Catena最新文献

{"title":"Relating rainfall, runoff, and sediment to phosphorus loss in northern rocky mountainous area of China","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.catena.2024.108504","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.catena.2024.108504","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As a notoriously ecologically fragile mountainous region, the northern rocky mountainous area of China is experiencing serious phosphorus loss due to its numerous sloping cultivated lands and abundant rainfall. Therefore, determining the relationships between rainfall, runoff, sediment, and the different components of phosphorus loss is essential for developing effective measures to control phosphorus loss. To address this issue, this study aimed to investigate the relative importance of rainfall, runoff, and sediment factors in the loss of different fractions of phosphorus using 32 natural rainfall events in a typical watershed in the northern rocky mountainous area of China. Because of the high interdependence among these influencing factors, a partial least square regression (PLSR) model was employed to quantify the relationship between phosphorus loss and its 15 influencing variables. First-order controls were identified by calculating the variable importance of projections (VIP). The results indicated that dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIP) losses were the highest under heavy rain conditions, whereas dissolved phosphorus (DP) losses peaked during torrential rain. The trends in particulate phosphorus (PP) and total phosphorus (TP) were consistent, with large fluctuations in concentration under heavy rainfall conditions and an increase in concentration 30 min after rainfall under torrential rainfall conditions. Rainfall, runoff, and sediment characteristics exerted a substantial influence on the different components of phosphorus loss (93.33 %, 91.73 %, 94.2 %, and 95.3 % of DIP, DP, PP, and TP loss variability, respectively). From the VIP values, sediment, runoff, rainfall erosivity, rainfall kinetic energy, and 60 min maximum rainfall kinetic energy were the main first-order factors controlling the loss of the four phosphorus fractions. The PLSR method eliminated the interdependence among variables and facilitated the determination of factors influencing phosphorus loss. This study provides scientific support and decision-making references for formulating effective water resource and phosphorus pollution management strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9801,"journal":{"name":"Catena","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142554375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerical modeling of effects of vegetation restoration on runoff and sediment yield on the Loess Plateau, China","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.catena.2024.108501","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.catena.2024.108501","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The “Grain for Green” (GFG), a large-scale vegetation restoration project, has significantly reduced runoff and sediment yield in the Loess Plateau region of China since 1999. While numerous studies have quantitatively described the relationship between vegetation cover and runoff and sediment yield at the plot scale, there are few such studies, especially those on sediment yield, at the catchment scale. To model the effect of vegetation restoration, soil infiltration capacity and soil erosion were parameterized for the Digital Yellow River Model (DYRIM), which is a distributed watershed runoff and sediment dynamics model that incorporates hillslope erosion, gravitational erosion and sediment transport, and has been widely applied to the Loess Plateau. DYRIM with improved functionality was validated on an event basis and as continuous simulation for the Upper Qingjian River Basin (UQRB, with an area of 913 km²) where the vegetation coverage has increased from 15 % to 70 % during 1986–2015. Simulation agrees well with observation in terms of daily flow (NSE = 0.928 for calibration and NSE = 0.602 for validation) and daily sediment discharge (NSE = 0.938 for calibration and NSE = 0.520 for validation). According to our simulation, the runoff reduced by 44 % and the sediment yield reduced by 82 % for the catchment due to the GFG project from 2003 to 2015. Both runoff and sediment yield decrease exponentially with increasing vegetation cover at large scales, and the effect of vegetation cover diminishes during extreme rainstorm events. When changes in vegetation cover are combined with changes in precipitation, the simulated peak sediment yield occurs with the mean annual precipitation of around 450–500 mm⋅yr⁻¹. The improved DYRIM model can credibly capture and reproduce the effect of the change in vegetation cover on runoff and sediment yield at the catchment and regional scales.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9801,"journal":{"name":"Catena","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142554379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Soil formation and environmental reconstruction of a loess-paleosol sequence in Zmajevac, Croatia","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.catena.2024.108507","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.catena.2024.108507","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Loess-paleosol sequences are widely recognized in the Pannonian region from a sedimentological perspective; however, fewer studies are focusing on the soil formation processes within these paleosols. We present a detailed pedological study of one of the sequences in Zmajevac, aiming to complete the paleoenvironmental information related to these paleosols, particularly to decipher the nature and environmental conditions that formed the