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{"title":"Letter: The Prognostic Role of IGF-1 in Chronic Liver Disease.","authors":"Muhammad Osama, Safiyyah Ubaid, Maryam Ubaid","doi":"10.1111/apt.18339","DOIUrl":"10.1111/apt.18339","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":121,"journal":{"name":"Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics","volume":" ","pages":"226-227"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142566682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Management of Muscle Cramps in Patients With Cirrhosis: A Systematic Review of Randomised Controlled Trials.","authors":"Andrew T Roberts, Joseph Makar, Jonathan Abdelmalak, Marie Sinclair, Adam Testro, Avik Majumdar","doi":"10.1111/apt.18398","DOIUrl":"10.1111/apt.18398","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Muscle cramps are common in patients with cirrhosis. Despite their prevalence and impact on health-related quality of life, there are no widely used clinical practice guidelines for management of muscle cramps in cirrhosis. The aim of this review was to critically evaluate current evidence regarding treatment of muscle cramps in cirrhosis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic review using PubMed, MEDLINE (Ovid), Embase, and Scopus databases was performed on 30 June by two independent reviewers to identify randomised controlled trials (RCTs) reporting interventions for muscle cramps in cirrhotic patients.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Twelve RCTs evaluating 13 distinct interventions were identified. Baclofen, methocarbamol, orphenadrine, and taurine supplementation reduced cramp frequency, severity, and duration when compared to placebo. Human albumin, pregabalin, and quinidine reduced cramp frequency compared to placebo. Pickle juice reduced cramp severity compared to placebo. BCAA supplementation and calcium carbonate were found to reduce cramp frequency compared to baseline. Stretching demonstrated a signal towards reducing cramp severity and frequency, and meditation had a signal towards reducing severity only when compared to baseline. Electro-acupuncture was the only intervention which demonstrated no therapeutic effect. Pregabalin was the only agent associated with significant side effects that limited its use.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Methocarbamol, orphenadrine, and taurine supplementation were found in placebo-controlled RCTs to be effective in reducing cramp frequency, severity, and duration in cirrhotic patients. All other interventions reported aside from electro-acupuncture demonstrated a positive impact on cramps. High-quality RCTs are needed to further investigate the use of these treatments in terms of comparative efficacy and safety.</p>","PeriodicalId":121,"journal":{"name":"Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics","volume":" ","pages":"44-64"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142643440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Abdominal surgery in patients with chronic noncirrhotic extrahepatic portal vein obstruction: A multicenter retrospective study.","authors":"Laure Elkrief, Corentin Denecheau-Girard, Marta Magaz, Michael Praktiknjo, Nicola Colucci, Isabelle Ollivier-Hourmand, Jérôme Dumortier, Macarena Simon Talero, Luis Tellez, Florent Artru, Magdalena Meszaros, Xavier Verhelst, Nicolas Tabchouri, Francisca Beires, Irene Andaluz, Massimo Leo, Mara Diekhöner, Safi Dokmak, Yliam Fundora, Judit Vidal-Gonzalez, Christian Toso, Aurélie Plessier, Juan Carlos Garcia Pagan, Pierre-Emmanuel Rautou","doi":"10.1097/HEP.0000000000000901","DOIUrl":"10.1097/HEP.0000000000000901","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aims: </strong>In patients with noncirrhotic chronic extrahepatic portal vein obstruction (EHPVO), data on the morbimortality of abdominal surgery are scarce.