Chemical Engineering Journal Advances最新文献

{"title":"A deep reinforcement learning framework for regime-specific decision in the operation of industrial ammonium sulfate crystallization","authors":"Thanchanok Archapitakkol ,&nbsp;Santi Bardeeniz ,&nbsp;Thanayuth Kaweetirawatt ,&nbsp;Chanin Panjapornpon","doi":"10.1016/j.ceja.2026.101051","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ceja.2026.101051","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Real-time prediction of crystal size in industrial ammonium sulfate (AS) crystallization remains a challenge due to opaque slurry conditions, delayed laboratory measurements, variability across nucleation and crystal growth, and a mismatched sampling interval between inputs and output. Therefore, this study develops a reinforcement-learning router for regime-specific decision-making to guide a multi-model prediction framework in estimating the ratio of large AS crystals. The operating domain is segmented into distinct regimes, and a specialized long short-term memory is trained for each segmented regime to learn the characteristics and local dynamics. A Deep Q-Network (DQN) router evaluates sequential inputs to make a decision and select the best submodel by balancing predictive accuracy and operational consistency. The model is verified on the industrial-scale crystallization system. Based on the results, the DQN-router agent demonstrates effective performance across the distinct operatiing regimes using ten actions. The proposed model achieves a coefficient of determination of 0.961, a root mean square error of 1.810, and a mean absolute percentage error of 1.392 % and outperforms a single-prediction model without decision-making and benchmarked selectors. Analysis of router decisions confirms that the learned policy adapts effectively with shifting operating conditions and resolves overlaps between regime boundaries. A constrained optimization analysis of the model predictions identifies an optimal 19-hour operating pattern, consisting of an 11-hour hold-up period and an 8-hour discharge period, which produces an average large-crystal ratio of 88.38 % ± 2.09 %.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9749,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Journal Advances","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 101051"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146034449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Energy optimization in electrochemical oxidation for wastewater treatment using interpretable machine learning","authors":"Mohammad Baghani,&nbsp;Mahdieh Soltanian,&nbsp;Mohammad-Hossein Sarrafzadeh","doi":"10.1016/j.ceja.2026.101044","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ceja.2026.101044","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Electrochemical oxidation (EO) promises broad-spectrum removal of recalcitrant pollutants from wastewater but is often penalized by high energy demand and uncertain scale-up. This study presents a data-driven framework that links EO operating conditions to energy consumption and removal performance using a curated dataset of 255 experimental conditions collected from the literature and laboratory reports. Three regression models, Random Forest, SVR and XGBoost were trained, compared, and tuned through nested cross-validation, with XGBoost yielding the best predictive accuracy (5-fold CV R² = 0.9727, RMSE = 25.7 kWh·m⁻³, MAE = 8.95 kWh·m⁻³). Interpretability analyses (feature gain, SHAP summary, PDPs and ablation tests) show that current density and pollutant class jointly explain the majority of variance, with current density alone accounting for the largest single share. A leave-one-study-out experiment reveals that prediction degrades when extrapolating to pollutant categories not represented in the training set, highlighting a clear limitation for broad extrapolation. The complete dataset, trained models and reproducible code are provided in the supplementary repository, supporting transport and data-driven optimization of EO systems for wastewater treatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9749,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Journal Advances","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 101044"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146073727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unlocking the potential of recycled waste cooking oil for a sustainable volatile organic compound absorption process","authors":"P. Villarim ,&nbsp;A. Ahmad Kassem ,&nbsp;A. Mannu ,&nbsp;A. Mele ,&nbsp;J. Zemmouri ,&nbsp;S. Fourmentin","doi":"10.1016/j.ceja.2026.101055","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ceja.2026.101055","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Finding suitable absorbents to remove volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from industrial polluted air remains a pressing scientific and industrial challenge. Most VOCs are hydrophobic and water demonstrates limited mass transfer in this case. In this study, we evaluated the feasibility of using recycled waste cooking oil (RWCO) to absorb VOCs for the first time. We compared the performance of RWCO with that of two deep eutectic solvents (DESs), including a hydrophobic DES prepared from decanoic and dodecanoic acids (C10:C12) and a supramolecular DES based on randomly methylated β-cyclodextrin (RAMEB) and levulinic acid, and with a conventional solvent, propylene glycol (PG), in absorbing four hydrophobic VOCs, toluene, limonene, siloxane D4, and decane. The vapor-liquid partition coefficients (K) of the VOCs alone and in mixture were determined using static headspace gas chromatography (SH-GC). A