during the process and investigates the mechanisms by which these alterations influence enzymatic hydrolysis and H₂ production.</p>","PeriodicalId":100015,"journal":{"name":"ACS Sustainable Resource Management","volume":"2 7","pages":"1278–1288"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144807893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sonication-Induced Enhancement of Enzymatic Saccharification of Sugarcane Bagasse: Statistical Optimization and Mechanistic Investigation Using Molecular Simulations","authors":"Umesh,&nbsp; and ,&nbsp;Vijayanand Suryakant Moholkar*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acssusresmgt.5c00118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acssusresmgt.5c00118","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Sugarcane bagasse (SCB), the solid residue produced by the sugar industry, is a potential substrate for the fermentative synthesis of value-added products. The present study has reported statistical optimization of the enzymatic saccharification of SCB and its intensification using 35 kHz ultrasound. Initial dilute acid and alkali pretreatment of 100 g of raw SCB yielded 43.7 g of cellulose-rich SCB (or ApSCB). Statistical optimization of enzymatic saccharification resulted in a total reducing sugar (TRS) yield of 388 mg/g ApSCB (16.9 g) with a glucose content of 330 mg/g ApSCB (14.4 g). In ultrasound-assisted saccharification with a 10% duty cycle, the TRS yield was enhanced by 1.7× to 660 mg/g ApSCB (28.9 g) with 85% (24.5 g) glucose content. Analysis of the changes induced by sonication in the secondary structure of enzymes revealed the unfolding of the enzyme structure with the rise in random coil content. The random coil content of enzymes increased from 35.72 to 45.16, with a reduction in the α-helix content from 43.71 to 34.16%. Simultaneously, the molecular docking of the enzyme–ligand complex was carried out for both enzymes, viz., the combinations of endoglucanase–cellulose (binding energy = −4.16 kcal/mol) and β-glucosidase–cellobiose (binding energy = −7.42 kcal/mol). The molecular docking revealed that residues involved in the cellulose and cellobiose binding sites were in random coil regions. Thus, sonication resulted in opening the binding sites of enzymes with easier access to the substrate, which enhanced the enzyme activities with a higher TRS yield.</p>","PeriodicalId":100015,"journal":{"name":"ACS Sustainable Resource Management","volume":"2 7","pages":"1289–1299"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144807937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Simultaneous and Hybrid Saccharification-Fermentation of Agavin Derived from Agave Leaves Using rInu-ISO3 Inulinase and Cupriavidus necator H16 for an Efficient Polyhydroxybutyrate Production","authors":"Fernando Guzmán-Lagunes,&nbsp;Salvador Negrete Lira,&nbsp;Jonathan Trapala,&nbsp;Carlos Guerrero-Sanchez,&nbsp;Eduardo Bárzana and Carmina Montiel*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acssusresmgt.5c00065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acssusresmgt.5c00065","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Agave residues from the tequila industry contain branched inulin (agavin), and this structure limits its efficient utilization. Hence, inulin hydrolysis has been proposed as a strategy for valorizing agave residues. This contribution describes the utilization of recombinant inulinase (rInu-ISO3), an enzyme, to degrade agavin derived from agave residues. The hydrolysis products are used by <i>Cupriavidus necator</i> H16 to simultaneously produce polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB). Within this approach and in line with process intensification principles to increase energy and cost efficiency, two strategies were assessed for the saccharification and fermentation stages, namely, Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation (SSF) and Hybrid Hydrolysis and Fermentation (HHF). A maximum biomass titter of 6.5 g L^–1 with a PHB accumulation of 58 wt % was achieved after 5 min of hydrolysis reaction using an HHF strategy, whereas the SSF method yielded 5.1 g L^–1 of biomass with a polymer content of 55 wt %. The obtained materials were characterized by using proton nuclear magnetic resonance (¹H NMR) and size exclusion chromatography (SEC), which confirms the presence of PHB with a number-average molar mass (<i>M</i>_n) of 537 kDa and a dispersity (<i>D</i>̵) value of 2.4. In comparison with similar reported systems focusing on the valorization of inulin, the results of these current research efforts may represent a milestone to demonstrate the feasibility of using the rInu-ISO3 enzyme to produce chemicals of added value from waste biomass while offering an alternative to alleviate the ongoing environmental crisis derived from petroleum.