thick, slightly developed (<em>cumulus</em>) Bw horizons on top of the three paleosols in the selected sequence. Chemical, physical, mineralogical, and micromorphological analyses, as well as ¹⁴C dating of shells, were performed on samples from the three paleosols and the recent soil of the Zmajevac sequence. The results suggest that a discontinuous but rather rapid supply of aeolian and partly alluvial materials led to weak soil formation in all paleosols, limited to calcium carbonate mobilization. The sedimentary accretion processes and milder climatic conditions account for the lack of significant rubefaction and the absence of clay illuviation. The most recent (ZN REC) soil is a paleoclimatological archive of the Bølling–Allerød interstadial period. Each older paleosol section represents three sedimentological and pedological events from MIS 3 (ZN 1), MIS 4 interglacial (ZN 2) and MIS 5e (ZN 3). In general, the younger the age of the horizons within each succession, the lower the level of development. These top horizons of investigated sequences are Bw (<em>cumulus</em>) horizons. Thus, this study enhances our understanding of paleoenvironmental conditions in the Pannonian region.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9801,"journal":{"name":"Catena","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142554374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Soil organic matter dynamics and soil carbon stocks from tropical and sub-tropical areas under no-till: An on-farm research","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.catena.2024.108491","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.catena.2024.108491","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Understanding the mechanisms of soil organic matter (SOM) stabilization is fundamental to soil carbon sequestration and reduction of greenhouse gas emission (GEE), playing a pivotal role in the soil carbon cycle. Soil samples were collected from 1-meter trenches in no-till systems and compared to native vegetation, totalizing 256 samples from commercial farms in the <em>Cerrado</em>, Atlantic Forest, and <em>Pampa</em> Brazilian biomes. Soil fractionation (&gt;53 µm and &lt; 53 µm), laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy (LIFS), and δ¹³C isotopic analysis were employed to investigate SOM dynamics and their relationships with soil carbon stocks. SOM presents chemical compounds more susceptible to decomposition in the surface, increasing its recalcitrance in deeper layers. Over 90 % of soil carbon is in the &lt; 53 μm fraction, indicating organo-mineral association as the major SOM stabilization mechanism. However, in a minor extension physical protection by soil aggregation, can play a role in SOM stabilization. H_LIFS from &lt; 53 μm fraction demonstrated that SOM in these agricultural areas contains more labile compounds than in native vegetation areas, indicating recently incorporated less transformed organic material. Farms 2 and 4 (<em>Cerrado</em>) showed increases in carbon stocks in agricultural areas compared to native vegetation of 89 Mg C ha^-1 and 24 Mg C ha^-1, respectively, with distinct δ¹³C patterns. Farm 1 (Atlantic Forest) presented a reduction of 59 Mg C ha^-1, primarily due to land use change, from native vegetation to agriculture. Farm 3 (<em>Pampa</em>) maintained its carbon stock, with no differences in δ¹³C patterns. These findings provide valuable insights into SOM stabilization for carbon sequestration, and the benefits of conservationist management practices, emphasizing the importance of generate data from on-farm research experiments. Measurements from agricultural and native vegetation areas in on-farm research across commercial farms provide real-field data to optimize protocols and support good management practices for enhancing soil carbon sequestration in tropical regions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9801,"journal":{"name":"Catena","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142539396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing rainwater erosion resistance of black soil slopes in erosion gullies through microbially induced carbonate mineralization","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.catena.2024.108471","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.catena.2024.108471","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Erosion gullies represent the most severe manifestation and prominent hazard of soil and water loss in the black soil regions of Northeast China, where slope management is crucial for controlling slope collapse and gully expansion. In response to the need for managing the slopes of large and medium-sized cut gullies in the black soil region, this paper proposes a new method of slope protection using Microbially Induced Calcium Carbonate Precipitation (MICP). Through a series of tests including penetration, calcium carbonate content, slaking, rainwater erosion, Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), and compatibility with slope protection plants, the effects of MICP treatment on the strength, water stability, rainwater erosion resistance, and growth of slope protection plants in black soil were evaluated. The results showed that under optimal conditions, MICP significantly increased the strength of black soil by 22.22 %. Additionally, MICP improved the water stability of black soil, reducing slaking mass by 11.36 %, and the mass loss caused by rainwater erosion by 88.55 %. By adjusting the concentration of the binding solution and considering soil depth, compatibility with slope protection plants can be achieved, with 0.5 mol/L binding solution treatment having minimal impact on the growth of ryegrass, a slope protection plant. SEM and XRD confirmed that MICP effectively enhanced the rainwater erosion resistance of