Chenyu Gao , Dianming Chu , Xinyue Zhao , Xijun Zhang , Yan He , Wenjuan Bai
{"title":"Flow characteristics in a horizontal reactor for continuous preparation of carbon nanotubes","authors":"Chenyu Gao , Dianming Chu , Xinyue Zhao , Xijun Zhang , Yan He , Wenjuan Bai","doi":"10.1016/j.cep.2024.110013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cep.2024.110013","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study focuses on a sophisticated horizontal reactor designed to facilitate the continuous growth of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) through chemical vapor deposition (CVD). Experimental observations reveal that carbon production varies at different locations within the reactor, with higher yields typically found in the middle and rear zones. The flow dynamics within the reactor play a pivotal role in CNT growth, prompting a detailed simulation of the flow field using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). This simulation leverages fluid dynamics principles to assess the impact of various parameters on the flow field, ultimately identifying the optimal operating conditions. Findings indicate that temperature-induced density contrasts create cyclic flow patterns that can negatively affect CNT growth rates. However, the gas flow inside the horizontal continuous preparation reactor can be improved and optimized by adjusting and controlling the preparation parameters. Appropriately lowering the heating temperature and the mole fraction of propylene in inlet 2, within the range of conditions suitable for the growth of CNTs, while minimizing the perturbation of the flow field by the shape of the carriers, can promote more favorable CNTs growth.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9929,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering and Processing - Process Intensification","volume":"205 ","pages":"Article 110013"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142425444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zhuotai Jia , Mengyao Zhang , Shaoping Ma , Shuang Wu , Mingzhou Yu , Qinghua Zhang , Chao Yang
{"title":"Stress-blended eddy simulation of flow characteristics in stirred tanks with different curved blade impellers","authors":"Zhuotai Jia , Mengyao Zhang , Shaoping Ma , Shuang Wu , Mingzhou Yu , Qinghua Zhang , Chao Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.cep.2024.110015","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cep.2024.110015","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A high-performance impeller is crucial for enhancing material mixing in a stirred tank. In this work, the flow characteristics created by different curved blade impellers including staggered fan-shaped parabolic disc turbine (SFPDT), swept-back parabolic disc turbine (SPDT), asymmetric staggered parabolic disc turbine (ASPDT) and traditional parabolic disc turbine (PDT) in stirred tanks are investigated numerically by using the stress-blended eddy simulation (SBES) model with a sliding mesh approach. After successful validation of prediction accuracy, power characteristics, mean flow, turbulence characteristics, turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) transport, and trailing vortices behaviors of SFPDT, ASPDT, SPDT and PDT in stirred tanks are systematically evaluated. The results show that ASPDT leads to a significant asymmetric distribution in the axial direction for velocity, TKE and trailing vortices, but the radial jet reduces more severely in the radial direction. The fan-shaped geometry constrains the influence of asymmetric staggered structure on the TKE and trailing vortices distribution for SFPDT. The swept-back blade structure of SPDT results in the lowest power number and TKE values level. These results provide a foundation for the further development and application of high-efficiency impellers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9929,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering and Processing - Process Intensification","volume":"205 ","pages":"Article 110015"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142425491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Evandro Balestrin , Rita de Cássia Siqueira Curto Valle , Selene Maria Arruda Guelli Ulson de Souza , José Alexandre Borges Valle , Adriano da Silva