</p><p><strong>Approach and results: </strong>We retrospectively analyzed the charts of 76 patients (78 interventions) with EHPVO undergoing abdominal surgery within the Vascular Disease Interest Group network. Fourteen percent of the patients had ≥1 major bleeding (unrelated to portal hypertension) and 21% had ≥1 Dindo-Clavien grade ≥3 postoperative complications within 1 month after surgery. Fifteen percent had ≥1 portal hypertension-related complication within 3 months after surgery. Three patients died within 12 months after surgery. An unfavorable outcome (ie, ≥1 abovementioned complication or death) occurred in 37% of the patients and was associated with a history of ascites and with nonwall, noncholecystectomy surgical intervention: 17% of the patients with none of these features had an unfavorable outcome, versus 48% and 100% when one or both features were present, respectively. We then compared 63/76 patients with EHPVO with 126 matched (2:1) control patients without EHPVO but with similar surgical interventions. As compared with control patients, the incidence of major bleeding ( p <0.001) and portal hypertension-related complication ( p <0.001) was significantly higher in patients with EHPVO, but not that of grade ≥3 postoperative complications nor of death. The incidence of unfavorable postoperative outcomes was significantly higher in patients with EHPVO than in those without (33% vs. 18%, p =0.01).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Patients with EHPVO are at high risk of major perioperative or postoperative bleeding and postoperative complications, especially in those with ascites or undergoing surgery other than wall surgery or cholecystectomy.</p>","PeriodicalId":177,"journal":{"name":"Hepatology","volume":" ","pages":"152-167"},"PeriodicalIF":12.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140846474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reply: Regarding the use of decision curve analysis in predicting long-term complications of liver cirrhosis.","authors":"Chengnan Guo, Zhenqiu Liu, Tiejun Zhang","doi":"10.1097/HEP.0000000000000947","DOIUrl":"10.1097/HEP.0000000000000947","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":177,"journal":{"name":"Hepatology","volume":" ","pages":"E3"},"PeriodicalIF":12.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141174059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An integrated analysis of bile acid metabolism in humans with severe obesity.","authors":"Ömrüm Aydin, Annika Wahlström, Patrick A de Jonge, Abraham S Meijnikman, Wilhelm Sjöland, Lisa Olsson, Marcus Henricsson, Marcus C de Goffau, Stijn Oonk, Sjoerd C Bruin, Yair I Z Acherman, Hanns-Ulrich Marschall, Victor E A Gerdes, Max Nieuwdorp, Fredrik Bäckhed, Albert K Groen","doi":"10.1097/HEP.0000000000000938","DOIUrl":"10.1097/HEP.0000000000000938","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aims: </strong>Bile acids (BA) are vital regulators of metabolism. BAs are AQ6 secreted in the small intestine, reabsorbed, and transported back to the liver, where they can modulate metabolic functions. There is a paucity of data regarding the portal BA composition in humans. This study aimed to address this knowledge gap by investigating portal BA composition and the relation with peripheral and fecal BA dynamics in conjunction with the gut microbiome.</p><p><strong>Approach and results: </strong>Thirty-three individuals from the BARIA cohort were included. Portal plasma, peripheral plasma, and feces were collected. BA and C4 levels were measured employing mass spectrometry. FGF19 was measured using ELISA. Gut microbiota composition was determined through metagenomics analysis on stool samples. Considerable diversity in the portal BA composition was observed. The majority (n = 26) of individuals had a 9-fold higher portal than peripheral BA concentration. In contrast, 8 individuals showed lower portal BA concentration compared with peripheral and had higher levels of unconjugated and secondary BA in this compartment, suggesting more distal origin. The altered portal BA profile was associated with altered gut microbiota composition. In particular, taxa within Bacteroides were reduced in abundance in the feces of these individuals.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Characterization of the portal BA composition in relation to peripheral and fecal BA increased insight into the dynamics of BA metabolism in individuals with obesity. Peripheral BA composition was much more diverse due to microbial metabolism. About 24% of the portal samples was surprisingly low in total BA; the underlying mechanism requires further exploration.</p>","PeriodicalId":177,"journal":{"name":"Hepatology","volume":" ","pages":"19-31"},"PeriodicalIF":12.