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{"title":"Political and financial risks in developing countries: Implications for energy security and the transition to renewable energy.","authors":"Aiman Javed, Junaid Ashraf, Li Yong","doi":"10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.125961","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.125961","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study investigates the impact of political and financial risks on energy security (ES) and renewable energy adoption (REA) in developing countries. Utilizing a dynamic panel data approach with the Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) estimator, we assess how these risks influence various indicators of energy security and renewable energy investment across 36 developing countries from 1990 to 2022. Our empirical findings reveal that reducing political and financial risks enhances energy security and facilitates the transition to renewable energy sources. Lower political risk creates a stable environment conducive to long-term investments in the energy sector, while reduced financial risk lowers the cost of capital, making large-scale energy projects more feasible. The interaction of these risks fosters investor confidence, attracts foreign direct investment, and promotes innovation and competition within the energy sector. Additionally, GDP growth and trade openness positively impact ES and REA by providing financial resources and enabling the exchange of advanced technologies. However, high human capital levels may increase energy consumption due to greater economic activity and higher living standards, posing challenges to energy security and the renewable transition. These insights offer valuable policy recommendations for enhancing energy security and promoting sustainable energy transitions in politically and financially volatile environments.</p>","PeriodicalId":356,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Management","volume":"387 ","pages":"125961"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144172010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Schiff bases derived from 2,3-dimethoxylbenzaldehydes as antioxidant and antidiabetes agents: Synthesis, structural analysis, DFT computational, molecular docking and in vitro studies","authors":"Segun D. Oladipo ,&nbsp;Robert C. Luckay ,&nbsp;Kolawole A. Olofinsan","doi":"10.1016/j.rechem.2025.102471","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rechem.2025.102471","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Five Schiff base compounds were prepared by the condensation reaction between 2,3-dimethoxylbenzaldehyde and a series of amino-compounds. These were (<em>E</em>)-5-chloro-2-((2,3-dimethoxybenzylidene)amino)phenol (<strong>DMC</strong>), (<em>E</em>)-<em>N</em>-(3-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)-1-(2,3-dimethoxyphenyl)methanimine (<strong>DMCF</strong>), (<em>E</em>)-1-(2,3-dimethoxyphenyl)-N-(4-fluorophenyl)methanimine (<strong>DMF</strong>), (<em>E</em>)-2-((2,3-dimethoxybenzylidene)amino)-4-methylphenol (<strong>DMM</strong>), and (<em>E</em>)-2-((2,3-dimethoxybenzylidene)amino)-5-nitrophenol <strong>(DMN)</strong>. These compounds were elucidated using spectroscopic techniques such as UV–visible, FT-IR, NMR (¹H &amp; ¹³C) and mass spectrometry while elemental/combustion analysis was explored to confirm the purity of the compounds. Furthermore, the structures of <strong>DMM</strong> and <strong>DMCF</strong> were confirmed using the single crystal-Xray crystallography technique. In these structures, the central C9—C8—N7—C5(C6) plane is inclined to 2,3-dimethoxyphenyl ring at 8.59° and 2.01° for <strong>DMM</strong> and <strong>DMCF</strong> while it inclined to the phenol ring at 23.14° and 23.64° for <strong>DMM</strong> and <strong>DMCF</strong> respectively. Calculations using quantum chemistry showed that molecules with a hydroxyl group have a lower energy bandgap (∆E) than those without one. The α-amylase and α-glucosidase assays were employed to assess the ability of the compounds to treat diabetes. In both assays, all the compounds showed good antidiabetes activities except <strong>DMN</strong>. However, none of the compounds outperformed acarbose. Compound <strong>DMF</strong> displayed the highest α-amylase inhibitory potential with IC₅₀ value of 122.55 μΜ while <strong>DMC</strong> with IC₅₀ value of 88.50 μΜ exhibited the highest α-glucosidase inhibitory potential when compared to other compounds evaluated for both assays. Nitric oxide (NO), ferric reducing ability power (FRAP) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assays were used to measure the compounds' antioxidant capability. All the compounds showed excellent antioxidant potential and outshined vanillin (standard drug) in all the assays. Hydroxyl-containing compounds performed better than those without the hydroxyl group. For example, in DPPH assay, <strong>DMC</strong> has the highest DPPH free radical scavenging activity, with IC₅₀ value of 50.30 μM, followed by <strong>DMM</strong> and <strong>DMN</strong> having IC₅₀ values of 58.42 μM and 63.43 μM respectively. All the compounds complied with Lipinski's Ro5, suggesting that, they are less toxic and orally bioavailable.