{"title":"Process-intensified in-situ transesterification of wastewater-grown Marvania coccoides biomass using immobilized lipase for biodiesel production","authors":"Farhad Jivani , Sankarshan Patwardhan , Ajay Shinde , Manoranjan Nayak , Abhishek Guldhe","doi":"10.1016/j.cep.2025.110580","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cep.2025.110580","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Microalgae can serve as a potential raw material for the development of sustainable biodiesel production. This study explores biodiesel production from Marvania coccoides cultivated in nutrient optimized wastewater (OWW), with a primary focus on evaluating and comparing <em>in-situ</em> and <em>ex-situ</em> transesterification processes. The OWW biomass achieved 937.5 ± 17.68 mg.L<sup>-1</sup> biomass yield with lipid content of 19.8 ± 0.99 %, indicating the suitability for biodiesel production. The elemental analysis showed high carbon and oxygen content, supporting its potential for biofuel. The acid value of microalgal lipids was found to be 10.71 ± 0.72 mg KOH.g<sup>-1</sup> indicating the necessity for enzyme and acid catalysis. Transesterification carried out using <em>ex-situ</em> and <em>in-situ</em> methods showed the highest fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) yield of 91.95 ± 0.32 % and 72.54 ± 0.84 %, respectively with immobilized lipase as catalyst. However, further process intensification assisted by sonication enhanced the FAME yield of <em>in-situ</em> transesterification, which showed a maximum FAME yield of 90.65 ± 0.77 % with immobilized lipase as a catalyst. Further, the catalyst reusability study demonstrated that immobilized lipase showed FAME yield of 64.2 ± 0.84 % in the fourth cycle. GC<img>HRMS analysis revealed the presence of major fatty acids enhancing biodiesel quality. The biodiesel fuel properties comply with ASTM <span><span>D6751</span><svg><path></path></svg></span> and EN 14,214 standards, indicating the potential of microalgae in biodiesel production through <em>in-situ</em> transesterification.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9929,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering and Processing - Process Intensification","volume":"219 ","pages":"Article 110580"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145265065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Blake N. Trusty , Shailesh Dangwal , Zachary Coin, Subhamay Pramanik, Ramesh Bhave, Syed Z. Islam
{"title":"2,3-Butanediol recovery from fermentation broth using membrane pertraction","authors":"Blake N. Trusty , Shailesh Dangwal , Zachary Coin, Subhamay Pramanik, Ramesh Bhave, Syed Z. Islam","doi":"10.1016/j.cep.2025.110579","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cep.2025.110579","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>2,3-Butanediol (BDO) has gained immense interest for use as a platform chemical in the production of many important chemicals such as synthetic rubber, plasticizer, and octane boosters. Using BDO as a precursor for sustainable aviation fuel production may significantly reduce the carbon footprint of the airline industry. However, recovery of BDO is challenging due to its relatively low concentration (∼10 wt %) in fermentation broth and its high affinity for water. In this work, we developed a membrane pertraction process for BDO recovery from biomass derived fermentation broth. Different organic solvents such as hexanol and oleyl alcohol were investigated. With traditional solvent extraction, hexanol required a solvent to feed ratio of 10 to recover >90 % BDO, and oleyl alcohol could recover 35 % of BDO at the same ratio. BDO recovery of >90 % was demonstrated with pertraction; a BDO extraction rate of 15 <em>g</em><sup>1</sup>m<sup>−2</sup>h<sup>−1</sup> was achieved using hexanol, and an extraction rate of 10 <em>g</em><sup>1</sup>m<sup>−2</sup>h<sup>−1</sup> was achieved using oleyl alcohol. Impurities commonly found in fermentation broth did not affect the separation performance of the pertraction process. This work demonstrates pertraction as a low-footprint, scalable method for recovery of high-purity BDO from fermentation broth.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9929,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering and Processing - Process Intensification","volume":"219 ","pages":"Article 110579"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145265063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Richard Hodgkinson , Carlos Brambila , John Nutter, Siddharth V. Patwardhan
