Wiley最新文献

{"title":"What We Know and What We Don't Know About the Function of γδ T Cells","authors":"Immo Prinz,&nbsp;Anja Meyer","doi":"10.1002/eji.70058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/eji.70058","url":null,"abstract":"<p>γδ T cells, long regarded as unconventional relatives of αβ T cells, have emerged as pivotal players in immunity, with unique biology and therapeutic promise. Recent advances in single-cell multiomics, refined mouse models, and human cohort studies have deepened insights into their TCR–ligand interactions, developmental pathways, and context-dependent functions. This mini-review synthesizes current understanding from structural studies of γδ TCR recognition and developmental regulation—including inborn errors of immunity—to adaptive-like clonal expansions shaped by infection, aging, and environmental cues. It also highlights their dual roles in cancer, where subsets can exert potent cytotoxicity or promote tumor progression, and discusses strategies to optimize their antitumor potential through checkpoint blockade, metabolic modulation, and engineered receptors. Beyond immunity to malignancy, γδ T cells contribute to tissue homeostasis, repair, and regulation of inflammatory processes in diverse organs, influencing outcomes in neuroinflammation, autoimmunity, and fibrotic diseases. Together, these perspectives form the foundation of a special issue in the <i>European Journal of Immunology</i> (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/toc/10.1002/(ISSN)1521-4141.T-cells) dedicated to advancing the understanding of γδ T cell biology and clinical potential.</p>","PeriodicalId":165,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Immunology","volume":"55 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/eji.70058","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145058004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Non-Destructive Measurement of Sugar Content in Litchis Using Visible and Near-Infrared Spectroscopy and Fuzzy Stochastic Configuration Network","authors":"Hongbiao Zhou,&nbsp;Feng Li,&nbsp;Ningyi Sun,&nbsp;Shuke Zhang","doi":"10.1111/1750-3841.70565","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1750-3841.70565","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Non-destructive measurement of sugar content in litchis is essential for achieving precise and efficient sorting. This study developed a predictive model for sugar content in litchis based on visible-near-infrared (Vis-NIR) spectral data and intelligent algorithms. To overcome the limitations of existing models, such as poor fitting performance and time-consuming training processes, an efficient fuzzy stochastic configuration network (FSCN) was proposed by integrating the strengths of fuzzy neural networks and stochastic configuration networks. The FSCN incorporates fuzzy membership functions to quantify uncertainties in input features and leverages the incremental learning mechanism of its stochastic configuration layer to dynamically optimize network parameters. This approach enhances the model's capacity to capture the complex nonlinear relationship between sugar content and spectral wavelengths. Furthermore, the effects of 12 spectral preprocessing methods and 4 feature extraction techniques were systematically evaluated. Using 656 spectral data samples from litchis, experimental results demonstrated that the combination of multiplicative scatter correction (MSC) with the successive projections algorithm (SPA) yielded the most effective outcome. The proposed FSCN model exhibited superior predictive performance, achieving an <i>R</i>² of 0.9676, a root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.5487, and a mean absolute error (MAE) of 0.4441. These values surpassed those obtained by partial least squares regression (PLSR), artificial neural networks (ANNs), and support vector regression (SVR). These findings confirm that the FSCN model is well-suited for accurate sugar content detection in practical litchi sorting systems.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":193,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Food Science","volume":"90 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145051089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Extensive Review and Analysis on Performance Improvement of Grid Tied Multilevel Inverter Using Optimisation Techniques","authors":"Paul Sathiyan Sam,&nbsp;Benin Pratap Chandran,&nbsp;Albert Alexander Stonier,&nbsp;Geno Peter,&nbsp;Vijayakumar Arun,&nbsp;Vivekananda Ganji","doi":"10.1049/pel2.70098","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/pel2.70098","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Traditional power generating is harmful to the environment; hence, renewable energy generation is becoming more popular. The performance of the converters that connect such power generation sources to the grid is critical. Multi-level inverters are used in solar-based photovoltaic applications as they offer better performance, structural flexibility and isolated inputs. To overcome the harmonic difficulties, the switching instances of these inverters are estimated offline