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{"title":"Holocene landscape changes and human impact in Southern Italy: A case-study from the Mar Piccolo semi-enclosed marine basin (Taranto)","authors":"Gabriele Niccolini ,&nbsp;Adele Bertini ,&nbsp;Niccolò Degl’Innocenti ,&nbsp;Stefania Lisco ,&nbsp;Massimo Moretti ,&nbsp;Giovanni Scardino ,&nbsp;Giuseppe Mastronuzzi","doi":"10.1016/j.catena.2025.108962","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.catena.2025.108962","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Coastal environments in the Mediterranean are currently facing significant challenges due to the impact of Global Warming, largely attributed to human activities. The Mar Piccolo stands out as one of the Mediterranean’s most polluted semi-enclosed marine basins. To delve into its environmental changes, a sediment core (S05B) and eight surface sediment samples underwent extensive analysis, encompassing sedimentological and palynological organic matter assessments. The main objective was to uncover the principal morpho-sedimentary processes from latest Pleistocene to Holocene, resulting in the identification of five distinct landscape scenarios. Initially, during a period of arid climate, the area transitioned from fluvial incision to the formation of brackish ponds. As the Holocene brought about improved climatic conditions, the Mar Piccolo underwent further transformations, changing into a paralic environment where freshwater and salt marshes coexisted. The saltmarshes were sustained by sporadic marine spillovers, as indicated by foraminiferal organic linings. At 10.3 cal ka BP, a marine ingression took place marked by dinocysts, aligning with the Mediterranean sea level curve. This led to the establishment of a low hydrodynamic semi-enclosed marine basin, although changes in bottom oxygenation occurred over time. Anoxic events were identified during the Sapropel 1 deposition and the 4.2 ka BP megadrought event. After the 4.2 ka BP event, evidence of human impact emerges as indicated by the occurrence of human intestinal parasites resting eggs along with a shift in phytoclasts assemblages towards a dominance of cuticles suggesting intensified agricultural activities around the basin. Furthermore, analyses of palynological organic matter in surface sediments provide evidence of significant impacts from current human activities. Consequently, evaluating both past and ongoing anthropogenic influences through palynological organic matter analysis represents a crucial application in this research area.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9801,"journal":{"name":"Catena","volume":"254 ","pages":"Article 108962"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143716042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On-site identification of black soil thickness based on drill-core imaging and deep learning","authors":"Lei Qiao ,&nbsp;Jiabao Zhang ,&nbsp;Xicai Pan ,&nbsp;Rutian Bi ,&nbsp;Jienan Xu ,&nbsp;Cong Tang ,&nbsp;Kwok Pan Chun","doi":"10.1016/j.catena.2025.108903","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.catena.2025.108903","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Accurate identification of the black soil thickness from soil profiling is usually time-consuming and labor-intensive, while the on-site identification of black soil thickness by experts is challenging due to the notable transition zone in the thick black soil horizon. This study proposes a framework for efficient identification of black soil thickness from drill core imaging using smartphone and deep learning. Without excavating a soil profile, drill core images from a carry-on soil sampler can be used to identify the black soil horizon using a trained deep learning model of the VGG-16 backbone U-net algorithm. The approach was tested with a limited dataset obtained from field sites in the black soils of northeast China and the results show that it can efficiently identify the black soil horizon on site. A good accuracy was obtained, with <em>R</em>² = 0.95 and RMSE = 0.07 m for the estimates of black soil thickness. Overall, the proposed methodology offers the possibility of efficiently identifying black soil thickness on a large scale, thus accurately quantifying regional black soil degradation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9801,"journal":{"name":"Catena","volume":"254 ","pages":"Article 108903"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143716163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation and projected changes in rainfall erosivity: Topography dependence revealed by Convection-Permitting climate projections for the Mediterranean island of Sicily","authors":"Eleonora Dallan ,&nbsp;Vincenzo Bagarello ,&nbsp;Vito Ferro ,&nbsp;Vincenzo Pampalone ,&nbsp;Marco Borga","doi":"10.1016/j.catena.2025.108975","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.catena.2025.108975","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Recent studies across Europe highlight the vulnerability of Mediterranean countries to rainfall-induced soil erosion. Climate change is intensifying the water cycle, leading to shifts in rainfall patterns and more frequent extreme precipitation events. Convection-permitting climate models (CPMs) outperform regional models in capturing intense sub-daily rainfall, providing more accurate projections of future extreme events. This study exploits a simplified rainfall erosivity model which uses 2-yr sub-daily rainfall quantiles as input to: investigate the ability of a CPM to provide reliable rainfall data for assessing rainfall erosivity; analyze the projected changes in rainfall quantiles and rainfall erosivity. The study is carried out in Sicily, which offers an ideal case study given its rainfall variability and complex topography. Data from 171 rain gauges are used to evaluate the CPM in simulating 2-year sub-daily rainfall quantiles and rainfall erosivity. Future changes are evaluated from the CPMs projections under the RCP8.5 scenario up to 2070.