lab-scale bubbling device was used to measure absorption capacities under simulated industrial conditions. Results from the static method showed that RWCO performed similarly to the hydrophobic DES C10:C12, exhibiting the highest absorption affinities for the tested VOCs, with K values up to 208 000 times lower than in water. Dynamic absorption studies corroborated these results, highlighting RWCO and C10:C12 as the most effective absorbents, with an absorption capacity up to 0.884 mg/g for toluene at 100 ppm. This study also demonstrated that bubbling nitrogen in addition to heating at 60°C reduced regeneration time from 48 hours to 2.5 hours. The RWCO and C10:C12 absorbents retained over 99.5% of their initial absorption capacity after undergoing twelve consecutive absorption-desorption cycles. These results suggest that RWCO could be an effective and sustainable absorbent for VOCs abatement while complying with circular economy concept.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9749,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Journal Advances","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 101055"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146073722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biochar from waste vineyard pruning as a selective sorbent for biogas upgrading by pressure swing adsorption: Experimental and modelling study","authors":"Daniel Mammarella,&nbsp;Katia Gallucci,&nbsp;Andrea Di Giuliano","doi":"10.1016/j.ceja.2026.101050","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ceja.2026.101050","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Biochar derived from vineyard pruning waste (a readily available agro-industrial byproduct) was investigated as a sustainable sorbent for Pressure Swing Adsorption (PSA) applied to biogas upgrading to biomethane. Biochar had been previously produced through gasification at two Equivalence Ratios (<em>ER</em> = 0.15 and 0.30). Biochar samples “as-received” and “chemically activated” were tested for CO₂/CH₄ separation at industrially relevant pressures (5-9 bar_a), according to a full 2³ factorial Design of Experiments. ANOVA revealed that chemical activation and pressure were significant factors influencing CO₂ and CH₄ sorption capacities, CO₂/CH₄ selectivity, and biomethane recovery. The activation increased the adsorption of both CO₂ and CH₄, albeit it lowered CO₂/CH₄ selectivity and biomethane recovery. Four empirical models were developed and validated to predict the behavior of those key performance parameters for biogas upgrading. These models proved to be simple yet effective tools for estimating CO₂ and CH₄ sorption capacities, CO₂/CH₄ selectivity, and biomethane recovery within an industrially relevant pressure range for biogas upgrading via PSA technology. The use of as-received biochar with <em>ER</em> of 0.30 at 5 bar_a emerged as the optimal compromise achieving CO₂/CH₄ selectivity of 3.0 <span><math><mrow><mtext>mo</mtext><msub><mi>l</mi><mrow><mi>C</mi><msub><mi>O</mi><mn>2</mn></msub></mrow></msub><mo>/</mo><mtext>mo</mtext><msub><mi>l</mi><mrow><mi>C</mi><msub><mi>H</mi><mn>4</mn></msub></mrow></msub></mrow></math></span>, CH₄ recovery above 66% with a CH₄ purity suitable for grid injection (≥ 96 mol%). These results positioned the vineyard pruning biochar as a viable, circular-economy-fulfilling material for PSA-based biogas upgrading.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9749,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Journal Advances","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 101050"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146034396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of activation, performance and reusability between eggshell-derived heterogenous and homogenous catalysts for neem oil biodiesel","authors":"Mohammad Abu Shohel,&nbsp;Md. Aminul Islam,&nbsp;Md.Tahmidur Rahman Siam","doi":"10.1016/j.ceja.2026.101045","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ceja.2026.101045","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This research investigates the catalytic efficacy between two homogeneous and two heterogeneous catalysts for biodiesel production from neem oil. Eggshell-derived heterogeneous catalysts of CaO and a mixed CaO-SiO₂ are compared to traditional homogeneous catalysts of NaOH and KOH, The CaO catalyst is obtained by calcining chicken eggshells at 900 °C for 3 h and the CaO-SiO₂ catalyst is prepared by combining CaO and SiO₂ in a 2:1 ratio in methanol prior to transesterification. Reaction parameters are varied for a methanol to oil molar ratio of 9:1 to 20:1, catalyst concentration from 1% to 3%, temperature form 60 °C to 65 °C, and time from 60 to 120 min. The yield of biodiesel with the increase in reaction parameters for homogeneous catalysts declines from 74.63 % to 22.65 % for KOH and from 70.87 % to 28.69 % for NaOH, whereas, for heterogeneous catalysts increases from 37.50 % to 73.24 % for CaO and from 44.37 % to 91.13 % for CaO-SiO₂. The incorporation of SiO₂ serves as a barrier on the catalyst surface to reduce leaching of Ca²⁺by 23% compare to CaO catalyst and enhances biodiesel yield to 91.13%. Ultrasonication before transesterification has been found as a vital activation step that significantly enhance the catalytic activity relative to conventional stirring methods. CaO retains catalytic activity for two months with only 1.71% decline in yield and CaO-SiO₂ exhibits superior reusability with yields decreasing from 83.03% to 69.04% after three cycles. Findings indicate that eggshell-derived heterogeneous catalysts are cost-effective and sustainable for the production of neem oil biodiesel having properties similar to ASTM D 6751.