black soil by altering its microstructure and crystal forms. This study demonstrates the potential application of MICP technology in controlling the expansion of slopes in black soil erosion gullies, offering a novel approach to the management of such erosion gullies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9801,"journal":{"name":"Catena","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142539394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unveiling the enigma: Decoding human influence in soils with poor development. Case of study: Celtic oppidum Bibracte","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.catena.2024.108469","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.catena.2024.108469","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Late Iron Age Bibracte oppidum, established in the 2nd century BCE, features a distinct soil cover that does not align with typical long-term soil development or human activity patterns. These soils are affected by erosion, but it made them, on the other hand, unique concerning the preservation of information about the past. Single methods applied, as sedimentological, micromorphological and geochemical signals combined with the Optically Stimulated Luminescence (OSL) dating, brought only limited distinguishing patterns, but their combinations together with principal component showed to be crucial for the understanding the formation processes of the site. Significant variations in geochemical composition were observed, particularly in cultural layers, attributed to ashy deposition, pollution, and pedogenesis. Pedogenic magnetic particles, indicated by an increase in frequency dependent magnetic susceptibility, suggest changes in soil formation processes. Colluvial processes triggered naturally or anthropogenically 2 – 4 thousand years ago reveal, that the soil cover underwent repeatedly heavy erosion. Subsequently, some of these sediments were buried under anthropogenic terraces. This period spans from the Late Neolithic to the early Gallo-Roman Period, coinciding with the presence of the oppidum Bibracte during the Late Iron Age. Portable X-ray fluorescence device achieves the best results when combined with other geochemical and mineralogical analyses. This integrated approach ensures a more comprehensive understanding of the soil profile and the underlying site formation processes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9801,"journal":{"name":"Catena","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142539906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Permafrost impacts on chemical weathering and CO2 budgets in the Tibetan Plateau: Micro-watershed perspective on a headwater catchment","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.catena.2024.108479","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.catena.2024.108479","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Understanding the balance between alkalinity generation from carbonate and silicate weathering, and the effect of sulfide weathering, is crucial for comprehending the impact of these processes on atmospheric CO₂ levels. However, the sequestration potential and the net balance of CO₂ between the release from sulfide weathering and the consumption by silicate weathering in permafrost environments remain contentious. This study examines the Shaliu River, a typical permafrost-dominated headwater catchment in the Northeast Tibetan Plateau, from a micro-watershed perspective to elucidate the effects of permafrost on chemical weathering and CO₂ budgets during ablation period. Silicate weathering in the Shaliu River contributes 25–32 % to solute load, while carbonate weathering contributes 39–45 %. Sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄) plays a key role in carbonate weathering, accounting for 74 % of it and 37 % of the river’s solute load, especially in the permafrost-covered upstream areas. In contrast, bicarbonate (HCO₃^–) impacts are more evident in the lower reaches without permafrost. By integrating silicate and carbonate weathering with H₂SO₄-driven reactions, CO₂ budget analysis indicates that the Shaliu River basin acts as a carbon source. The MEANDIR inversion model consistently depicts the watershed as a carbon source, influenced by permafrost and lithology. This implies that sulfide oxidation to produce sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄) drives carbonate weathering may significantly counterbalance the carbon sequestration associated with silicate weathering over geological timescales. The study provides a comprehensive understanding of the carbon budget dynamics within the permafrost-dominated watersheds of the Tibetan Plateau, enhancing the comprehension of carbon cycle processes in high-altitude ecosystems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9801,"journal":{"name":"Catena","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142539298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Annual soil erosion characteristics of unpaved roads in the Loess Plateau hilly and gully region, China","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.catena.2024.108483","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.catena.2024.108483","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The problem of unpaved road erosion is prominent in the Loess Plateau hilly and gully region. Unpaved roads contribute substantially to watershed sediment due to their high soil bulk density, low infiltration rates and extensive network. In this study, a field investigation was conducted on typical unpaved roads within a typical watershed in this region, focusing on assessing the damage state, annual soil loss and the factors influencing erosion in a comparatively wet year. The results showed that the soil erosion from unpaved roads was very severe, with an annual erosion intensity of 470 t hm⁻², following three heavy rain events and two rainstorm events in the summer of 2022. The main unpaved roads (MUR) suffered the most severe road erosion, with 22.2 % of road segments experiencing severe erosion with classical gullies. The erosion gullies on the road had an average depth of 16.1 cm and an average width of 36.5 cm, with the widest being 146.0 cm and the deepest being 174.0 cm. The road erosion intensity was significantly related to drainage area, road area, road length and coverage. Road erosion reduced significantly when the land use in the drainage areas of the road was covered with shrub or grass, or road surface was covered with grass or gravel. Our findings offer valuable insights for road construction and erosion prevention in similar terrains.