Sarah E Jackson, Jamie Brown, Lion Shahab, Sharon Cox
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This study aimed to examine whether motivation to stop smoking differs between those who smoke cigarettes daily vs. non-daily, and to explore differences in this association by relevant sociodemographic, smoking and vaping-related factors.</p><p><strong>Design and setting: </strong>Observational study using data drawn from the Smoking Toolkit Study, a representative cross-sectional survey in England, 2021-2024.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>13 277 cigarette smokers (≥16 y).</p><p><strong>Measures: </strong>Outcome variables were level of motivation to stop smoking (Motivation to Stop Scale), analysed as a 7-level ordinal variable and dichotomised to assess (1) no desire to stop smoking and (2) high motivation to stop smoking. The exposure variable was daily vs. non-daily smoking. Covariates and potential moderators were age, gender, socioeconomic position, presence of children in the household, strength of urges to smoke, vaping status, harm perceptions of e-cigarettes vs. cigarettes and survey year.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Non-daily (vs. daily) smoking was associated with greater motivation to stop smoking [adjusted odds ratio (OR<sub>adj</sub>) = 1.22 (95% confidence interval, CI = 1.13-1.32)]. Non-daily smokers were both less likely than daily smokers to report no desire to stop smoking [40.4% vs. 44.0%; OR<sub>adj</sub> = 0.85 (95% CI = 0.77-0.95)] and more likely to report high motivation to stop smoking [21.0% vs. 14.8%; OR<sub>adj</sub> = 1.78 (95% CI = 1.55-2.03)]. These differences in motivation-especially in the odds of reporting no desire to stop smoking-between non-daily and daily smokers were more pronounced among those who were older and less advantaged. Differences were less pronounced among those who reported no urges to smoke, those who vaped and those who perceived e-cigarettes to be less harmful than cigarettes.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In England, adults who smoke cigarettes non-daily appear to tend to be more motivated to quit smoking than those who smoke every day, especially among older and less advantaged people.</p>","PeriodicalId":109,"journal":{"name":"Addiction","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.3000,"publicationDate":"2025-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Associations between non-daily smoking and motivation to stop smoking: A population study in England 2021-2024.\",\"authors\":\"Sarah E Jackson, Jamie Brown, Lion Shahab, Sharon Cox\",\"doi\":\"10.1111/add.70159\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><strong>Background and aims: </strong>An increasing proportion of adults in England who smoke cigarettes do not smoke every day and may see quitting smoking as less important than those who smoke daily. This study aimed to examine whether motivation to stop smoking differs between those who smoke cigarettes daily vs. non-daily, and to explore differences in this association by relevant sociodemographic, smoking and vaping-related factors.</p><p><strong>Design and setting: </strong>Observational study using data drawn from the Smoking Toolkit Study, a representative cross-sectional survey in England, 2021-2024.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>13 277 cigarette smokers (≥16 y).</p><p><strong>Measures: </strong>Outcome variables were level of motivation to stop smoking (Motivation to Stop Scale), analysed as a 7-level ordinal variable and dichotomised to assess (1) no desire to stop smoking and (2) high motivation to stop smoking. The exposure variable was daily vs. non-daily smoking. Covariates and potential moderators were age, gender, socioeconomic position, presence of children in the household, strength of urges to smoke, vaping status, harm perceptions of e-cigarettes vs. cigarettes and survey year.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Non-daily (vs. daily) smoking was associated with greater motivation to stop smoking [adjusted odds ratio (OR<sub>adj</sub>) = 1.22 (95% confidence interval, CI = 1.13-1.32)]. Non-daily smokers were both less likely than daily smokers to report no desire to stop smoking [40.4% vs. 44.0%; OR<sub>adj</sub> = 0.85 (95% CI = 0.77-0.95)] and more likely to report high motivation to stop smoking [21.0% vs. 14.8%; OR<sub>adj</sub> = 1.78 (95% CI = 1.55-2.03)]. These differences in motivation-especially in the odds of reporting no desire to stop smoking-between non-daily and daily smokers were more pronounced among those who were older and less advantaged. 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引用次数: 0