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141618747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) mediated dwarfing mutation provides a basis for CaCO₃ accumulation by enhancing photosynthetic performance in Ceratostigma willmottianum Stapf.","authors":"L Guo, J Lai, T Lei, C Liu, J Li, L Yang, S Gao","doi":"10.1111/plb.13737","DOIUrl":"10.1111/plb.13737","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ceratostigma willmottianum Stapf is a unique chalk gland (salt-excreting) plant from China, with a salt gland structure that excretes white crystals of calcium carbonate (CaCO₃), which has potential biomineralization and carbon sequestration functions. Due to the narrow distribution of wild germplasm resources, there is a lack of diversity of new varieties to satisfy commercial development and scientific exploration. Therefore, we used ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) mutagenesis to obtain new dwarf mutant germplasm, and analysed it in terms of morphology, growth, photosynthesis, salt glands, and excretion traits. All four dwarfing mutant strains (DM1, DM2, DM3, and DM4) exhibited extreme dwarfing (62.28%, 62.28%, 74.55% and 61.68% reduction in plant height, respectively), faster growth, increased belowground root biomass, and earlier bud differentiation and flowering. Photosynthetic capacity was enhanced: chlorophyll content, maximum quantum yield of PSII (Fv/Fm), effective quantum yield of PSII (ΦPSII), photochemical quenching coefficient (qP), electron transfer rate (ETR), net photosynthesis (Pn), intercellular CO₂ concentration (Ci), stomatal conductance (Gs), and transpiration (Tr), were significantly higher in leaves of DM mutants. The density of salt glands per unit leaf area and average Ca²⁺ excretion rate of individual salt glands increased significantly (especially in DM2), and CaCO₃ accumulation per unit leaf area was 28.57% higher than that of the wild type. Pearson correlation analysis showed that photosynthetic capacity was significantly and positively correlated with CaCO₃ excretion. The above study not only provided enriched new germplasm of C. willmottianum, but also important research material for studying the mechanism of CaCO₃ excretion by salt glands and carbon sequestration capacity of biomineralization.</p>","PeriodicalId":220,"journal":{"name":"Plant Biology","volume":" ","pages":"66-78"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142581621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metabolite analysis of peach (Prunus persica L. Batsch) branches in response to freezing stress.","authors":"Y Li, Y Wang, Z Wang, G Liu, R Chang, H Chen, J Li, Q Tian","doi":"10.1111/plb.13727","DOIUrl":"10.1111/plb.13727","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cold resistance in fruit trees has a direct impact on food production and scientific studies. 'Donghe No.1' is an excellent cold-tolerant peach variety. Metabolomic changes under freezing stress were examined to understand the mechanisms of cold adaptation. The UPLC-MS/MS system was used to identify differentially expressed metabolites (DEMs) in branches of 'Donghe No.1' under freezing stress for 12 h at -5°C, -20°C, -25°C, or -30°C. In total, 1096 metabolites and 196 DEMs were obtained at -5°C vs -20°C, -25°C, and - 30°C, while 179 DEMs and eight shared DEMs obtained at -5°C vs -20°C, -20°C vs -25°C, and -25°C vs -30°C. KEGG enrichment identified 196 DEMs associated with amino acid metabolism, linoleic acid metabolism, alpha-linolenic acid metabolism, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, and flavonoid biosynthesis under freezing stress. A metabolic network in 1-year-old peach branches under freezing stress is proposed. Moreover, these results enhance understanding of metabolite responses and mechanisms to freezing stress in peach and will help in future breeding of freezing-tolerant varieties and investigating tolerance mechanisms.</p>","PeriodicalId":220,"journal":{"name":"Plant Biology","volume":" ","pages":"92-101"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142542419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Infection by the Lungworm Rhabdias pseudosphaerocephala Affects the Expression of Immune-Related microRNAs by Its Co-Evolved Host, the Cane Toad Rhinella marina.","authors":"Tsering C L Chan, Boris Yagound, Gregory P Brown, Harrison J F Eyck, Richard Shine, Lee A Rollins","doi":"10.1111/mec.17587","DOIUrl":"10.1111/mec.17587","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Parasites may suppress the immune function of infected hosts using microRNAs (miRNAs) to prevent protein production. Nonetheless, little is known about the diversity of miRNAs and their mode(s) of action. In this study, we investigated the effects