utilising sophisticated computational approaches. Even though several optimisation tactics have been tried in the past, the switching frequency, modulation index, or both have been considered as fixed parameters. A 3Φ 11-level cascaded multi-level inverter was chosen for analysis in this study because it has been widely documented in studies on optimum switching instance determination. The best switching angles for various modulation indexes and switching frequencies were determined using five computational methodologies. The PV system with MLI has been developed in the MATLAB/Simulink environment and tested. The outcomes are compared with the existing work as well as the IEEE-519:2014 standard. The findings back up the inverter's better performance due to optimised switching employing the latest intelligent computational algorithms.</p>","PeriodicalId":56302,"journal":{"name":"IET Power Electronics","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/pel2.70098","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145051182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phospholipid Remodeling and Tri-Layer Membrane Reconstruction Mediate Cognitive Effects of Humanized Milk Fat Globules in Neonatal Rats.","authors":"Shaolei Wang, Fengzhi Qiao, Jian He, Jianxin Fu, Tongjie Liu, Huaxi Yi, Qinghai Sheng, Lanwei Zhang, Kai Lin","doi":"10.1002/advs.202507926","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/advs.202507926","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Human milk fat globules (MFG) are critical for cognitive development during early life. Here, the first study is presented to simulate the phospholipid composition of human milk fat globules and reconstruct their tri-layer membrane to evaluate their effects on cognitive function. Humanized milk fat globule membrane phospholipids (MFGM-PL+SM) significantly promoted the proliferation and neuronal differentiation of hippocampal neural progenitor cells (NPC). Transcriptomic and proteomic analyses reveal that MFGM-PL+SM upregulated cholinergic signaling and neurotrophic factor pathways in differentiated NPC. Layer-by-layer deposition produced tri-layer milk fat globules (T-MFG) with enhanced stability and digestibility over single-layer milk fat globules (S-MFG). Formula supplementation with humanized MFG modulated serum metabolite profiles in rat pups, improving neurodevelopment and increasing hippocampal sphingomyelin levels. Moreover, key neurodevelopmental proteins in formula-fed pups approached levels observed in breastfed controls. These findings highlight the potential of humanized MFG to support infant cognitive development and provide insights for designing enriched infant formulas.</p>","PeriodicalId":117,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Science","volume":" ","pages":"e07926"},"PeriodicalIF":14.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145058120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Minimally Invasive Framework Reveals Region-Specific Cerebrovascular Remodeling in Aging Using Intravital Functional Ultrasound Imaging and Ultrasound Localization Microscopy (fUS-ULM).","authors":"Sharon Negri, Adam Nyul-Toth, Madison Milan, Eva Troyano-Rodriguez, Sherwin Tavakol, Jennifer Ihuoma, Zeke Reyff, Rakesh Rudraboina, Rafal Gulej, Raymond Jang, Anna Csiszar, Zoltan Ungvari, Audrey Cleuren, David R Miller, Andriy Yabluchanskiy, Mickael Tanter, Stefano Tarantini","doi":"10.1002/advs.202510754","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/advs.202510754","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Aging impairs cerebrovascular structure and function, contributing to cognitive decline and dementia. Here, a novel, high-resolution, intravital imaging platform is presented that combines functional ultrasound (fUS) and ultrasound localization microscopy (ULM) through a chronically implanted, polymethylpentene (TPX) cranial window, a transparent implant that enables ultrasound imaging through the skull. This approach enables intravital, longitudinal, minimally invasive assessment of cerebrovascular structure and function across cortical and deep brain regions. Leveraging this platform, a new method is developed to estimate resting cerebral blood flow (CBF) by integrating microbubble (MB) velocity data from fUS with microvascular geometry derived from ULM. Notably, a significant age-related decline in the cortical arteriole-to-venule ratio (AVR) is discovered, introducing a novel biomarker of structural cerebrovascular remodeling. It is also validated that fUS can reliably assess neurovascular coupling (NVC) responses in aged mice. This study establishes a powerful, non-invasive, and repeatable investigative tool for future preclinical studies aimed at evaluating the efficacy of therapeutic interventions targeting vascular contributions to cognitive impairment and neurodegeneration.</p>","PeriodicalId":117,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Science","volume":" ","pages":"e10754"},"PeriodicalIF":14.