{"title":"A state of the art treatment route of flue gases using microbubbles","authors":"Parveen Dalal, Sridhar Dalai, Snigdha Khuntia","doi":"10.1016/j.cep.2025.110418","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cep.2025.110418","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The article presents a state-of-the-art method of removal of flue gases through the incorporation of microbubbles in the wet oxidation system. The solubility of SO<sub>2</sub> and NO<sub>X</sub> in water is the primary determinant for their simultaneous elimination in the wet oxidation process. SO<sub>2</sub> is soluble in water under specific optimal conditions, but NO<sub>X</sub> is nearly insoluble. However, application of suitable oxidants can transform NO/NO<sub>2</sub> into water-soluble HNO<sub>3</sub>. In this work, instead of expensive oxidation routes, the enhancement of flue gas mass transfer rate have been tested by incorporating microbubbles in the system. To overcome the challenge of lower NOx reactivity, Hydrogen peroxide served as the primary and only oxidant, while MBs facilitated the solubility and absorption rates of SO<sub>2</sub> and NO<sub>X</sub> in water. Several mass transfer properties act as the controlling factors for the process were evaluated to showcase the effectiveness of the process. Sauter mean diameter, gas holdup, specific interfacial area, volumetric coefficient for liquid phase mass transfer, kinetic parameters, Hatta number, and thermodynamic factors were assessed to understand their contribution to the mass transfer and reaction kinetics. The microbubble-assisted H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> oxidative technique for elimination of SO<sub>2</sub> and NO<sub>X</sub> was shown to be highly successful.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9929,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering and Processing - Process Intensification","volume":"216 ","pages":"Article 110418"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144364739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Karolina Śliwa , Paweł Śliwa , Marek Piątkowski , Nina Gałązka , Joanna Kolniak-Ostek
{"title":"Basil extracts obtained by green chemistry methods for cosmetic applications","authors":"Karolina Śliwa , Paweł Śliwa , Marek Piątkowski , Nina Gałązka , Joanna Kolniak-Ostek","doi":"10.1016/j.cep.2025.110415","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cep.2025.110415","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the present study, micellar extracts of <em>Ocimum basilicum</em> L. assisted by microwaves (MAE), as well as ultrasounds (UAE), were obtained using aqueous solutions of alkyl polyglucosides (APGs) with different carbon chain lengths, i.e., capryl glucoside, lauryl glucoside, and cocoyl glucoside. Extracts properties, such as antioxidant activity, total phenolic and flavonoid contents, were measured using spectrophotometric and chromatographic methods. Generally, the determined concentration of antioxidants was higher for extracts obtained in the microwave field. The total content of polyphenols and flavonoids was the greatest when coconut glucoside was used. However, the extracts obtained with caprylic/caprylic glucoside provided optimal antioxidant properties. Hair shampoo with micellar basil extract had strong foaming properties and superior antioxidant activity compared to the base shampoo. APGs are non-ionic, biodegradable surfactants that are safe and mild to the skin so that these extracts can find a wide range of cosmetic applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9929,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering and Processing - Process Intensification","volume":"216 ","pages":"Article 110415"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144322593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Next-generation pervaporation-assisted distillation: Recent advances in process intensification","authors":"Maria Polyakova , Mirko Skiborowski","doi":"10.1016/j.cep.2025.110416","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cep.2025.110416","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pervaporation is a well-established membrane separation process that effectively overcomes limitations of distillation due to azeotropes and distillation boundaries. The selective mass transfer of pervaporation membranes has enabled successful implementation in a variety of industries, with applications in the chemical industry, as well as the food and pharma industry, including membrane bioreactors in fermentation processes. Yet, the majority of applications in separation processes remain focused on the dehydration of aqueous-organic process streams, including biofuel and bioethanol production. Pervaporation-assisted distillation processes leverage the benefits of both technologies and exploit the resulting synergies to provide energy and cost-efficient separations, especially for azeotropic mixtures, which otherwise require rather energy intensive distillation processes, such as pressure-swing, extractive or hetero-azeotropic distillation. The current review provides an overview of recent developments that enable further process intensification of pervaporation-assisted distillation processes and provides some perspective on emerging trends that may result in a wider application of these interesting hybrid separation processes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9929,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering and Processing - Process Intensification","volume":"216 ","pages":"Article 110416"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144322594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ying Yan , Xufang Guan , Ning Liang , Longshan Zhao
{"title":"The new choice for ultrasonic-assisted extraction of Laminaria japonica polysaccharides: a green and efficient deep eutectic solvent","authors":"Ying Yan , Xufang Guan , Ning Liang , Longshan Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.cep.2025.110405","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cep.2025.110405","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We established an environmentally friendly and efficient method to extract Laminaria japonica polysaccharides (LJPs) by utilizing ultrasound-assisted extraction in conjunction with deep eutectic solvents (DESs). Among the various DESs prepared, the composite DES of lactic acid and choline chloride exhibited the highest extraction rate of polysaccharides. Optimization of the extraction process was carried out using a single-factor experimental design. The highest polysaccharide yield was 33.72 %, and the ideal conditions were as follows: a liquid-solid ratio of 20 mL/g, a water content of 30 % (<em>v/v</em>), an extraction temperature of 60 °C, and a duration of 30 min, a molar ratio of 1:3. Subsequently, the response surface method was employed to further optimize the three main parameters. Moreover, the dosage was scaled up to verify the maturity and reliability of this process route, thus providing support for industrial production. Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FT-IR) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) images confirmed the extracts had the features of polysaccharides. Concurrently, we evaluated the antioxidant activity of the LJPs, which demonstrated significant free radical scavenging capabilities. The greenness of this analytical method was evaluated by using the Green Analytical Procedure Index (ComplexGAPI), demonstrating that this method complies with the concept of sustainable development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9929,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering and Processing - Process Intensification","volume":"216 ","pages":"Article 110405"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144313945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Review, challenges, and prospects of the process of alkaloid extraction from plants","authors":"Liping Liu, Tongchuan Suo","doi":"10.1016/j.cep.2025.110413","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cep.2025.110413","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Alkaloids are an important type of secondary metabolite in many organisms, exhibiting significant biological activity and pharmacological effects. In this review, we summarize the conventional procedure of alkaloid extraction, as well as the recent advances in the solvent-based and mechanic-based extraction methods, e.g., supercritical fluid extraction (SFE), deep eutectic solvents (DESs), microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), and ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE). We find that the advanced techniques are mostly at the laboratory scale while the conventional methods still dominate current alkaloid production. Hence, it is quite significant to investigate how to improve the classical alkaloid extraction processes. We expect that a data-driven scheme with the utilization of process analytical technology (PAT), process intensification (PI) and process data modeling is the most feasible for the community. However, implementation of novel techniques and PAT strategy to the industrial-scale production of alkaloids still faces significant technical and regulatory challenges, and hence developing typical paradigms is crucial in the foreseeable future.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9929,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering and Processing - Process Intensification","volume":"216 ","pages":"Article 110413"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144313944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ulderico Di Caprio , Florence Vermeire , Tom Van Gerven , M․Enis Leblebici
{"title":"Physics-informed machine learning predicting CO2 capture performances of organic mixtures","authors":"Ulderico Di Caprio , Florence Vermeire , Tom Van Gerven , M․Enis Leblebici","doi":"10.1016/j.cep.2025.110410","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cep.2025.110410","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>CO₂ capture through amine absorption is an effective technology for combating global warming. The development of innovative solvents can enhance this process by increasing CO₂ solubility and reducing the size of required absorption columns. However, these solvents often involve both physical and chemical absorption mechanisms, necessitating extensive experimentation to characterise new solvent mixtures, which slows innovation. This study introduces a hybrid physics-informed model to predict CO₂ solubility in absorption mixtures. The model is designed to predict the behaviour of novel mixtures by characterising individual absorption mechanisms and incorporating physics-based insights to evaluate the contributions of each mechanism according to the mixture type. We benchmarked the hybrid model against a data-driven approach, training it on comprehensive literature data across diverse mixture types. The hybrid model demonstrated superior performance with an R² of 0.929 on the test set, outperforming the data-driven model with an R² of 0.611. It also exhibited lower bias across mixture categories, greater robustness in predictions and their physical adherence as highlighted by the executed SHAP analysis. By enabling accurate digital predictions of novel solvent mixtures, this hybrid model promotes process intensification, accelerating the development of more sustainable CO₂ capture technologies and contributing to a greener future.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9929,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering and Processing - Process Intensification","volume":"216 ","pages":"Article 110410"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144335898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ruijie Zhang , Zhaoye Lin , Xuanyu Tao , Jiawen Yin , Yanwen Ma , Ying Sun
{"title":"An in-situ strategy of modified biochar–activated persulfate for low-temperature livestock wastewater treatment: Dynamic reaction kinetics and computational fluid dynamics-based multi-unit structure reactor design","authors":"Ruijie Zhang , Zhaoye Lin , Xuanyu Tao , Jiawen Yin , Yanwen Ma , Ying Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.cep.2025.110412","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cep.2025.110412","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Livestock wastewater treatment in cold regions is hampered by low temperatures, small scale, and dispersed wastewater. Our research group previously synthesized δ-MnO<sub>2</sub>/biochar (BC) material for early-stage wastewater treatment, which has good low-temperature application prospects. Static experiments show that the critical temperature to ensure efficient composite pollution removal is 15 °C. Herein, δ-MnO<sub>2</sub>/BC/persulfate was adopted as the core technology, the key parameters of wastewater treatment were explored through large-capacity continuous dynamic experiments, and a unit internal circulation reactor was designed and optimized. The kinetic experiment showed that the overall removal rate of antibiotics could reach 65.27 % ∼ 72.57 % under the optimal reaction condition and 15 °C. The removal rate of trace heavy metal Cd could reach 100 %. Combined with fluent simulations via computational fluid dynamics modeling and technology verification, an industrial dynamic continuous unit reactor was designed with a volume of 40 m<sup>3</sup>. After optimization, the designed multiunit reactor effectively ensured an internal water temperature of >15 °C, stable operation at external temperatures from −25 °C to −20 °C, and could withstand an extremely low outside temperature of −35 °C. This research describes an effective industrial treatment strategy for livestock wastewater in cold regions and provides a practical application of advanced oxidation technology based on catalytic materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9929,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering and Processing - Process Intensification","volume":"216 ","pages":"Article 110412"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144364738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nikolay Sirotkin , Anton Manakhov , Tao Chen , Anna Khlyustova