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":420,"journal":{"name":"Results in Chemistry","volume":"16 ","pages":"Article 102471"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144513838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Menstrual challenges and quality of life among medicals students - a cross sectional study","authors":"Deepa Singh ,&nbsp;Sujata Deo ,&nbsp;Vandana Solanki ,&nbsp;Pratibha Kumari ,&nbsp;Shweta Singh","doi":"10.1016/j.cegh.2025.102100","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cegh.2025.102100","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Menstrual cycle abnormalities and irregularities have a substantial impact on women's quality of life. Because of their intense academic environments, female medical undergraduates are particularly sensitive to stress-induced menstrual problems. This study explores the effect of irregular menstrual cycle on quality of life among female medical undergraduates due to their stressful academic environment.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A cross-sectional study was done at King George's Medical University, Lucknow, India from March 2023 to March 2024. Aged 18–25 years among 625 female undergraduate students were participated. To collect data WHOQOL-BREF and PSST-A tools were used for quality of life and severity of menstrual syndrome respectively along with menstrual assessment abnormalities. SPSS version 22.0 was used for statistical analysis, P value &lt; 0.05 was considered significant.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The mean age of participants was 21.22 ± 1.30 years. The majority of participants (83.2 %) belonged to the upper middle class and from urban area (97.7 %). Menarche occurred at an average age of 12.45 years. 72.5 % reported having regular menstrual cycle, whereas 17 % reported having infrequent cycle. Dysmenorrhea was reported by 91.4 % of participants with moderate pain being the most common. Premenstrual syndrome was prevalent in 90.9 % of subjects, with 41.3 % of them had moderate to severe symptoms. Irregular menstrual cycle had an effect on the social, psychological and physical aspect of quality of life.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The High prevalence of dysmenorrhea, premenstrual syndrome and menstrual irregularities indicated that there is a need for interdisciplinary action to understand the persistent impact on medical students and make their lives easier.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46404,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health","volume":"34 ","pages":"Article 102100"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144514194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mental health literacy and its determinants among late adolescents in South India: A cross-sectional study","authors":"Sooraj Kookal ,&nbsp;Jyothi Chakrabarty ,&nbsp;Linu Sara George ,&nbsp;Samir Kumar Praharaj ,&nbsp;Judith Angelitta Noronha ,&nbsp;Baby S. Nayak ,&nbsp;R. Vani Lakshmi ,&nbsp;Soyuz John","doi":"10.1016/j.cegh.2025.102101","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cegh.2025.102101","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Mental health literacy (MHL) plays an integral role in addressing mental health challenges, reducing stigma, and promoting well-being among adolescents. This study intended to assess the MHL level and identify its socio-demographic determinants among late adolescents in India, which has the world's largest adolescent population.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A cross-sectional study was carried out among 1536 late adolescents enrolled in undergraduate programs at institutions affiliated with Mangalore University in the Udupi district, Karnataka. Multistage cluster random sampling was used to recruit participants. Data were collected using the standardized Mental Health Literacy questionnaire -Young Adults and a socio-demographic proforma. One-way ANOVA and unpaired t-tests were used to compare MHL scores across demographic variables. Ordinal logistic regression was performed to identify the key determinants of MHL.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The mean global MHL score was 96.4 <span><math><mrow><mo>±</mo></mrow></math></span> 9.4, indicating moderate MHL. Among participants,83 % had moderate,15 % low, and 2 % high MHL. Higher MHL scores were associated with females (<em>P</em> &lt; .001), urban residence (<em>P</em> = .04), study streams (<em>P</em> &lt; .001), academic year (<em>P</em> &lt; .001), fathers' (<em>P</em> &lt; .001) and mothers' education (<em>P</em> &lt; .001), fathers' (<em>P</em> = .003) and mothers' occupation (<em>P</em> &lt; .001) and monthly family income (<em>P</em> = .01). Ordinal logistic regression identified sex, study streams, parental education, and mothers’ occupation as the key determinants of MHL.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The study found moderate MHL among the participants with significant socio-demographic disparities. Integrating MHL interventions into academic curricula, conducting campus-wide MHL campaigns, and improving mental health services in remote areas are essential to bridge these gaps.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46404,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health","volume":"34 ","pages":"Article 102101"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144514195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Model Risk of Volatility Models","authors":"Emese Lazar ,&nbsp;Ning Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.ecosta.2022.06.