</div><div>The results show that model accuracy varies by rainfall duration and elevation, with greater underestimation of rainfall at shorter durations (up to −38 % on average at 1 h duration) and in coastal lowlands. Projections suggest an increase in intense rainfall, particularly for shorter durations, leading to higher rainfall erosivity (about + 20 % on average in the future). These findings underscore the need for bias adjustments in simulated rainfall data, considering both temporal scales and topographic influences. The study also highlights the potential for increased rainfall erosivity under climate warming, stressing the importance of developing soil conservation strategies and policies to address future challenges. This research set the stage for wider-area applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9801,"journal":{"name":"Catena","volume":"254 ","pages":"Article 108975"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143716162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Soil properties influence the distribution and diversity of plant communities in the desert-loess transition zone","authors":"Lu Chen ,&nbsp;Yunyin Xue ,&nbsp;Ning Wang ,&nbsp;Hongtu Gao ,&nbsp;Guifang Hu ,&nbsp;Jun’e Liu ,&nbsp;Liguo Cao ,&nbsp;Zhengchao Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.catena.2025.108976","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.catena.2025.108976","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Soil properties are the most important factors affecting plant community organization and distribution. In the desert–loess transition zone, sandy dune and loess hill distribution and heterogeneity in soil properties influence plant community distribution, diversity, and restoration approaches. Understanding how soil properties affect the distribution and diversity of plant communities is very important for managing transition zone ecosystems. However, the links between soil properties and their relationships with plant community distribution and species diversity in the desert–loess transition zone are unclear. In this study, a desert–loess transition zone in the northern Loess Plateau was used as the study area to investigate soil properties and related vegetation characteristics, and regression analysis and Pearson’s correlation analysis were used to explore the correlations among soil nutrients, soil particle size, plant species diversity, and plant species importance values. The results revealed that soils with fine particles are more effective at retaining nitrogen, potassium and organic matter, whereas soils with coarse particles promote the accumulation of phosphorus. Soil particle size and soil nutrients have effects on plant distribution and diversity. Under the same climatic conditions, loess soil with fine particles is better able to promote plant species diversity than soil with coarse particles. Plants that are distributed mainly on loess soil grow better in fine soil rich in nitrogen, potassium and organic matter, whereas plants that are distributed mainly on sandy soil can adapt to coarse-grained soil that is poor in soil nutrients. Our findings highlight the pivotal role of soil particle size and nutrient in shaping plant community distribution and diversity in desert–loess transition zones. These insights are essential for developing site-specific vegetation restoration strategies that align with local soil conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9801,"journal":{"name":"Catena","volume":"254 ","pages":"Article 108976"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143716164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changes in soil multifunctional properties in semi-arid environments are dependent on ecosystem health","authors":"Atefeh Shah Piri ,&nbsp;Yahya Kooch ,&nbsp;Seyed Mohammad Hojjati","doi":"10.1016/j.catena.2025.108978","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.catena.2025.108978","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mountainous and semi-arid habitats are considered very sensitive and fragile, due to their climatic conditions. Soil has different functions, and its physicochemical and biological characteristics can be indicators that affect these functions. In recent years due to human intervention, most of these areas have been destroyed and now some areas are either bare or have sparse vegetation. The presence of different percentages of vegetation coverage can be an indicator of ecosystem health, especially in areas affected by the human intervention. <em>Carpinus