{"title":"Optimizing underwater plasma discharges: Role of electrode geometry and electrical design","authors":"Nikolay Sirotkin , Anton Manakhov , Tao Chen , Anna Khlyustova","doi":"10.1016/j.cep.2025.110409","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cep.2025.110409","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the optimization of underwater plasma discharges by examining the influence of electrode geometry and electrical design on contaminant removal efficiency. A plasma-chemical reactor capable of igniting multiple discharges within a solution was developed, utilizing iron and molybdenum electrodes to explore the electrical characteristics and energy distribution among discharge channels. Experimental results revealed that increasing the number of electrodes enhances discharge frequency, with the two-discharge configuration exhibiting the highest energy efficiency for chemical processes, including radical generation and hydrogen peroxide formation. Notably, the majority of input energy was dissipated as Joule heating; however, the two-discharge system demonstrated a reduced thermal gradient, favoring chemical reactions over thermal losses. Testing with a model dye-contaminated solution showed optimal degradation efficiency for the two-discharge setup, attributed to the synergistic effects of reactive species generation and electrode-derived oxide structures. Molybdenum electrodes, despite yielding lower hydrogen peroxide concentrations, achieved significant dye removal due to their high sorption capacity. These findings underscore the importance of discharge topology in reactor design, suggesting that sequential discharge architectures represent a promising approach to maximize oxidative capacity while minimizing energy dissipation. This work provides critical insights for advancing plasma-based water treatment technologies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9929,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering and Processing - Process Intensification","volume":"216 ","pages":"Article 110409"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144298431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Conjugate heat transfer simulation and additional thermal resistance analysis in pillow plate heat exchangers","authors":"Haonan Ye, Jingtao Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.cep.2025.110407","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cep.2025.110407","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pillow plate heat exchanger (PPHE) is a highly efficient heat exchanger element. The precise application of PPHE to heat exchanger scenarios can make a quantum leap in the field of heat exchangers. In this paper, we first added some missing power-law model relationships in the PPHE model. Including heat transfer and flow resistance coefficient of external flow channel, and heat transfer and resistance coefficient of non-circular welding spot models, which help to expand the heat transfer elements of welded plate heat exchangers. The focus of this paper is to investigate the heat transfer behavior more in line with the actual heat transfer process through conjugate convective heat transfer simulations. It is found that, in addition to the internal channel thermal resistance, outer channel thermal resistance, wall thermal resistance and fouling thermal resistance that exist in conventional heat exchangers, an additional thermal resistance exists in PPHE. The relationship between the magnitude of the additional thermal resistance and the Reynolds number of the flow in the inner channel outer channel can be represented by a power law model. This paper analyses in detail the causes of this additional thermal resistance, which will provide more accurate guidance for the design of PPHE heat exchangers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9929,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering and Processing - Process Intensification","volume":"216 ","pages":"Article 110407"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144307891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Impact of reactive holdup on process configuration selection: Is a neat reactive distillation column possible for ethyl levulinate production process?","authors":"Devrim B. Kaymak","doi":"10.1016/j.cep.2025.110400","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cep.2025.110400","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Besides several advantages, biodiesel has some shortcomings which need the utilization of fuel additives. At this point, ethyl levulinate comes forward as one of the alternative fuel additives with its better cold flow properties and high oxygen content. In the literature on ethyl levulinate production processes, excess of a reactant is used to overcome conversion limitations. This results in multi-column process configurations where additional distillation columns besides a reactive column are used to separate excess reactant. In this study, the conceptual design of a cost-effective process configuration including a single reactive distillation column is proposed. This idea is based on the use of a reasonably higher liquid holdup on reactive trays to get significantly higher conversion and eliminate the excess usage of ethanol. As the result, the desired purity of ethyl levulinate is achieved by a neat reactive distillation column which reduces the total annual cost by 34 % compared to the excess ethanol configuration in the literature. In addition, a control structure is designed for this process configuration, and its robustness is evaluated against disturbances in feed flowrate and composition. Dynamic simulation results show satisfactory base-level regulatory control for this neat reactive distillation column.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9929,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering and Processing - Process Intensification","volume":"216 ","pages":"Article 110400"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144279578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}