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecosta.2022.06.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A new model risk measure and estimation methodology based on loss functions is proposed in order to evaluate the accuracy of volatility models. The reliability of the proposed estimation has been verified via simulations and the estimates provide a reasonable fit to the true model risk measure. An empirical analysis based on several assets is undertaken to identify the models most affected by model risk, and concludes that the accuracy of volatility models can be improved by adjusting variance forecasts for model risk. The results indicate that after crisis situations, model risk increases especially for badly fitting volatility models.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54125,"journal":{"name":"Econometrics and Statistics","volume":"35 ","pages":"Pages 1-22"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75035461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing heat inequalities through the integration of building morphologies and socioeconomic conditions.","authors":"Yi Zhou, Yuchao Luo","doi":"10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.125967","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.125967","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The spatial heterogeneity of the urban heat environment is shaped by building morphology, while socioeconomic disparities dictate residents' exposure to heat stress. However, limited research integrates these factors to assess heat inequalities, which is crucial for identifying vulnerable areas most susceptible to urban heat. Therefore, this study examines heat inequality in six Chinese megacities by mapping neighborhood-level building morphologies, focusing on building density and height and integrating socioeconomic data. The analysis shows that neighborhoods of high density & low-rise (HDLR) and high density & mid-rise (HDMR) experience higher normalized land surface temperatures (NLSTs) compared to others. In contrast, medium density & high-rise (MDHR) and low density & high-rise (LDHR) have the lowest NLSTs. Higher population density and lower NDVI in older neighborhoods lead to more anthropogenic heat emissions and limited cooling, resulting in higher NLST in areas with the same building morphology here. Additionally, NLST generally decreases as house prices rise, with undeveloped areas showing slightly higher NLST due to lower NDVI. Consequently, the neighborhood of HDLR, especially those with older buildings and lower house prices, are the most vulnerable to urban heat in Chinese megacities and we emphasize mitigating this inequality through increased urban greenery.</p>","PeriodicalId":356,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Management","volume":"387 ","pages":"125967"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144155373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of tuberculosis infection in immunological-competent prison inmates using Interferon Gamma Release Assay (IGRA) in a central jail of Assam, India","authors":"Reema Nath ,&nbsp;Tulika Goswami Mahanta ,&nbsp;Nabanita Nirmolia ,&nbsp;Gargi Choudhury ,&nbsp;Mandira Chetri ,&nbsp;Gourangie Gogoi ,&nbsp;Ravi Baruah","doi":"10.1016/j.cegh.2025.102086","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cegh.2025.102086","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Abstract</h3><div>Tuberculosis, the leading cause of death among infectious origin, globally causes disease to more than 10 million people each year. Available estimates indicate a higher prevalence amongst vulnerable populations.</div></div><div><h3>Aim and objectives</h3><div>To estimate the prevalence of tuberculosis infection among immunological-competent prison inmates using Interferon Gamma Release Assay (IGRA) in a Central Jail of Assam, India, and to assess knowledge and practice related to tuberculosis infection, mode of transmission, and measures to prevent it.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted among immunological-competent-prison inmates of a Central Jail of Assam. The sample size was 220; calculated using nMaster software. Socio-demographic, environmental, anthropometric, behavioral, dietary, and knowledge were assessed. Interferon Gamma Release Assay test to detect Tuberculosis infection was done and all symptomatic were tested by NAAT (Nucleic Acid Amplification Test). Statistical analysis included univariate analysis, with Chi-square tests (or Fischer's Exact Test for small sample sizes) used to assess the association between categorical variables.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Tuberculosis infection was found in 24.2 %, while 71.2 % were negative and 4.6 % were indeterminate. History of Tuberculosis was present in 10.8 % (24) of which 37.5 % (9) had pulmonary Tuberculosis. Behavioral risk factors like current smoking were found among 33.8 % (75) while alcohol consumption was 63.1 % (140). Co-morbidity like diabetes [7 (3.2 %)], HIV/AIDs [1.4 % (3)], hepatitis B along with HIV [1 (0.5 %)] was present. Most participants [178 (80.2 %)] had ever heard of tuberculosis, while 53.6 % did not know how TB is transmitted. Anthropometric examination revealed the average body mass index as 21.82 ± 3.87 and the majority were on deficient diet.