{"title":"Performance analysis of photocatalytic reactor with immobilized catalyst for emerging pollutants water treatment using cfd simulation and optimization method","authors":"Evandro Balestrin , Rita de Cássia Siqueira Curto Valle , Selene Maria Arruda Guelli Ulson de Souza , José Alexandre Borges Valle , Adriano da Silva","doi":"10.1016/j.cep.2024.110016","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cep.2024.110016","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>An annular labyrinth photocatalytic reactor design was optimized to degrade water emerging pollutants by combining CFD modeling and a Box-Benken experimental design with the desirability function method for the optimization. The optimization was performed by minimizing the pollutant degradation time and the reactor operational cost, varying three factors in the experimental design, the fins number in the labyrinth, the thickness of the annular region, and the solution transmittance. The range of variation levels was 5 to 9, 5 mm to 25 mm, and 35 % to 95 % respectively. The intrinsic kinetic model of the salicylic acid degradation used in CFD simulations takes into account the variations of pollutant concentration and light intensity. Results showed that the transmittance was the most significant factor in minimizing both degradation time and energy cost, followed by the annular reactor thickness and the fins number. The desirability method showed that the combination of the optimized reactor levels was 9 fins, thickness of 25 mm, and transmittance of 95 %. To verify the efficiency gain of the optimized reactor, it was compared the degradation time and the energy cost of the optimized reactor with a conventional annular reactor. The efficiency gain was about 53 %.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9929,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering and Processing - Process Intensification","volume":"205 ","pages":"Article 110016"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142425485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Swelling suppression mechanism on the weathered crust elution-deposited rare earth ores leaching process with cetyltrimethylammonium bromide","authors":"Qu-tian Zhang , Kai-min Zhang , Fang Zhou , Jian Feng , Xiao-yan Wu , Yi-xin Zhang , Li-sen Zhang , Jun-xia Yu , Ru-an Chi","doi":"10.1016/j.cep.2024.110014","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cep.2024.110014","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Weathered crust elution-deposited rare earth ore (WREOs), a national strategic resource, is usually <em>in-situ</em> leached by (NH<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> solutions to recover the rare earth in industry. However, a large number of (NH<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> solutions are required in the leaching process to ensure the high recovery efficiency of rare earth, which will cause the hydration swelling of WREOs, leading to the occurrence of landslides. To ensure the mine safety, it is necessary to inhibit the swelling efficiency of WREOs in the leaching process. In this study, the swelling performance of WREOs leached by (NH<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> was investigated. The effects of the presence of concentrations and leaching temperatures on inhibition of WREOs swelling and further the suppression mechanism was investigated. The results showed that the swelling efficiency of WREOs in 0.1 mol/L (NH<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> was 0.884 %. With the addition of 0.04 % cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), the swelling efficiency was reduced to 0.265 %. The lower temperature effectively inhibits the swelling efficiency of WREOs, while the pH of the leaching solution showed little to no effect. Zeta potential results showed that a small amount of cationic surfactant could balance the surface charge of WREOs, thus inhibiting its swelling efficiency. XRD and SEM results revealed that the swelling in WREOs was mainly due to surface hydration. This study can assist to solve the shortcomings of low leaching rate and lower the risk of the landslides in the mining process.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9929,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering and Processing - Process Intensification","volume":"205 ","pages":"Article 110014"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142425493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rauber D. Pereira , Letícia P. Almeida , Marina D.B. Sousa , Mariane M. Buffo , Ivan I.K. Veloso , Kaio C.R. Silva , Antonio J.G. Cruz , Alberto C. Badino
{"title":"Ethanol removal by stripping with CO2 reduced-size bubbles: Mechanical and thermodynamic entrainments","authors":"Rauber D. Pereira , Letícia P. Almeida , Marina D.B. Sousa , Mariane M. Buffo , Ivan I.K. Veloso , Kaio C.R. Silva , Antonio J.G. Cruz , Alberto C. Badino","doi":"10.1016/j.cep.2024.110011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cep.2024.110011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The efficiency of stripping processes for volatile compounds is governed by mechanical and thermodynamic entrainments, which play crucial roles in ethanol removal during the extractive fermentation process. These mechanisms depend on variables such as bubble diameter, ethanol concentration, liquid volume, pressure, and temperature. However, the quantification of each of them separately and their dependence on bubble diameter have never been addressed. The present study proposes a new methodology to evaluate both mechanical and thermodynamic entrainments, based