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145058166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Naming It Is Not Enough: An Orienting Map for Understanding Conservation's Entanglement With Power","authors":"Katie Moon","doi":"10.1111/conl.13146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/conl.13146","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Power is frequently acknowledged in conservation as a limiting factor, something to be cited, problematized, or managed, less frequently is it engaged with as a lived, situated, and multidimensional force. This primer responds to a recurring issue in conservation: The tendency to name power without examining how we, as re-searchers, policy-makers, and practitioners, are entangled in its production and reproduction. Conservation is not neutral; it is interventionist. As such, it demands rigorous reflection on how our assumptions about the world, about who or what can act, change, or matter, shape the problems we see and the solutions we pursue. This paper introduces a reflexive framework that combines three onto-epistemological frames (objectivist, constructivist, and relational) with six dimensions of power (material, structural, discursive, symbolic, networked, and relational), each linked to differing assumptions of agency. It is intentionally reductive, reflecting how conservation often treats power as separable and locatable, enabling interventions to be rationalized and evaluated. A cross-cutting matrix enables users to trace how their own position shapes what they see, do, and make possible in conservation contexts; without such conscious engagement, even well-intended actions risk entrenching the inequalities and dynamics they aim to undo.</p>","PeriodicalId":157,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Letters","volume":"18 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://conbio.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/conl.13146","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145051245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beyond Pigmentation: The Regulatory Role of Carotenoids in Tea Flavor Formation","authors":"Wangxin Liu,&nbsp;Jiemei Shen,&nbsp;Xianliang Luo,&nbsp;Xucong Lv,&nbsp;Zhibin Liu,&nbsp;Li Ni","doi":"10.1111/1541-4337.70284","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1541-4337.70284","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Carotenoids are not only key photosynthetic pigments but also play a key role in shaping the flavor characteristics of tea. Finding out the dynamic changes of carotenoids in tea is of great significance for the precise control of tea quality. Accordingly, this review systematically introduced the biosynthetic pathways and regulatory mechanisms of carotenoids in tea plants and summarized recent advances in rapid detection techniques, particularly spectroscopic methods integrated with computational tools. During the processing of green tea, white tea, yellow tea, oolong tea, black tea, and dark tea, carotenoids underwent complex transformations, including autoxidation, photooxidation, thermal degradation, and enzymatic cleavage catalyzed by carotenoid cleavage dioxygenases (CCDs). Their volatile degradation products, such as β-ionone, α-ionone, linalool, safranal, and β-damascenone, are key volatile compounds that give tea its sweet, floral, and fruity aroma. Oxidative products derived from carotenoids during tea storage also influenced the evolution of tea flavor, increasing the complexity of its sensory characteristics. Overall, volatile carotenoid derivatives were characterized by low odor thresholds and favorable sensory attributes, making them important contributors to tea flavor quality. Tea withering, rolling, fermentation, roasting, drying, and storage are key stages in the degradation of carotenoids and are potential targets for precisely regulating the characteristic flavor of tea.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":155,"journal":{"name":"Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety","volume":"24 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":14.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145051144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Approaches to Determine the Flavor and Flavor Chemistry of Cocoa Beans and Cocoa Liquor","authors":"V. Chaudhary,&nbsp;G. Mongia,&nbsp;MaryAnne Drake","doi":"10.1111/1750-3841.70481","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1750-3841.70481","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Cocoa liquor is an important raw material for the chocolate manufacturing industry and directly influences the flavor of chocolate. Therefore, it is important to understand cocoa liquor flavor through sensory analysis and the sources of flavor through instrumental analyses. The first part of the review addresses the sensory characteristics of cocoa liquor. The latter two sections address the non-volatile and volatile compounds that influence these sensory characteristics. Approaches to extract volatile compounds from cocoa liquor are addressed along with extraction parameters that have been applied with cocoa liquor and related matrices, and the key extraction parameters that need to be considered for method development. Future work should encompass more studies that use sensory approaches (trained panel profiling and gas chromatography olfactometry) in conjunction with instrumental techniques to understand the flavor and flavor chemistry of cocoa liquor.