{"title":"Rapid, in-line characterisation of a vortex mixer and its use for green synthesis of nanosilica","authors":"Richard Hodgkinson , Carlos Brambila , John Nutter, Siddharth V. Patwardhan","doi":"10.1016/j.cep.2025.110578","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cep.2025.110578","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Scaling-up nanomaterials synthesis is complex due to a lack of understanding of the effects of mixing and production scales on the process chemistry. The use of intensified mixers provide a way forward to address these challenges. To that end, this study represents a first step towards exploring the use of a vortex mixer to study the effects of mixing on the formation of nanosilica using a bioinspired green synthesis. Firstly, we designed a multi-inlet vortex mixer (MIVM) and characterised its mixing profile. To facilitate this process, enable faster measurements and address variability in the results, we designed and implemented an in-line measurement setup. The in-line setup was then used to characterise a vortex mixer and the results show excellent match between the custom-built setup and the traditional offline method, thus demonstrating its ability to provide a rapid and simple way for quantifying mixing. Finally, we explored the implementation of an MIVM for the green synthesis of silica for the first time. We observed that at higher flowrates when MIVM provides fast mixing, the conversion of the precursor, the yield and the product properties approached those of silica obtained from an ideally mixed batch system. Collectively, these results provide a clear pathway to help design future investigations to correlate the mixing conditions with emerging nanomaterials syntheses as well as enable their scale-up by implementing adequate mixing processes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9929,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering and Processing - Process Intensification","volume":"219 ","pages":"Article 110578"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145265068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yongqian Xie , Huanhuan Qin , Shujia Zhou , Jie Yu , Yulei Guan , Weiyu Bi
{"title":"Numerical studies of the enhanced thermal performance of regenerative cooling channel with triangular micro-rib","authors":"Yongqian Xie , Huanhuan Qin , Shujia Zhou , Jie Yu , Yulei Guan , Weiyu Bi","doi":"10.1016/j.cep.2025.110577","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cep.2025.110577","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Regenerative cooling technology plays a critical role in the thermal management of scramjets. However, its application in high Mach vehicles is limited by severe thermal stratification of <em>n</em>-decane, employed as a single-component surrogate for aviation kerosene, in the cooling channel. The incorporation of triangular micro-rib has received considerable attention for its potential to enhance fluid turbulence and heat transfer. To further elucidate these effects, this work employs computational fluid dynamics to simulate the cooling channel featuring a single triangular micro-rib with varying inclinations and placements. The simulations reveal that setting the triangular micro-rib close to the initial heating point yields markedly enhanced heat transfer compared to an end-positioned configuration. The optimal placement of micro-rib is determined to be 56 mm from channel inlet. This configuration raises the fluid outlet temperature by about 15 K over the smooth channel, achieving maximum total heat absorption. The triangular micro-rib with an aspect ratio <em>e</em>/<em>h</em> = 1/1 leads to an optimal trade-off, providing a heat sink of <em>n</em>-decane about 1.0 × 10<sup>3</sup> J/kg higher than that in rectangular rib channel, coupled with a 36.7 % reduction in stress compared to the <em>e</em>/<em>h</em> = 1/2 design.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9929,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering and Processing - Process Intensification","volume":"219 ","pages":"Article 110577"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145230064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gang Li , Zihan Lin , Xingchen Li , Mingjiang Shi , Yun Tang , Jiahao Yuan , Ruijun Liu
{"title":"Multiphase flow dynamics and separation efficiency enhancement in a novel cascade spiral gas-liquid separator: Numerical investigation and parametric analysis","authors":"Gang Li , Zihan Lin , Xingchen Li , Mingjiang Shi , Yun Tang , Jiahao Yuan , Ruijun Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.cep.2025.110575","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cep.2025.110575","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To overcome the limitations of conventional single-stage spiral gas-liquid separators exhibiting suboptimal separation efficiency, this research proposes an innovative cascade spiral gas-liquid separator (CSGS). The structure and operational mechanism of the CSGS were explained, a mathematical model of gas-liquid two-phase dynamics was established, and the force characteristics of the gas-liquid two-phase flow were investigated. Based on the velocity, pressure, and vortex characteristics of the two-phase inside the CSGS, the influences of the key parameters, such as flow rate, gas volume fraction and bubble size, on the separation efficiency were analyzed quantitatively. The study shows that flow rate reduction enhances two-phase separation efficiency, peaking at 98.97% at 2 m/s. When the gas volume fraction falls from 30% to 10%, the separation efficiency at the gas outlet decreases sharply from 97.71% to 29.73%, indicating significant impact of gas volume fraction reduction. Moreover, the increase in bubble size improves separation efficiency from 79.82% at 0.05 mm bubble size to 98.93% when exceeding 0.8 mm. This paper provides a reference for designing downhole gas-liquid separation tools and proposes a new idea for enhancing spiral separator separation effects.