Chemical Engineering and Processing - Process Intensification最新文献_第3页

Direct extraction of lithium from α-spodumene by alkali mechanochemical conversion and water leaching 碱-机械化学转化-水浸直接萃取α-锂辉石中的锂

IF 3.8 3区工程技术

Chemical Engineering and Processing - Process Intensification Pub Date : 2025-07-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.cep.2025.110438

Yasmim Pimassoni , Yashwanth Ramesh , Fei Zeng , Giuseppe Granata

{"title":"Direct extraction of lithium from α-spodumene by alkali mechanochemical conversion and water leaching","authors":"Yasmim Pimassoni , Yashwanth Ramesh , Fei Zeng , Giuseppe Granata","doi":"10.1016/j.cep.2025.110438","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cep.2025.110438","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As a main component in lithium-ion batteries, lithium is crucial for the energy transition. This work investigated the use of mechanochemistry to extract lithium directly from α-spodumene, thus bypassing the energy-intensive stages of decriptation to β-spodumene and roasting. The investigated method is based on mechanochemical milling with sodium hydroxide and water leaching. A full factorial design was implemented to study the effect of milling media size (2–10 mm) and NaOH-ore mass ratio (1.5–8.5) on lithium extraction. ANOVA was conducted to assess the statistical significance of the obtained results. The lithium extraction upon mechanochemical conversion ranged from 20 to 74 %, with the highest extraction observed with 10 mm milling balls and a NaOH-ore ratio of 8.5. XRD results highlighted the disappearance of α-spodumene, with increase in amorphous content and formation of sodium aluminosilicate. FTIR revealed the formation of sodium and lithium carbonates as well as the partial cleavage of the Si-O-Si bonds in α-spodumene. All results suggest that the extraction of lithium from α-spodumene take place upon (i) Li-Na replacement in the mineral structure of α<strong>-</strong>spodumene and (ii) complete alkali conversion, both resulting in the formation of a water-soluble lithium product.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9929,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering and Processing - Process Intensification","volume":"216 ","pages":"Article 110438"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144656367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Comprehending the effect of functionalized silica nanoparticles on amine blends for efficient carbon capture from synthetic flue gas 了解功能化二氧化硅纳米颗粒对胺共混物对合成烟气高效碳捕集的影响

IF 3.8 3区工程技术

Chemical Engineering and Processing - Process Intensification Pub Date : 2025-07-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.cep.2025.110437

Yogendra Kumar , Diksha Praveen Pathak , Ganesh Kumar , Jitendra Sangwai

{"title":"Comprehending the effect of functionalized silica nanoparticles on amine blends for efficient carbon capture from synthetic flue gas","authors":"Yogendra Kumar , Diksha Praveen Pathak , Ganesh Kumar , Jitendra Sangwai","doi":"10.1016/j.cep.2025.110437","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cep.2025.110437","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Amine-based absorbent was conventionally used for carbon capture, but its utility is limited owing to high-temperature operability, energy-intensive regeneration, lower recyclability, and corrosion issues. In this work, amine-derived nanoformulation is prepared using functionalized silica nanoparticles (fNPs), ethylene glycol, and conventional amines by a three-step preparation technique, followed by nanofluid stability and rheological studies. Rheological observations have shown viscosity decreases with temperature, and functionalized DEA (fDEA) has indicated viscous dominant behavior at 303 K and elastic dominant behavior at 323 K, and viscoelastic and viscous behavior for DEA at 303 and 323 K. Absorption experiments were conducted in an interfacial contact reactor using synthetic flue gas (CO<sub>2</sub>: N<sub>2</sub>–1:3 molar) at 303 and 323 K using water, water+functionalized nanoparticle, fDEA nanofluid, and conventional DEA (30 vol %) solution. fDEA demonstrates ∼8 % and ∼12 % higher molar absorption than DEA solution at 303 and 323 K. Moreover, fDEA has demonstrated ∼20 % and ∼25 % higher CO<sub>2</sub> capture efficiency (E30) than DEA solution at 303 and 323 K, respectively. Recyclability testing up to 3 cycles have shown better regeneration performance of fDEA than DEA. The superior absorption performance of fDEA for multiple cycles is attributed to additives and efficient micromixing during absorption and regeneration. This approach, in combination with other reactor contact strategies, will have an encouraging potential to capture CO<sub>2</sub> at industrial scales from high-temperature flue gas streams.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9929,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering and Processing - Process Intensification","volume":"216 ","pages":"Article 110437"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144656368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A comprehensive review of gas-liquid two-phase flow in static mixers 静态混合器内气液两相流研究综述