</p>","PeriodicalId":193,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Food Science","volume":"90 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ift.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1750-3841.70481","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145051140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Porphyran Inhibits Osteoclast Formation Based on NF-κB Signaling Pathways and Accelerates Alveolar Bone Healing in Ovariectomized Mice","authors":"Pei Wu,&nbsp;Yizhou Wang,&nbsp;Sijing Chu,&nbsp;Zhonghua Duan,&nbsp;Yuqiong Wu,&nbsp;Yiguo Zhao,&nbsp;Yuhua Wang","doi":"10.1111/1750-3841.70447","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1750-3841.70447","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Osteoporosis is characterized by a disrupted bone remodeling process, with bone resorption exceeding bone formation, resulting in reduced bone mass and impaired bone defect healing. Porphyran (PYP), a sulfated polysaccharide extracted from seaweed, inhibits osteoclast differentiation in vitro. This study aimed to explore the effects of PYP on osteoblasts and osteoclasts and on bone defect healing in ovariectomized (OVX) mice. In vitro, osteogenic and osteoclastic differentiation was assessed in PYP-treated MC3T3-E1 and BMMs using ALP staining, Alizarin Red staining, TRAP staining, immunofluorescence, qPCR, and western blotting. In vivo, 8-week-old female C57BL/6 mice underwent ovariectomy followed by right maxillary incisor extraction to establish osteoporotic bone defects. The mice were divided into Sham, OVX, and PYP (OVX with PYP treatment) groups. The PYP group received daily oral gavage of PYP (200 mg/kg), while the Sham and OVX groups received equivalent saline volumes. Extraction socket healing progression was assessed at 0, 7, and 21 days post-extraction using ELISA, qRT-PCR, µCT scanning, and histomorphometric analysis. The results showed that PYP did not enhance osteoblast differentiation but inhibited osteoclast differentiation by suppressing the NF-κB signaling pathway and promoted alveolar socket healing in OVX mice. In conclusion, porphyran promotes alveolar bone healing in osteoporotic mice by suppressing osteoclastogenesis via NF-κB signaling inhibition, suggesting its therapeutic potential for bone metabolic disorders.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Practical Applications</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Porphyran (PYP), a natural seaweed compound, shows promise for creating bone-health supplements or dental recovery treatments. It helps reduce bone loss after procedures such as tooth extractions in osteoporosis patients while protecting the body's natural bone-building process. This plant-based solution could lead to safer clinical therapies for doctors and accessible natural products for people wanting stronger bones. Its gentle action makes it suitable for both medical use and everyday consumer health products.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":193,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Food Science","volume":"90 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145051175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Subsurface Behaviors of Hector's Dolphins Could Increase Their Risk of Bycatch","authors":"Ilias Foskolos,&nbsp;Mark Johnson,&nbsp;Deanna Clement,&nbsp;Olga Belonovich,&nbsp;Simon Childerhouse,&nbsp;Anton van Helden,&nbsp;Darryl MacKenzie,&nbsp;Mike Ogle,&nbsp;Heloise Pavanato,&nbsp;Roger Williams,&nbsp;Rochelle Constantine","doi":"10.1111/conl.13144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/conl.13144","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Hector's dolphins, endemic to New Zealand, suffer from bycatch in fishing gear. Fishing restrictions in inshore areas have reduced bycatch, although dolphins have been recorded outside these areas. We studied the subsurface movements and foraging behavior of 11 Hector's dolphins using high-resolution biologging tags to gain insight into their bycatch risk. Tagged dolphins traveled up to 15 km offshore, well beyond the boundaries of fishery exclusion zones, and regularly dove to the seafloor to forage at depths of up to 122 m. During these dives, the dolphins exhibited specific body postures that could increase their risk of bycatch. In addition, some dolphins produced very few echolocation clicks while traveling throughout the water column, potentially limiting their ability to detect nets. These subsurface behaviors may make Hector's dolphins more vulnerable to bycatch than previously thought, highlighting the need to reassess the efficacy of current protection measures.</p>","PeriodicalId":157,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Letters","volume":"18 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://conbio.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/conl.13144","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145051246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}