orientalis</em> Miller. <em>− Quercus macranthera</em> Fisch &amp; C.A. Mey and <em>Crataegus melanocarpa</em> M.B. <em>and Crataegus microphylla</em> C. Koch. <em>− Berberis integerrima</em> Bunge. are the dominant vegetation types found in the forest and rangelands of semi-arid areas in Iran. This study aimed to investigate the impact of different intensities of vegetation cover degradation, ranging from heavy (0–10 % coverage) to moderate (30–40 % coverage) and light (60–70 % coverage) in comparison to undisturbed sites (control group with 90–100 % coverage) in northern Iran. A total of 15 soil samples from forest and rangeland habitats with four degradation intensities were collected from each site, within an area of 30 × 30 cm at the depth intervals of 0–10 cm, 10–20 cm, and 20–30 cm, with a total of 360 samples that were subsequently analyzed in the laboratory. Degradation of vegetation reduced soil moisture by 5 to 10 %. In general, increasing the intensity of degradation caused an increase in soil temperature in the studied habitats. The values of pH and EC decreased by about 0.5 units with the increase of degradation intensity in both the vegetation types, and showed a decreasing trend with depth. Soil fertility characteristics, including N, P, Ca, K and Mg, showed a significant decrease (about 3 to 5 %) with the increase habitat degradation in forest and rangeland covers. Furthermore, in the studied sites, soil fauna including earthworms, acarina, collembola, nematodes, protozoa (about 1–2 %) and soil microflora including fungi, bacteria (about 1 %) decreased with the increase in the intensity of degradation. The highest effect of degradation was found in the topsoil of the studied habitats. From the point of view of soil multifunctional indicators, results showed that high and moderate degradation intensities are clearly different compared with light and non-degradation intensities. In addition, the intensity of degradation in light degraded and non degraded sites did not show a significant difference, thus ecosystem restoration is associated with fewer challenges.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9801,"journal":{"name":"Catena","volume":"254 ","pages":"Article 108978"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143716026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advancing soil texture and organic carbon spatial variability assessment: Integrating proximal γ-ray spectroscopy and electromagnetic induction via data fusion for site-independent analysis","authors":"Angelica De Ros ,&nbsp;Ilaria Piccoli ,&nbsp;Luigi Sartori ,&nbsp;Beatrice Portelli ,&nbsp;Giuseppe Serra ,&nbsp;Nicola Dal Ferro ,&nbsp;Francesco Morari","doi":"10.1016/j.catena.2025.108980","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.catena.2025.108980","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study we tested the combination of two proximal sensors –an electromagnetic conductivity meter (EMI) and a gamma(γ)-ray detector– to estimate the variability of some soil properties. The hypothesis was that the employment of data fusion techniques would provide a more comprehensive description of soil texture and soil organic carbon (SOC) content compared to using single sensors alone. This approach aimed to capture a spectrum of characteristics across various mineral and organic alluvial soils. Field surveys covering more than 60 ha were conducted in 2019 on five agricultural experimental sites, whose texture ranged from silty-clay to silty- and sandy-loam and SOC from 0.5 % to 21.9 %. A total of 354 undisturbed soil samples (0–30 cm) was collected and soil properties such as granulometry, bulk density and SOC concentration and stock determined. The fusion of proximal sensing data of apparent electrical conductivity (EC_a) and γ-ray radionuclides (total counts –TC–, ²³⁸U, ²³²Th, ⁴⁰K) combined with multivariate analysis was applied to describe soil spatial variability. Partial leas square regression (PLSR) and artificial neural network (ANN) models were trained and tested to predict the variability in soil properties within and between sites. Results showed that data fusion captured the soil spatial variability within and between fields, with a predictive ability (test set) to explain up to 88 % of clay and 74 % of SOC stock variability when all mineral soils were embedded in the ANN model. The combination of TC and EC_a was particularly effective in explaining texture and SOC heterogeneity within and across fields. In contrast, different responses were observed for single radionuclides, either ²³⁸U, ²³²Th, ⁴⁰K, or their ratios, within each field, that likely identified site-specific radioisotope enrichment and/or depletion processes. In conclusion, data fusion of EMI and γ-ray detectors accurately predicted soil texture and SOC across soils from alluvial origin.