IF 3.8 3区工程技术

Chemical Engineering and Processing - Process Intensification Pub Date : 2025-07-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.cep.2025.110434

Yanfang Yu , Kexin Xiang , Huibo Meng , Wen Li , Deao Li , Ruiyu Xia , Zhiying Han

{"title":"A comprehensive review of gas-liquid two-phase flow in static mixers","authors":"Yanfang Yu , Kexin Xiang , Huibo Meng , Wen Li , Deao Li , Ruiyu Xia , Zhiying Han","doi":"10.1016/j.cep.2025.110434","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cep.2025.110434","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, the gas-liquid two-phase flow in the static mixer is comprehensively reviewed from the macroscopic hydrodynamic characteristics to the mesoscopic bubble dynamic behaviors. Firstly, the classification of static mixers and their applications in gas-liquid two-phase flow are summarized. Secondly, the research on energy efficiency and bubble characteristics in the static mixer is outlined. The experimental techniques for measuring the pressure drop (Δ<em>p</em>) and identifying bubbles are mainly introduced and the evaluation parameters of flow and mixing characteristics are analyzed, which includes Δ<em>p</em>, Sauter mean diameter (<em>d</em><sub>32</sub>) and volumetric mass transfer coefficient (<em>k</em><sub>L</sub><em>a</em>). The non-swirling and swirling flow patterns are systematically analyzed and the evolution characteristics of gas-liquid two-phase flow are discussed in horizontal and vertical static mixers. In addition, the multi-scale modeling method of coupling computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and population balance model (PBM) is summarized and the important theories of bubble dynamics are elucidated, which encompass bubble drag, coalescence and breakup models. The applicability and limitations of different models in predicting the bubble size are analyzed. Finally, the flow mechanism of gas-liquid systems in static mixers is systematically summarized and its future prospects are presented.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9929,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering and Processing - Process Intensification","volume":"216 ","pages":"Article 110434"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144605500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Numerical and experimental investigation of O/W dispersed flow characteristics in a dual-stage toothed continuous rotor-stator mixer 双级齿状连续转子-定子混合器O/W分散流动特性的数值与实验研究

IF 3.8 3区工程技术

Chemical Engineering and Processing - Process Intensification Pub Date : 2025-07-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.cep.2025.110427

Hongyang Wang , Xinjun Yang , Dongxiang Wang , Jiyun Du , Fangyang Yuan , Wei Yu , Shuchao Zhou

{"title":"Numerical and experimental investigation of O/W dispersed flow characteristics in a dual-stage toothed continuous rotor-stator mixer","authors":"Hongyang Wang , Xinjun Yang , Dongxiang Wang , Jiyun Du , Fangyang Yuan , Wei Yu , Shuchao Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.cep.2025.110427","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cep.2025.110427","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The effects of structural and operational parameters on the emulsification performance of a two-stage toothed continuous rotor-stator mixer (RSM) in water-in-oil emulsification are systematically investigated in this study. Experimental evaluation was conducted to assess emulsification efficiency, while flow field visualization revealed key features of the two-phase flow, offering insights into the droplet breakup mechanism within the mixing chamber. Results indicate that outer stator parameters—slotted area, slot angle, and slot width—significantly affect emulsification by altering flow distribution. Among operational factors, rotor speed and mixing time play dominant roles. Notably, high power input increases the probability of droplet breakup but does not guarantee smaller droplet sizes. In two-stage RSMs, a wider stator slot, due to its weaker pumping capacity and longer fluid residence time, enhances emulsification over short durations. A correlation between the Weber number and Sauter mean diameter was developed, providing a basis for optimizing RSM design and operation in emulsification applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9929,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering and Processing - Process Intensification","volume":"216 ","pages":"Article 110427"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144588012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Study of enhanced heat transfer on controllable preparation of melamine resin microcapsules: Stirring, dropping, spraying and microchannel curing process 可控制备三聚氰胺树脂微胶囊的强化传热研究：搅拌、滴注、喷涂和微通道固化工艺