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9801,"journal":{"name":"Catena","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142539299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatial downscaling of SMAP soil moisture to high resolution using machine learning over China’s Loess Plateau","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.catena.2024.108492","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.catena.2024.108492","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Soil moisture (SM) is a critical physical parameter in land surface processes that affects the atmospheric and hydrological cycles. Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) mission produces high-quality global SM data, but its low spatial resolution limits the applications at a regional or local scale. In this study, we developed a novel method to select optimal factors from 34 candidate downscaling factors for each month using three machine learning methods (Back Propagation Neural Network (BPNN), Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Random Forest (RF)) to produce monthly time series SM products at a spatial resolution of 1 km for the entire Loess Plateau in China from 2015 to 2023. 11 in-situ SM measurements distributed in Loess Plateau and precipitation data were used to evaluate the downscaling performances of the three machine learning approaches. The results show that the spatial trends of the three downscaled SM were essentially the same as the SMAP SM, with similar spatial patterns, and all three downscaled SM can provide more spatial information and texture features than SMAP SM. Among the three types of downscaled SM, the RF downscaled SM reached the highest R (0.654) and the smallest unbiased Root Mean Square Error (ubRMSE) (0.044 m³m⁻³), better than the BPNN and SVM downscaled SM, and most closely matched the in-situ measurements. The dynamics of SM were successfully captured by RF downscaled SM, which exhibited strong temporal consistency with the in-situ SM and responded well to precipitation events, with significant increases in SM values in the month of high precipitation and subsequent months. In conclusion, the RF model has the best downscaling effect and it can be used to provide high spatial resolution SM data for applications at a regional or local scale across the Loess Plateau.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9801,"journal":{"name":"Catena","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142539296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimizing key parameters (biological-control factor) of soil erosion simulation models at a regional scale– The case of Jiangxi Province, China","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.catena.2024.108488","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.catena.2024.108488","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Unveiling the spatial information of actual soil erosion is a prerequisite for subsequent soil erosion research and is critical for soil and water conservation as well as ecological resource protection. However, the existing regional-scale soil erosion simulation models often ignore the vertical structure of vegetation, particularly near-surface vegetation information, which leads to discrepancies with the real-world conditions. This study aims to optimize the biological-control factor (B factor) of the Chinese Soil Loss Equation (CSLE) model to improve simulation accuracy. The Global Ecosystem Dynamics Investigation (GEDI) can provide accurate layered vegetation data. Thus, this study focuses on the forest of Jiangxi Province, simulating the understory vegetation structure by vegetation type using a combination of GEDI data and sampled data. By considering the soil and water conservation benefits of different vegetation layers, we developed a B factor optimization method to simulate soil erosion in forests at a regional scale. Compared to previous methods, the optimized B factor mean value for Jiangxi Province’s forested areas increased from 0.0034 to 0.0096. The estimated soil erosion changed from 38 t·km^-2a^-1 (with 86.6 % of forests exhibiting no soil erosion) to 166.7t·km^-2a^-1 (with 28.2 % of forests exhibiting no soil erosion). Our findings indicate that the optimized assessment results are more consistent with the actual situation. The optimization method is a good attempt at regional-scale B factor simulation and can provide a more accurate depiction of the spatial information of soil erosion in forest at the regional scale. This study can lay a solid foundation for future regional-scale soil erosion assessments and offer valuable data support and methodological references for the regional-scale dynamic monitoring of soil and water loss, as well as research in soil and water conservation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9801,"journal":{"name":"Catena","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142539294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}