on experimental data and thermodynamic equilibrium analysis of the bubbles in reactors with working volumes of 10.0 and 50 L, aiming to clarify the role that bubble diameter (microbubbles, fine and coarse bubbles) plays in these mechanisms. The results indicated that thermodynamic equilibrium was reached for any size of bubbles up to 5 mm in diameter, under a wide range of experimental conditions with specific gas flow rates from 0.22 to 10 vvm. Equally important, mechanical entrainment was found to enrich the gas phase in ethanol by a factor of 15, representing a higher concentration factor than for thermodynamic entrainment, which was inconceivable initially. This introduces a new and promising approach to intensify the stripping process of volatile compounds by means of mechanical entrainment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9929,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering and Processing - Process Intensification","volume":"205 ","pages":"Article 110011"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142425488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Liping Yu , Meiqin Zheng , Jiawei Wang , Zuoyi Yan , Wei Yao , Haohong Li , Huidong Zheng , Jingjing Chen
{"title":"Enhanced mixing characteristics of unbaffled U-shaped microreactor coupled oscillatory flow","authors":"Liping Yu , Meiqin Zheng , Jiawei Wang , Zuoyi Yan , Wei Yao , Haohong Li , Huidong Zheng , Jingjing Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.cep.2024.110009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cep.2024.110009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Microscale Oscillatory Flow Reactor (MOFR) can achieve good plug flow and micromixing performance simultaneously at laminar net flow conditions. An unbaffled U-shaped microreactor coupled with oscillating flow technology was designed to study the macro and micromixing performance. Firstly, the influence of oscillations on the flow performance was studied to reveal the formation rule of vortex. The simulation results showed that the continuous formation and destruction of periodic vortexes occurred in the microreactor with oscillation. With the increase of oscillation intensity, the vortex size in the radial direction first gradually increased and then becomes stable, and gradually moved axially, resulting in axial diffusion. Secondly, the effect of oscillation on the macromixing and micromixing performance were investigated. The results showed that the coupling oscillation could greatly improve the macromixing and micromixing performance. The macromixing and micromixing performance were promoted simultaneously at lower oscillation intensity and then tended to be flat due to the axial diffusion at high oscillation intensity. When <em>φ</em>>6.05, the minimum micromixing time and the maximum number of tanks can be achieved at the same time. At a velocity ratio of about 23, <em>FoM</em> reached a maximum of about 3.5.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9929,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering and Processing - Process Intensification","volume":"205 ","pages":"Article 110009"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142425487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xiao Dong, Shijie Yan, Xiaoyong Yang, Ningpu Liu, Shilong Du, Bingjie Wang, Fuwei Lv, Zhishan Bai
{"title":"Investigation on the effect of vertical baffle plate on droplet size distribution and mixing efficiency in Taylor Reactor","authors":"Xiao Dong, Shijie Yan, Xiaoyong Yang, Ningpu Liu, Shilong Du, Bingjie Wang, Fuwei Lv, Zhishan Bai","doi":"10.1016/j.cep.2024.110010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cep.2024.110010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Taylor reactor is a dynamic mixer based on the principles of Taylor vortex flow. However, traditional Taylor reactors feature smooth inner and outer cylinder surfaces, presenting challenges in achieving uniform mixing and efficient mass transfer. These limitations do not meet the requirements of modern chemical processes for highly efficient mixing equipment. This article introduces a novel Taylor reactor equipped with vertical baffle plates, designed to overcome these challenges. A comprehensive methodology combining CFD-PBM and experimental techniques was employed to investigate both droplet size distribution and mixing performance in the annular gap. Compared to traditional designs, the new device demonstrates significantly lower <em>COV</em> at 0.018 and Sauter mean diameter at 38.3 μm. Optimal mixing efficiency is achieved at rotating Reynolds number (<em>Re</em>) of 1.17 × 10<sup>5</sup> and inlet Reynolds number (<em>Re</em><sub>i</sub>) of 2.65 × 10<sup>3</sup>. Numerical simulation results suggest that vertical baffles effectively enhance liquid-liquid interactions including collision, interface contact, and droplet residence time within the annular gap. Moreover, increased turbulent stress in the flow field contributes