</p><p >Agavin, a complex carbohydrate, is hydrolyzed with an in-house enzyme, rInu-ISO3, to produce bioplastics. This process provides a sustainable alternative to petroleum-based plastics, while valorizing agave residues and contributing to reduced environmental pollution.</p>","PeriodicalId":100015,"journal":{"name":"ACS Sustainable Resource Management","volume":"2 7","pages":"1250–1259"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/acssusresmgt.5c00065","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144807808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Valorization of Biowaste for Sustainable 3D Printing in the Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Fields: Advances, Challenges, and Future Perspectives","authors":"Shivam Rajput,&nbsp; and ,&nbsp;Subham Banerjee*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acssusresmgt.5c00135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acssusresmgt.5c00135","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The use of biowaste in three-dimensional (3D) printing for pharmaceutical and biomedical applications provides a promising approach for waste valorization and sustainable manufacturing. Biowaste consists mainly of organic materials from municipal, agricultural, and industrial sources and offers a diverse range of resources for developing alternatives that are more eco-friendly than traditional materials. The potential of biowaste-derived materials in 3D printing technologies is discussed, highlighting their applications in drug delivery systems, tissue engineering scaffolds, and medical devices. Different types of biowastes, such as eggshells, marine eel fish skin, sheep wool, and lignocellulosic agricultural waste, have been successfully processed and incorporated into 3D printing processes, demonstrating their feasibility as sustainable raw materials. The unique properties of biowaste-derived materials, such as biocompatibility, biodegradability, and renewability, make them attractive candidates for pharmaceutical and biomedical applications. However, challenges such as mechanical properties, material consistency, and regulatory hurdles must be addressed to use biowaste in 3D printing. Future perspectives highlight the integration of biowaste-derived materials with advanced technologies, such as four-dimensional (4D) printing and smart materials, which open new avenues for personalized healthcare solutions. Comprehensive exploration of biowaste valorization has been carried out for 3D printing applications, especially in the pharmaceutical and biomedical fields, highlighting an innovative approach to sustainable materials development in these fields. Continued research and collaboration between engineers, materials scientists, and biological scientists are crucial for overcoming the current limitations and realizing the full potential of biowaste use in 3D printing for pharmaceutical and biomedical applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":100015,"journal":{"name":"ACS Sustainable Resource Management","volume":"2 7","pages":"1156–1174"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144807798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced Holocellulose Extraction from Corn Straw via Gemini Imidazole Compounds in Ethylene Glycol","authors":"Wenxi Lai,&nbsp;Weihua Yang,&nbsp;Shaoan Lei,&nbsp;Li Yu,&nbsp;Quanhong Tao,&nbsp;Jian Wei*,&nbsp;Xixin Yue and Yimin Hu*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acssusresmgt.4c00528","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acssusresmgt.4c00528","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Holocellulose, a key biomass material, holds broad potential in the energy, materials, and chemical industries. Here, we developed a novel method for its extraction by selectively removing lignin using Gemini imidazole salts and surfactants [C_<i>n</i>-m-C_<i>n</i>im]Br₂ (<i>m</i> = 1, 2, 4, 6; <i>n</i> = 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, 14, 16) in ethylene glycol (EG). Key factors, such as reagent concentration, alkyl/spacer chain length, pretreatment time/temperature, solid–liquid ratio, and straw particle size, were optimized. Under optimal conditions ([C₁-2-C₁im]Br₂/EG, 100 °C, 3 h), cellulose and hemicellulose retention reached 94.2 and 88.4%, respectively, with 73.1% lignin removal. The pretreatment solution remained effective for five reuse cycles. FT-IR, ¹³CNMR, TG, XRD, and SEM analyses confirmed the holocellulose’s composition and morphology, and the delignification mechanism was elucidated.</p>","PeriodicalId":100015,"journal":{"name":"ACS Sustainable Resource Management","volume":"2 7","pages":"1195–1203"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144806663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}