IF 3.8 3区工程技术

Chemical Engineering and Processing - Process Intensification Pub Date : 2025-07-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.cep.2025.110433

Zhengkuan He , Hongbin Zhao , Yanan Duan , Haiping Mo , Jiayi Xie , Xibei Shen , Liang Chao , Tianle Feng

{"title":"Study of enhanced heat transfer on controllable preparation of melamine resin microcapsules: Stirring, dropping, spraying and microchannel curing process","authors":"Zhengkuan He , Hongbin Zhao , Yanan Duan , Haiping Mo , Jiayi Xie , Xibei Shen , Liang Chao , Tianle Feng","doi":"10.1016/j.cep.2025.110433","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cep.2025.110433","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Microcapsules are widely used for their ability to encapsulate, deliver, and release active substances. Although non-ionic melamine resin microcapsules offer excellent adaptability and commercial potential, their preparation is often hindered by poor controllability. This study adopted a strategy combining process dissection and intensification, focusing on curing process. The stirring, dropping/spraying, and microchannel curing were systematically evaluated using infrared spectroscopy, particle size analysis, and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations. Results showed that elevated temperatures disrupted the dynamic equilibrium among melamine-formaldehyde prepolymers, leading to an unstable curing phase. Enhanced heat transfer effectively shortens this period, mitigating issues such as broad particle size distribution, caking, and agglomeration. Among the evaluated methods, microchannel curing delivered the best performance, with significantly improved particle uniformity (D<sub>50</sub>: 3.050 μm; Span: 3.36) compared to stirring curing (D<sub>50</sub>: 32.329 μm; Span: 7.64). Caking and agglomeration were nearly eliminated, with the caking rate reduced to 1.58 mg/mL.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9929,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering and Processing - Process Intensification","volume":"216 ","pages":"Article 110433"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144571595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Cyclic aqueous carbonation of fly ash in seawater: Enhancing carbonation efficiency and CO2 removal rate 粉煤灰在海水中循环水碳化：提高碳化效率和CO2去除率

IF 3.8 3区工程技术

Chemical Engineering and Processing - Process Intensification Pub Date : 2025-07-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.cep.2025.110428

Tianle Cheng , Zesheng Ding , Xu Zhang , Jiajun Chai , Yunwen Shen , Lihong Cai , Rui Bao , Ying Chen , Yiwen Pan

{"title":"Cyclic aqueous carbonation of fly ash in seawater: Enhancing carbonation efficiency and CO2 removal rate","authors":"Tianle Cheng , Zesheng Ding , Xu Zhang , Jiajun Chai , Yunwen Shen , Lihong Cai , Rui Bao , Ying Chen , Yiwen Pan","doi":"10.1016/j.cep.2025.110428","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cep.2025.110428","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Aqueous mineral carbonation of coal fly ash (CFA) is an effective CO<sub>2</sub> sequestration strategy, but improving its efficiency remains challenging. We observed a significant drop in carbonation efficiency from 94.8 % to 26.5 % when transitioning from an open to a sealed system using the same CaO-content CFA and seawater under ambient conditions. Experiments revealed that the slightly elevated <em>p</em>CO<sub>2</sub> in the sealed system accelerated CaCO<sub>3</sub> formation on CFA surfaces, hindering CaO leaching. To address this, we proposed introducing excess CO<sub>2</sub> post-carbonation to dissolve external CaCO<sub>3</sub>, facilitating further CaO leaching and enhancing efficiency through a cyclic carbonation method. After optimizing the process with this cyclic approach, under identical conditions, the carbonation efficiency increased from 26.5 % (cycle 1) to 31.3 % (cycle 3) and CO<sub>2</sub> removal rate from 65.6 % to 80.3 %. Optimized solid-to-liquid and magnesium-to-calcium ratios during the cycles further improved efficiency. These findings provide valuable insights for enhancing industrial carbonation and CO<sub>2</sub> capture.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9929,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering and Processing - Process Intensification","volume":"216 ","pages":"Article 110428"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144571596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Numerical simulation of flow characteristics in microbubble column reactors with two different tubular gas spargers 两种不同管状气体喷射器的微泡塔反应器流动特性数值模拟