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9929,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering and Processing - Process Intensification","volume":"219 ","pages":"Article 110575"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145265062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Mass transfer during hydrate-based HFC134a gas separation using a vertical pipe reactor with a static mixer","authors":"Ryoka Seki, Ryosuke Ezure, Hiroyuki Komatsu, Hideo Tajima","doi":"10.1016/j.cep.2025.110573","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cep.2025.110573","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hydrate-based gas separation has attracted attention for the recovery of greenhouse gases because of its low material and environmental costs. We have previously proposed the use of a static mixer for the continuous operation of hydrate-based gas separation. To optimize the process, it is essential to regulate the hydrate formation and decomposition rates, recover the gas generated from the hydrate slurry, and determine the optimal reactor design and operating conditions. Hydrate formation in practical processes is often complex because the gas, liquid, and solid phases have various influences on the overall mass transfer. In this study, mass transfer during hydrate formation was investigated using a vertical pipe reactor with a static mixer containing an inner diameter that was two times larger (23 mm) than that of the previous study (11 mm). Notably, many tiny bubbles (< 2 mm in diameter) were observed in the hydrate slurry in the reactor, which hindered the mass transfer of hydrates. The correlation equation for the mass transfer coefficients obtained during hydrate formation in the bubble-hydrate slurry was determined using dimensionless numbers, based on the correlation determined for other gas-liquid mass transfer coefficients in bubble columns. Bubble deformation, oscillation, and hydrate particles facilitated superficial mass transfer during hydrate formation. The results suggest that bubble deformation and oscillation were inhibited by the adsorption of hydrate particles on the bubble surfaces.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9929,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering and Processing - Process Intensification","volume":"218 ","pages":"Article 110573"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145227258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pingnan Huang , Zhankun Weng , Wen Liu , Guanping Dong , Mingxuan Cao
{"title":"Secondary heat transfer enhancement design of manifold microchannels based on entransy theory","authors":"Pingnan Huang , Zhankun Weng , Wen Liu , Guanping Dong , Mingxuan Cao","doi":"10.1016/j.cep.2025.110574","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cep.2025.110574","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Manifold microchannel heat sinks (M-MHSs) are preferred solutions for ultrahigh heat flux heat dissipation in electronic chips. To further enhance heat transfer, the heat transfer mechanism of M-MHS was studied based on entransy theory, and a manifold and fractal coupling microchannel heat sink (MF-MHS) was proposed. The results revealed that the M-MHS can enhance heat transfer, which is attributed mainly to the impact effect and chaos flow caused by the transition of fluid from the manifold to the microchannel, leading to a greater entransy gain and lower entransy dissipation in the channel centre and near the channel wall. The proposed MF-MHS can further improve the entransy gain and decrease the entransy dissipation, thus enhancing heat transfer. Under the same Reynolds number, the comprehensive performance of the MF-MHS increased the convective heat transfer efficiency by 1.6 %-3.3 %. Finally, a reinforcement factor was proposed to evaluate the coupling effect on heat and mass transfer. The results revealed that although the MF-MHS can enhance convective heat transfer, the manifold-microchannel coupling effect will suppress the convective heat transfer performance. This work might provide guidance for the heat transfer mechanism analysis and active design for MHSs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9929,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering and Processing - Process Intensification","volume":"219 ","pages":"Article 110574"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145265069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Advanced characterization with multimodal measurement techniques for process intensification in gas–liquid tubular reactors","authors":"Jairo Murillo-Rincon, Alessandro Paglianti, Federico Alberini, Giuseppina Montante","doi":"10.1016/j.cep.2025.110570","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cep.2025.110570","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this work we investigate turbulent gas–liquid mixing and separation in a vertical pipeline equipped with Kenics Static Elements for process intensification applications in continuous operations. The investigation is based on Electrical Resistance Tomography, digital image analysis and pressure drop measurements to provide a comprehensive characterization of the two-phase system. The gas volume fraction distribution is calculated from the voltage difference measurement using two different reconstruction algorithms: the Sensitivity Conjugate