to greater vorticity, turbulence intensity, and turbulent kinetic energy resulting in smaller droplet sizes and improved mixing efficiency. These findings provide a theoretical foundation for hydraulic structural optimization design as well as widespread application of Taylor reactors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9929,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering and Processing - Process Intensification","volume":"205 ","pages":"Article 110010"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142446808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Interdisciplinary approaches in process intensification: Building the next generation of engineers","authors":"Ines Esma Achouri","doi":"10.1016/j.cep.2024.110007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cep.2024.110007","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9929,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering and Processing - Process Intensification","volume":"205 ","pages":"Article 110007"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142425494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jie Cheng , Seyyed Abbas Nouri Gehraz , Saadi Khodamoradi , Dunya Jani Qali , Dheyaa J. Jasim
{"title":"H2-rich gas production from gasification of oily sludge via supercritical water technology: Synergy effect of KOH, K2CO3, and reaction parameters","authors":"Jie Cheng , Seyyed Abbas Nouri Gehraz , Saadi Khodamoradi , Dunya Jani Qali , Dheyaa J. Jasim","doi":"10.1016/j.cep.2024.110008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cep.2024.110008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Yielding H<sub>2</sub> as a sustainable gaseous fuel from oily sludge is of critical importance in mitigating the environmental effects linked with the usage of conventional fossil fuels. The deficiency in the drying of biomass has ensued to the exploration of supercritical water gasification (SCWG) as an effective method for harvesting H<sub>2</sub>-rich gas. This study utilized a combination of two alkali catalysts (KOH and K<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub>) in supercritical water to generate a H<sub>2</sub>-rich gas from a conventional oily sludge. The Box-Behnken design was utilized to assess the impact of different operational variables, including temperature (400–600 °C), feed concentration (FC) (between 5 and 25 wt.%), residence time (RT) (15–45 min), and catalyst to feed mass ratios (FMR) (0–0.50). The maximum production of H<sub>2</sub> at 3.22 mmolg-feed<sup>-1</sup> was achieved under optimal conditions of 600 °C, 32.76 min, and a KOH to FMR of 0.45 and K<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub> to FMR of 0.28.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9929,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering and Processing - Process Intensification","volume":"205 ","pages":"Article 110008"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142357313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Haniyeh Yousefi , Shima Akar , Hamid Niazmand , Seyed Ali Mousavi Shaegh
{"title":"Improvement of mixing efficiency in twisted micromixers: The impact of cross-sectional shape and eccentricity ratio","authors":"Haniyeh Yousefi , Shima Akar , Hamid Niazmand , Seyed Ali Mousavi Shaegh","doi":"10.1016/j.cep.2024.110006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cep.2024.110006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Microfluidic mixers with twisted geometries show promise for high mixing efficiency, especially at elevated flow rates. However, there is a lack of understanding regarding the optimal geometrical parameters to enhance mixing across various Reynolds numbers. This study aimed to explore the influence of pitch number, cross-section geometry, and eccentricity ratio on the performance of the twisted micromixer. The flow field in these micromixers was solved numerically and the mixing index and pressure drop were calculated for Reynolds numbers of 1 to 400. Twisted micromixers with rectangular cross-sections and aspect ratios of 0.5 and 2 outperformed those with square cross-sections by up to 34% in mixing efficiency, exceeding 90% efficiency for Reynolds numbers from 1 to 400. Moreover, the eccentricity ratio (ER) was studied for the first time in twisted micromixers in this study and demonstrated a critical role in improving the mixing performance. For low to intermediate Reynolds numbers, the highest ER of 0.75 showed the best performance, while for high Reynolds numbers, an ER of 0.5 was optimal. These insights offer valuable direction for designing high-performance micromixers for advanced microfluidic systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9929,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering and Processing - Process Intensification","volume":"205 ","pages":"Article 110006"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142425486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}