IF 3.8 3区工程技术

Chemical Engineering and Processing - Process Intensification Pub Date : 2025-07-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.cep.2025.110431

Yuhui Li , Xinying Zhang , Shuyu Liu , Chengxiang Li , Yizhou Cui , Xiaogang Shi , Xin Su , Jinsen Gao , Xingying Lan

{"title":"Numerical simulation of flow characteristics in microbubble column reactors with two different tubular gas spargers","authors":"Yuhui Li , Xinying Zhang , Shuyu Liu , Chengxiang Li , Yizhou Cui , Xiaogang Shi , Xin Su , Jinsen Gao , Xingying Lan","doi":"10.1016/j.cep.2025.110431","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cep.2025.110431","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bubble column reactors (BCRs) are intensively used in industries for different purposes. However, the overall reaction rate in traditional BCRs is constrained by the non-uniform gas distribution and slow gas-liquid mass transfer. Microbubble technology is seen as a potential method to enhance the performance of BCRs. In this work, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations were performed to study the flow characteristics of the gas-liquid phase in microbubble column reactors (MBCRs) with different tubular gas spargers. The CFD model was validated against experimental results from the literature. The findings indicate that the overall gas holdup and the interfacial area in the MBCRs with tree-type sparger increase by 26.67 %∼45.45 % and 19.55∼23.68 times. In the MBCRs with multiple ring sparger, the above parameters increase by 22.22 %∼48.00 % and 18.00∼ 23.27 times. Compared to the MBCRs with multiple ring spargers, MBCRs with tree-type spargers demonstrate notable enhancement even at a low inlet flow rate, facilitating considerable energy conservation. It is believed that this work will provide viable suggestions for the application and optimization of large MBCRs with tubular gas spargers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9929,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering and Processing - Process Intensification","volume":"216 ","pages":"Article 110431"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144571034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Optimization of a two-stage axial-flow cyclone separator focusing on energy consumption and separation efficiency 以能耗和分离效率为重点的两级轴流旋风分离器优化

IF 3.8 3区工程技术

Chemical Engineering and Processing - Process Intensification Pub Date : 2025-07-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.cep.2025.110432

Zhiyi Xiong , Yuhui Liu , Xiaolong Gu , Qi Zhang , Gaoyang Hou

{"title":"Optimization of a two-stage axial-flow cyclone separator focusing on energy consumption and separation efficiency","authors":"Zhiyi Xiong , Yuhui Liu , Xiaolong Gu , Qi Zhang , Gaoyang Hou","doi":"10.1016/j.cep.2025.110432","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cep.2025.110432","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The miniature two-stage axial flow cyclone separator (AFCS) developed for the gas-liquid separation system in the dry gas seal of large centrifugal compressors faces challenges such as low separation efficiency and high energy consumption. This study addresses these issues by optimizing the AFCS design, focusing on blade angles, exhaust pipe insertion depth, and diameter, using a combination of numerical simulation (RSM and DPM) and experimental methods. Additional measures, such as using anti-backmixing cones and slitting in the cone area of the exhaust pipe, were also explored to evaluate their effects on separation efficiency and energy consumption. The results show that the insertion depth and diameter of the exhaust pipe are optimal when they are 18 mm and 20 mm respectively. The separation efficiency can be increased by 1 ∼ 2 % and the pressure drop can be reduced by 20 kPa by using anti-backmixing cone and slit. Compared with the original two-stage AFCS, the drip stage efficiency of the optimized separator can be increased by 50 %, the separation efficiency can be increased by 10 %, and the pressure drop can be reduced by 20 %, solving the problems of low separation efficiency and high energy consumption of the single-stage separator.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9929,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering and Processing - Process Intensification","volume":"216 ","pages":"Article 110432"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144562912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Extraction of spores of Metarhizium anisopliae in a rotary drum 转鼓法提取绿僵菌孢子