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9749,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Journal Advances","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 101045"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146034402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chiral phosphonium ion-pairing catalysis: From structural innovation to asymmetric synthesis","authors":"Wenchao Chen ,&nbsp;Jia Zhi ,&nbsp;Xiaoying Jiang,&nbsp;Renren Bai","doi":"10.1016/j.ceja.2025.101002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ceja.2025.101002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Chiral phosphonium salt catalysis has emerged as a crucial component of asymmetric ion-pairing catalysis, demonstrating growing significance in the field of asymmetric catalytic synthesis. With the unique structural features and outstanding catalytic properties, chiral phosphonium salts can excel in a wide variety of asymmetric reactions, exhibiting excellent catalytic performance and remarkable stereocontrol. Researchers have successfully developed various types of chiral phosphonium salt catalysts, including 1,1′-binaphthyl-based phosphonium salts, chiral diamine-derived P-spirotetraaminophosphonium salts, amino acid-derived bifunctional phosphonium salts, and peptide-based multifunctional phosphonium salts. This review comprehensively surveys two decades of advances in chiral phosphonium ion-pairing catalysis, encompassing the rational design strategies, synthetic approaches, wide-ranging utility in various asymmetric reactions, as well as practical applications in the construction of diverse chiral skeletons. Meanwhile, we delve into the catalytic mechanisms in multiple asymmetric reactions. Drawing upon a thorough synthesis of the present landscape, we additionally present a forward-looking perspective on the trajectory of this field’s future development. The ultimate goal is to spark innovative research endeavors, promote the creation of chiral phosphonium salts with novel skeletal frameworks, and the development of new catalytic systems, thereby further advancing the widespread application and vigorous development of chiral phosphonium ion-pairing catalysis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9749,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Journal Advances","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 101002"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145973198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Valorization of fly ash and GGBS derived green concrete composite for simultaneous removal of nitrate and phosphate from aqueous systems","authors":"Manjunath S V ,&nbsp;Chikmagalur Raju Girish ,&nbsp;Sreenivasa Murthy A ,&nbsp;Shiva Prasad N ,&nbsp;Manjunath N K ,&nbsp;Ramya H R ,&nbsp;Sachidananda B ,&nbsp;Shuvanjan B ,&nbsp;Sutheerth A","doi":"10.1016/j.ceja.2025.100964","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ceja.2025.100964","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nutrient pollution caused by elevated nitrate (NO₃⁻) and phosphate (PO₄³⁻) concentrations is a major driver of eutrophication, while growing volumes of fly ash and ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) from industrial activities presents pressing solid waste challenge. This study introduces dual-functional M40 grade of Green Concrete Composite (GCC) that functions both as structural material and as adsorbent for water treatment. GCC was fabricated by alkali-activating fly ash and GGBS, producing porous, amorphous aluminosilicate framework with tailored surface chemistry, hydroxyl and silicate groups, minor crystalline phases, thermal stability, and high point of zero charge (pH_pzc). Batch adsorption experiments examined effect of contact time (0–360 min), GCC dosage (0.5–10 g/L), initial concentration (1–100 mg/L), and solution pH (3–11). Maximum adsorption capacities of 14.08 mg/g for NO₃⁻ and 4.13 mg/g for PO₄³⁻ were achieved under optimal conditions (pH 6.7, 3 g/L and 60 min). Adsorption followed pseudo-second-order kinetic model and Langmuir isotherm, indicating chemisorption. Mechanistic analysis revealed NO₃⁻ removal occurred via electrostatic attraction and ion exchange, whereas PO₄³⁻ uptake involved electrostatic interactions, ligand exchange, and Ca²⁺ induced precipitation. In multi-pollutant systems, synergistic adsorption enhanced removal to 22.37 mg/g (NO₃⁻) and 12.90 mg/g (PO₄³⁻). GCC exhibited potential for regeneration and reusability over three cycles, with desorption efficiencies gradually decreasing for both pollutants across successive cycles. These findings highlight GCC as novel, low-cost, regenerable, and environmentally sustainable alternative to conventional adsorbents, presenting an integrated approach to water purification and industrial waste valorization.