Gradient and the Linear Back Projection. The Sensitivity Conjugate Gradient algorithm provides better resolution near the pipe wall and a clear detection of the asymmetric patterns typical of the helical elements. The bubble size distributions obtained from digital image analysis allow to assess the effectiveness of the static elements in providing mixing and separation, depending on their orientation. The spatial distributions of the gas phase measured by the optical and the tomographic techniques are adopted to obtain the average gas hold-up leading to similar results. Overall, the experimental data analysis demonstrates that optimal performance can be determined by balancing energy consumption and gas dispersion. The findings provide valuable insights for the design of in-line reactors where both efficient mixing and controlled separation are required.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9929,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering and Processing - Process Intensification","volume":"219 ","pages":"Article 110570"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145265060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mardi Santoso , Anton Royanto Ahmad , David Fernando Sinurat , Nurkholis Hamidi , Purnami
{"title":"Synergistic enhancement of hydrogen evolution reaction by bio-surfactant and visible light in alkaline water electrolysis","authors":"Mardi Santoso , Anton Royanto Ahmad , David Fernando Sinurat , Nurkholis Hamidi , Purnami","doi":"10.1016/j.cep.2025.110567","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cep.2025.110567","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents a green and scalable strategy to enhance hydrogen evolution in alkaline water electrolysis by integrating a natural bio-surfactant, Sapindus rarak, with visible light irradiation. Electrolysis experiments were conducted using 30 vol% KOH electrolyte supplemented with 0.5 M Sapindus rarak extract under red, green, and blue LED illumination (700 lumens). After 10 min of electrolysis at 9 V and 1.5 A, hydrogen yields increased significantly compared to the dark condition: from 8.3 mL (control) to 16.5 mL (red), 23.6 mL (green), and 29.1 mL (blue). These enhancements are attributed to the synergistic effects of reduced surface tension by the saponin-based surfactant and photothermal activation from high-energy photons. Blue light, having the highest photon energy (∼2.75 eV), induced the greatest temperature rise and HER acceleration. The system exhibited improved mass transfer, smaller bubble diameters, elevated pH, and increased current density under combined treatments. FTIR and UV–Vis analyses confirmed the amphiphilic and photoresponsive nature of the bio-surfactant. The findings demonstrate that combining renewable additives and light energy offers a cost-effective pathway to boost hydrogen production, aligning with sustainable energy goals.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9929,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering and Processing - Process Intensification","volume":"218 ","pages":"Article 110567"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145227255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Faezah Isa , Haslinda Zabiri , Syed Ali Ammar Taqvi
{"title":"Improving equilibrium based CO2-PCGLY process simulations via neural network-optimized Murphree efficiency: Accuracy and energy insights","authors":"Faezah Isa , Haslinda Zabiri , Syed Ali Ammar Taqvi","doi":"10.1016/j.cep.2025.110568","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cep.2025.110568","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Potassium carbonate promoted with glycine (PCGLY) has emerged as a promising solvent for CO₂ removal from high CO₂ content natural gas, offering enhanced absorption kinetics and reduced regeneration energy. While steady-state behaviour of CO₂-PCGLY systems is well documented, their dynamic performance remains underexplored. This posing a challenge for accurate simulation and control design. This study addresses the limitations of rate-based models in Aspen Dynamics by proposing an innovative equilibrium-based simulation framework in Aspen Plus V12.1 that powered by Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) to dynamically optimize Murphree efficiency. The ANN model enables rapid recalibration across varying operational conditions, achieving predictive deviations of less than 5% compared to rate-based benchmarks while significantly reducing computational load. At operating conditions of 15 wt% K₂CO₃+ 3 wt% glycine, and 40 bar, the system attains 75% CO₂ removal efficiency. Additionally, energy analysis through conceptual stripper design and process flow modifications reveals that solvent pre-heating delivers a 20.09% improvement in overall energy efficiency with minimal impact on separation performance. This integrated approach offers a powerful tool for advancing both simulation fidelity and sustainable process design in CO₂ capture applications using PCGLY systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9929,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering and Processing - Process Intensification","volume":"219 ","pages":"Article 110568"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145265064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}