IF 3.8 3区工程技术

Chemical Engineering and Processing - Process Intensification Pub Date : 2025-07-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.cep.2025.110430

D.B. Ferreira , L.P. Cunha , N. Vorhauer-Huget , E. Tsotsas , J.C. Thoméo

{"title":"Extraction of spores of Metarhizium anisopliae in a rotary drum","authors":"D.B. Ferreira , L.P. Cunha , N. Vorhauer-Huget , E. Tsotsas , J.C. Thoméo","doi":"10.1016/j.cep.2025.110430","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cep.2025.110430","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The fungus <em>Metarhizium anisopliae</em> is widely used as a biological control agent of several agricultural pests. The microbe is produced using rice as substrate and the operation of extraction of spores needs improvement. This study explores an effective method for spore extraction using a rotary drum, with controlled variables including extraction time (4 and 8 hours), fill level (0.25 and 0.50), and drum rotation speed (30 and 60 rpm). The extraction efficiency achieved in this bench-scale setup ranged from 32.93 % to 84.24 %. Among the key parameters investigated, only the operation time showed a significant influence, with an 8-hour duration yielding the best performance. This improvement was attributed to the reduction in substrate moisture content throughout the process, indicating it as a critical factor affecting extraction performance. Lower moisture content reduced the shear force and impact required for spore detachment, leading to a more efficient extraction. Additionally, the results suggest that spores are detached through particle collisions rather than by the dragging force promoted by the flowing air, which is essential for predicting optimal process configurations. This research, therefore, lays the foundation for the development of more efficient extraction systems, contributing to the cost-effective large-scale production of bioinsecticides.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9929,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering and Processing - Process Intensification","volume":"216 ","pages":"Article 110430"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144549252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Investigation of the limits of unconventional ammonia synthesis 非常规氨合成极限的研究

IF 3.8 3区工程技术

Chemical Engineering and Processing - Process Intensification Pub Date : 2025-07-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.cep.2025.110429

Irem Taspinar, Ahmet K. Avci

{"title":"Investigation of the limits of unconventional ammonia synthesis","authors":"Irem Taspinar, Ahmet K. Avci","doi":"10.1016/j.cep.2025.110429","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cep.2025.110429","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Intensified NH<sub>3</sub> synthesis is modeled in a Fe-based catalyst-coated, <em>in-situ</em> cooled microchannel reactor (MR) comprising a ZnCl<sub>2</sub>-IMS (Immobilized Molten Salt) membrane. NH<sub>3</sub> produced in the reaction (R) channel is separated to the neighboring permeate (P) channel hosting sweep N<sub>2</sub> flow that regulates temperature to <623 K. A low-cost model is formulated and successfully benchmarked with the comprehensive counterpart and experimental data. MR configurations are modeled to elucidate the effects of catalytic activity, NH<sub>3</sub> permeance, sweep gas-to-reactive stream ratio (SR), and flow partitioning on the interplay between NH<sub>3</sub> production, separation, and heat transfer. At 613 K, 50 bar, H<sub>2</sub>/N<sub>2</sub> = 3 and 1.5 × 10<sup>–3</sup> m<sup>3</sup> kg<sub>cat</sub><sup>-1</sup> s<sup>-1</sup>, the 47.4 % N<sub>2</sub> conversion exceeds the equilibrium limit (42 %) and the membraneless counterpart (14 %). Under identical conditions, a two-fold increase in the reaction rate and NH<sub>3</sub> permeance gives 91 % N<sub>2</sub> conversion. Increasing SR promotes N<sub>2</sub> conversion and NH<sub>3</sub> recovery, but decreases NH<sub>3</sub> fraction in the P channel, a metric for the post-NH<sub>3</sub> separation by a secondary membrane separator. While co-current dosing to the R and P channels offers slightly higher N<sub>2</sub> conversions, the identically operated counter-current mode gives higher NH<sub>3</sub> recovery. The findings provide guidelines for the opportunities and limitations of the membrane-separation driven NH<sub>3</sub> synthesis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9929,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering and Processing - Process Intensification","volume":"216 ","pages":"Article 110429"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144562913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0