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Ongoing tuberculosis infection among prison inmate suggest implementation of different preventive strategies in prison like increasing awareness programs, regular screening, dietary improvement, environmental measures and better health care service provisions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46404,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health","volume":"34 ","pages":"Article 102086"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144514193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Testing liquidity: A statistical theory based on asset staleness","authors":"Davide Pirino ,&nbsp;Alessandro Pollastri ,&nbsp;Luca Trapin","doi":"10.1016/j.ecosta.2022.07.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecosta.2022.07.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Using asset staleness as liquidity proxy, two novel test statistics that allow to make inference on the level of liquidity of an asset and on the difference in liquidity between two assets are proposed. The (in-fill) asymptotic properties of the tests are established, and correct procedures to use the tests in multiple testing are provided. A simulation study confirms that the newly defined tests show desirable finite sample properties. Two applications show how the tests can be used for the investor’s asset allocation problem in a high-dimensional setting.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54125,"journal":{"name":"Econometrics and Statistics","volume":"35 ","pages":"Pages 23-40"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75886874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microplastics as an emerging threat to human health: An overview of potential health impacts.","authors":"Qingxin Luo, Haowen Tan, Mao Ye, Eun Hea Jho, Peng Wang, Babar Iqbal, Xin Zhao, Hui Shi, Hanqiang Lu, Guanlin Li","doi":"10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.125915","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.125915","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Microplastics have emerged as a pervasive environmental pollutant and can infiltrate the human body through ingestion via the digestive tract, inhalation via the respiratory system, and dermal contact, thereby posing significant implications for human health. Recent studies have confirmed the presence of microplastics in human tissues, including the placenta, blood, gastrointestinal tract, lungs, and reproductive organs, raising serious concerns about their potential toxicological effects. Due to the diverse sizes, types, shapes, and surface characteristics of microplastics, the pathways through which they reach various organs and their toxic effects on these organs can vary significantly. Despite growing evidence, the exposure pathways, toxic effects of microplastics on human health, and their underlying mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. This review provides a comprehensive overview of microplastic exposure pathways, their potential health risks, the emerging evidence linking microplastics to diseases, and existing research gaps. Additionally, the present review highlights the risks of microplastics to children's health. Children are particularly at risk due to their frequent hand-to-mouth behaviors, higher ventilation rates relative to body size, and immature biological barriers, all of which enhance their susceptibility to microplastic exposure and toxicity. By providing an integrated overview of microplastic exposure and its health risks, this review seeks to inform the pressing need for multidisciplinary research to elucidate the mechanisms of microplastic toxicity and to develop regulatory frameworks aimed at mitigating microplastic-related hazards.</p>","PeriodicalId":356,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Management","volume":"387 ","pages":"125915"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144172387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On tail-risk measures for non-integrable heavy-tailed random variables","authors":"Laurent Gardes","doi":"10.1016/j.ecosta.2022.10.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecosta.2022.10.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><span>The assessment of risk for heavy-tailed distributions is a crucial question in various fields of application. An important family of risk measures is provided by the class of distortion risk (DR) measures which encompasses the Value-at-Risk and the Tail-Value-at-Risk measures. The Tail-Value-at-Risk is a coherent risk measure (which is not the case for the Value-at-Risk) but it is defined only for integrable quantile functions that is to say for heavy-tailed distributions with a </span>tail index smaller than 1. Moreover, it is a matter of fact that the performance of the empirical estimator is strongly deteriorated when the tail index becomes close to 1. The main contribution is the introduction and the estimation of a new risk measure which is defined for all heavy-tailed distributions and which is tail-equivalent to a coherent DR measure when the tail of the underlying distribution is not too heavy. Its finite sample performance is discussed on a fire claims dataset.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54125,"journal":{"name":"Econometrics and Statistics","volume":"35 ","pages":"Pages 84-100"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81341236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}