摘要
背景和目的：在英国，越来越多的成年人并不每天吸烟，他们可能认为戒烟没有每天吸烟的人重要。本研究旨在研究每日吸烟者和非每日吸烟者之间的戒烟动机是否存在差异，并通过相关的社会人口统计学、吸烟和电子烟相关因素来探索这种关联的差异。设计和环境：观察性研究使用的数据来自吸烟工具包研究，这是2021-2024年在英国进行的一项代表性横断面调查。参与者：13 277名吸烟者（≥16岁）。测量方法：结果变量为戒烟动机水平（戒烟动机量表），作为7级有序变量进行分析，并进行二分类以评估(1)不想戒烟和(2)戒烟动机高。暴露变量为每日吸烟与非每日吸烟。协变量和潜在的调节因素是年龄、性别、社会经济地位、家庭中是否有儿童、吸烟冲动的强弱、吸电子烟的状况、对电子烟与香烟的危害认知以及调查年份。结果：非每日吸烟（与每日吸烟相比）与更大的戒烟动机相关[调整优势比(ORadj) = 1.22(95%可信区间，CI = 1.13-1.32)]。非每日吸烟者都比每日吸烟者报告没有戒烟愿望的可能性要小[40.4%比44.0%；ORadj = 0.85 (95% CI = 0.77-0.95)]，更有可能报告高戒烟动机[21.0%对14.8%；ORadj = 1.78 (95% CI = 1.55-2.03)]。这些动机上的差异——尤其是在报告无意戒烟的几率上——在那些年龄较大、条件较差的人身上表现得更为明显。在那些没有吸烟欲望的人、吸电子烟的人和认为电子烟比香烟危害小的人之间，差异不那么明显。结论：在英国，非每天吸烟的成年人似乎比每天吸烟的人更有动力戒烟，尤其是在老年人和弱势群体中。
Associations between non-daily smoking and motivation to stop smoking: A population study in England 2021-2024.
Background and aims: An increasing proportion of adults in England who smoke cigarettes do not smoke every day and may see quitting smoking as less important than those who smoke daily. This study aimed to examine whether motivation to stop smoking differs between those who smoke cigarettes daily vs. non-daily, and to explore differences in this association by relevant sociodemographic, smoking and vaping-related factors.
Design and setting: Observational study using data drawn from the Smoking Toolkit Study, a representative cross-sectional survey in England, 2021-2024.
Participants: 13 277 cigarette smokers (≥16 y).
Measures: Outcome variables were level of motivation to stop smoking (Motivation to Stop Scale), analysed as a 7-level ordinal variable and dichotomised to assess (1) no desire to stop smoking and (2) high motivation to stop smoking. The exposure variable was daily vs. non-daily smoking. Covariates and potential moderators were age, gender, socioeconomic position, presence of children in the household, strength of urges to smoke, vaping status, harm perceptions of e-cigarettes vs. cigarettes and survey year.
Results: Non-daily (vs. daily) smoking was associated with greater motivation to stop smoking [adjusted odds ratio (ORadj) = 1.22 (95% confidence interval, CI = 1.13-1.32)]. Non-daily smokers were both less likely than daily smokers to report no desire to stop smoking [40.4% vs. 44.0%; ORadj = 0.85 (95% CI = 0.77-0.95)] and more likely to report high motivation to stop smoking [21.0% vs. 14.8%; ORadj = 1.78 (95% CI = 1.55-2.03)]. These differences in motivation-especially in the odds of reporting no desire to stop smoking-between non-daily and daily smokers were more pronounced among those who were older and less advantaged. Differences were less pronounced among those who reported no urges to smoke, those who vaped and those who perceived e-cigarettes to be less harmful than cigarettes.
Conclusions: In England, adults who smoke cigarettes non-daily appear to tend to be more motivated to quit smoking than those who smoke every day, especially among older and less advantaged people.
期刊介绍：
Addiction publishes peer-reviewed research reports on pharmacological and behavioural addictions, bringing together research conducted within many different disciplines.
Its goal is to serve international and interdisciplinary scientific and clinical communication, to strengthen links between science and policy, and to stimulate and enhance the quality of debate. We seek submissions that are not only technically competent but are also original and contain information or ideas of fresh interest to our international readership. We seek to serve low- and middle-income (LAMI) countries as well as more economically developed countries.
Addiction’s scope spans human experimental, epidemiological, social science, historical, clinical and policy research relating to addiction, primarily but not exclusively in the areas of psychoactive substance use and/or gambling. In addition to original research, the journal features editorials, commentaries, reviews, letters, and book reviews.
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