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9801,"journal":{"name":"Catena","volume":"254 ","pages":"Article 108980"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143715990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fire severity and its induced permafrost degradation drive vegetation recovery and succession in the permafrost region in the northern Da Xing’anling Mountains, NE China","authors":"Xiaoying Li ,&nbsp;Jingtao Li ,&nbsp;Huijun Jin ,&nbsp;Zhi Wen ,&nbsp;Tao Xu ,&nbsp;Kui Chen ,&nbsp;Ruixia He ,&nbsp;Hongwei Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.catena.2025.108970","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.catena.2025.108970","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Under a warming climate, forest fires are becoming more severe and prolonged, leading to permafrost degradation and alterations in soil properties, vegetation composition, and community dynamics. The Da Xing’anling Mountains in Northeast China is the only mid-high latitude permafrost region in China, and a critical region of boreal forests disturbed by forest fires. However, studies on the effects of forest fires on the vegetation of boreal permafrost regions are lacking. This study investigated post-fire soil and vegetation characteristics in larch forests through field surveys and chronosequence approaches. The results revealed that: forest fires decreased organic layer thickness, moss layer thickness (MLT), and soil nutrients, while increased pH, depth of seasonal thawing (DST), and soil temperature. After fires, the dominant shrub species shifted from <em>Vaccinium vitis-idaea</em> and <em>Betula fruticosa</em> to these two and <em>Ledum palustre</em> species; the importance values of <em>Deyeuxia purpurea</em> increased, with a shift in dominant herbs species from <em>Carex bohemica</em> to <em>Deyeuxia purpurea, Carex cespitosa</em> and <em>Carex bohemica.</em> Forest fires promoted the growth of tall shrubs and high growth herbs. As time progressed after fires, the height of herbs and the aboveground biomass of trees gradually recovered, the aboveground biomass and cover of shrubs initially decreased before subsequently increasing. Notably, the changes in aboveground biomass and cover of herbs were exactly the opposite of those observed in shrubs. Eight years after fire, species diversity increased, but decreased with increasing fire severity 14 years after fire. In the early post-fire period, NH₄⁺-N and total nitrogen (TN) were the most important factor affecting the characteristics of understory vegetation; as time progressed after fires, the DST, TN and MLT became the main influencing factor. Overall, vegetation recovered gradually with increasing time post-fire, with light burns facilitating faster recovery than severe burns. This study provides valuable insights for ecological restoration in boreal permafrost region.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9801,"journal":{"name":"Catena","volume":"254 ","pages":"Article 108970"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143715989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Climate change impact on peatland dynamics during the Holocene in Latvia, Northeastern Europe","authors":"N. Stivrins ,&nbsp;L. Kalnina ,&nbsp;A. Cerina ,&nbsp;E. Reire ,&nbsp;S. Kreslina ,&nbsp;I. Ozola ,&nbsp;J. Soms ,&nbsp;S. Veski","doi":"10.1016/j.catena.2025.108965","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.catena.2025.108965","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Peatlands are essential ecosystems for climate regulation and biodiversity yet they face increasing threats from human activities and climate change. The geological record of Northeastern Europe, including Latvia, reveals periods of warmer-than-present climatic conditions during the Holocene, offering valuable insights into historical peatland dynamics under changing climates. This study aims to evaluate the initiation and development of peatlands in Latvia during the Holocene, an epoch characterised by distinct long-term climate patterns. We analysed published and unpublished data – including radiocarbon dating, lithology and loss-on-ignition – from fen and raised bog sites in Latvia to assess their characteristics and responses to past climate conditions. Our findings indicate that the earliest peatlands, established approximately 11,000 years ago, were fens. Over the course of the Holocene, Latvian peatlands accumulated an average 4 m of peat, with maximum depths exceeding 8 m. Peat accumulation was most pronounced during the Early Holocene (11,700–8,200 years ago) and the Late Holocene (the last 4,200 years), coinciding with cool and moist hydroclimatic conditions. The highest rates of peat and carbon accumulation were observed during the Late Holocene, whereas peatland establishment was lowest during the Middle Holocene (8,200–4,200 years ago), when the climate was warmer and drier than today. These findings suggest that prolonged warming and drying – similar to Middle Holocene conditions – could significantly slow peat formation and carbon sequestration in Latvian peatlands under future climate warming scenarios.