of infection by a parasitic lungworm (Rhabdias pseudosphaerocephala) on miRNA and mRNA expression of its host, the invasive cane toad (Rhinella marina). To investigate the cane toad's innate and adaptive immune response to this parasite, we compared miRNA and mRNA expression in naïve toads that had never been infected by lungworms to toads that were infected with lungworms for the first time in their lives, and toads that were infected the second time in their lives (i.e., had two consecutive infections). In total, we identified 101 known miRNAs and 86 potential novel miRNAs. Compared to uninfected and single-infection toads, multiple-infection animals drastically downregulated three miRNAs. These miRNAs were associated with gene pathways related to the immune response, potentially reflecting the immunosuppression of cane toads by their parasites. Infected hosts did not respond with substantially differential mRNA transcription; only one gene was differentially expressed between control and single-infection hosts. Our study suggests that miRNA may play an important role in mediating host-parasite interactions in a system in which an ongoing range expansion by the host has generated substantial divergence in host-parasite interactions.</p>","PeriodicalId":210,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Ecology","volume":" ","pages":"e17587"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142613304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Letter: Impact of HCV Eradication on Recurrence Pattern and Long-Term Outcomes in Patients With HCV-Related Hepatocellular Carcinoma Undergoing Radiofrequency Ablation. Authors' Reply.","authors":"Kuo-Cheng Wu, I-Cheng Lee","doi":"10.1111/apt.18381","DOIUrl":"10.1111/apt.18381","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":121,"journal":{"name":"Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics","volume":" ","pages":"232-233"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142581119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Meta-Analysis: Global Prevalence of Coeliac Disease in Type 1 Diabetes.","authors":"Sahand Karimzadhagh, Elahe Abbaspour, Maryam Shahriarinamin, Pourya Shamsi, Selvana Poursadrolah, Mehrdad Khorasani, Mahzad Daghighi, Arash Malek, Jouan Taheri Talesh, Govind K Makharia, Mohammad Rostami-Nejad","doi":"10.1111/apt.18373","DOIUrl":"10.1111/apt.18373","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Coeliac disease (CD) is common in patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D), but prevalence varies globally due to differing screening protocols. There have been substantial changes in screening guidelines over the past two decades.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To evaluate CD prevalence in patients with T1D, focusing on screening studies using antitissue transglutaminase (anti-tTG) antibody.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We searched PubMed, Web of Science, Embase and Scopus for studies published up to 11 December 2023 using keywords related to CD and diabetes. We used random-effects models for overall prevalence and all subgroups, with heterogeneity assessed using Cochran's Q test and the I² statistic performed in STATA 18.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We included 106 articles involving 65,102 T1D patients across 40 countries. The pooled CD seroprevalence and confirmed CD prevalence were 9% (95% confidence interval, CI, 8%-10%) and 6% (95% CI 5%-7%), respectively. The prevalence was higher in females and children. Denmark, Saudi Arabia and Libya exhibited the highest prevalence (11%), followed by India and Egypt (10%). Belgium, France, Germany, South Africa and the United States had the lowest prevalence (2%). High-income countries showed significantly a lower CD prevalence than middle-income countries (p = 0.03). Meta-regression based on the Human Development Index (HDI) indicated that countries with higher HDI have lower seroprevalence and confirmed CD prevalence.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Approximately 1 in 16 patients globally and 1 in 12 patients in Asia and the Middle East with T1D has CD. We suggest that all patients with T1D should be screened for CD.</p>","PeriodicalId":121,"journal":{"name":"Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics","volume":" ","pages":"8-31"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142574812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}