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9801,"journal":{"name":"Catena","volume":"254 ","pages":"Article 108965"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143716027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hydro-sedimentological interactions between a tropical fluviokarst system and surface waters in the Brazilian Savannah","authors":"André Silva Tavares ,&nbsp;Joaquim Ernesto Bernardes Ayer ,&nbsp;Rogério Elias Soares Uagoda","doi":"10.1016/j.catena.2025.108966","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.catena.2025.108966","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Karst environments are fragile. Their hydro-sedimentologic flows transport materials from various sources, and their hydrogeological recharge areas are diverse. They also suffer directly from the effects of surface water and soil degradation. In tropical regions, these flows intensify, accelerating hydro-sedimentological dynamics and degradation. This study assessed the hydro-sedimentological interactions between land use, surface water, and the fluviokarst system in the Extrema cave. The karstic system in the Lagoa do Jacaré Formation presents the main land uses and soil management of the Cerrado Biome and karst formations like caves, dolines, sinkholes, and springs. Data collection platforms were installed at the cave’s entrance and exit, recording level, turbidity, physicochemical variables, and sediment during floods, and a three-dimensional model of the area was created to evaluate structural and lithological dispositions. The Extrema cave has a perennial flow transporting materials from distinct sources. The solid discharge ranged from 1,082 Mg per day at the sinkhole to 1,630 Mg per day at the resurgence, indicating that approximately one-third of the material is transported through the karst conduit. This process primarily involves older upper layers of the Tarimba cave and adjacent dolines. Water samples revealed seasonal variations in basicity, indicating contributions of low mineralization water from sandstones of the upper aquifer and dilution processes in carbonate formations in the rainy season. The model indicated flows originate from different areas, elevating contamination susceptibility through sinkholes, caves, and karst fissures, common given the area’s hydrological regime. Thus, priorities were considered for the conservation of these karst systems, their uses, and management with high susceptibility to erosion, and the absence of riparian forests in the streams and surroundings of the sinkholes, given their capacity to affect the hydro-sedimentological dynamics in the Extrema cave.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9801,"journal":{"name":"Catena","volume":"254 ","pages":"Article 108966"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143696231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Soil organic carbon formation from plant and microbial residual carbon: Effects of home-field advantage and root litter quality","authors":"Huijun Li ,&nbsp;Baorong Wang ,&nbsp;Yue Zhou ,&nbsp;Haolin Zhang ,&nbsp;Chunhui Liu ,&nbsp;Xuan Yang ,&nbsp;Zhaolong Zhu ,&nbsp;Xuejuan Bai ,&nbsp;Gurpal S. Toor ,&nbsp;Shaoshan An","doi":"10.1016/j.catena.2025.108985","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.catena.2025.108985","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Home-Field Advantage (HFA) hypothesis states that microorganisms specialized in decomposing local litter result in faster <em>in situ</em> decomposition compared to <em>ex situ</em>, enhancing soil organic carbon (SOC) formation <em>in situ</em> soils. Short-term litter decomposition (e.g., &lt; 3 years) typically exhibits the HFA effect. However, it remains unclear whether long-term (e.g., &gt; 5 years) microbial adaptation to substrates <em>in situ</em> or <em>ex situ</em> leads to a loss of HFA and how this impacts SOC accumulation from plant and microbial sources. To address this issue, we conducted a 7-year <em>in situ</em> and <em>ex situ</em> decomposition experiment using three typical root litters with different quality: <em>Stipa bungeana</em> (C/N = 81.7), <em>Thymus mongolicus</em> (C/N = 56.6), and <em>Artemisia sacrorum</em> (C/N = 43.2). Our findings challenge the conventional perspective by showing that HFA declines over time, likely due to long-term microbial adaptation to <em>ex situ</em> soil. This suggests that microorganisms can eventually acclimate to new environments, thereby reducing initial advantages observed <em>in situ</em>. Despite this, a pre-existing strong HFA accelerated root litter decomposition and SOC formation, increasing SOC by 19.9–152.7 % under <em>in situ</em>. This acceleration was primarily due to enhanced <em>in situ</em> microbial “<em>in vivo turnover</em>,” as evidenced by significant increases in fungal necromass C (294.6–312.1 %) and extracellular polymeric substances protein (EPS-protein, 4.8–92.1 %). Conversely, plant residual C contributed more to SOC in <em>ex situ</em> (14.3–17.8 %) than <em>in situ</em> (2.5–9.0 %), indicating stronger physical migration of plant residual in <em>ex situ</em>. Low-quality litter facilitated fungal residual C, EPS-protein, and SOC accumulation both <em>in situ</em> and <em>ex situ</em>, suggesting its suitability for biomass synthesis and microbial residual pool formation. This study clarifies the weakening of the HFA over time and the significant contribution of low-quality litter in increasing SOC. This study elucidates the mechanisms by which root decomposition enhances SOC accumulation, highlighting the critical role of HFA in root litter decomposition dynamics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9801,"journal":{"name":"Catena","volume":"254 ","pages":"Article 108985"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143716024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}