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9749,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Journal Advances","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100964"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145691906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heat transfer improvement in metal hydride hydrogen storage systems: State of the art review and bibliometric analysis","authors":"Babak Rezapour Dolagh,&nbsp;Samane Ghandehariun","doi":"10.1016/j.ceja.2025.101001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ceja.2025.101001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hydrogen storage is an important challenge in the advancement of hydrogen-based technology. This review provides a comprehensive overview of hydrogen storage in metal hydrides (MHs), with a particular focus on important topics such as sintering effect, additives, metal foam, fins, heat transfer fluid and phase change material configurations, and integration with power systems. Also, this review aims to identify emerging research trends, highlight existing gaps, and provide insights into future research directions in both MH alloy development and tank design through a combined bibliometric and systematic approach. A bibliometric analysis was performed to analyze research trends in this field by considering co-occurrence frequencies of the 2277 articles. The results showed that, in the field of MH alloys, enhancing thermal conductivity, reducing cycle stability duration, and improving storage capacity are the main challenges. For the MH tanks, it was observed that for low-temperature MH tanks, the storage capacity and absorption/desorption time are important for the integration with the fuel cell system, and for high-temperature MH tanks, the shape of the heat transfer fluid pipe, thermal conductivity of the MH bed and phase change material are important for integrating with power cycles. The findings revealed that these systems could achieve maximum energy and exergy efficiencies of 77.1 % and 59.5 %, respectively.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9749,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Journal Advances","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 101001"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146073714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Alkaline solvothermal debromination of commercial brominated acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS)","authors":"Mario Ferreiro González,&nbsp;Fernanda Cabañas,&nbsp;Gregory S. Patience","doi":"10.1016/j.ceja.2025.100993","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ceja.2025.100993","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) is one of the most common thermoplastics and for decades, brominated fire retardants (BFR) were the primary compounds added to comply with fire safety regulations in electronic and electrical polymeric components. BFRs are effective at low concentrations, are stable up to 250<!--> <!-->°C (sufficient for thermoplastic processes such as injection moulding), and are compatible with polymers (easy addition). However, their hazardous nature and environmental persistence sparked concerns about their use, which limits the possibility of recycling them. Currently, most of them are banned or have limitations on their application and concentration. Here, we report an alkaline solvothermal treatment to debrominate commercial ABS from end-of-life products (up to 97<!--> <!-->%). The process operates between 160<!--> <!-->°C to 190<!--> <!-->°C with ethylene-glycol as solvent and KOH as extraction agent (1<!--> <span>M</span>). It removes 95<!--> <!-->% of the Br in 4<!--> <!-->h above 160<!--> <!-->°C and 97<!--> <!-->% at <span><math><mrow><mi>T</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>160</mn><mspace></mspace><mstyle><mo>∘</mo><mi>C</mi></mstyle></mrow></math></span> and 24<!--> <!-->h. FTIR spectroscopy confirms that 30<!--> <!-->% of the acrylonitrile reacts to form acrylic acid in the most aggressive conditions. Curiously, the <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>T</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>g</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> increases by up to 10<!--> <!-->°C, which might improve the mechanical properties of the polymer.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9749,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Journal Advances","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100993"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145797462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficient water defluoridation and phosphate removal using recycled alkali-activated glass-calcium composites: Mechanisms and optimization","authors":"Bennet Edem Akorley ,&nbsp;Ohene B. Apea ,&nbsp;Girum Ayalneh Tiruye","doi":"10.1016/j.ceja.2025.100975","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ceja.2025.100975","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A sustainable and low-cost adsorbent composite, alkali-activated glass-calcium (AAC-P@Ca) was synthesized from waste glass, plantain stalk ash (alkaline activator) and eggshell-derived CaO for the efficient removal of fluoride and phosphate ions from aqueous solutions. The as-synthesized composite material was extensively characterized using, XRD, SEM-EDX, FTIR, XRF and TGA to evaluate its structure, morphology, functional groups and thermal stability. AAC-P@Ca exhibited a moderate specific surface area (82.249 m²/g), and a point of zero charge (pzc) of 12.6, which indicate a strongly positive surface favorable for anionic adsorption. Batch adsorption experiments were performed to study the influence of contact time, pH, temperature, initial ion concentration, and ionic strength on adsorption performance. The optimized composite material achieved fluoride and phosphate removal efficiencies of &gt;96 % and 62 %, respectively. Adsorption kinetics followed the pseudo second order model for fluoride and a mixed mechanism for phosphate ions, which thermodynamic analysis confirmed exothermic (for phosphate ion), endothermic (for fluoride ion) and spontaneous uptake. Process optimization using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) based on Central Composite Design (CCD) validated the composite’s operational efficiency. The synergistic effects of Ca²⁺-rich active sites, porous morphology and multifunctional surface groups could contribute to the effective adsorption across the WHO-recommended pH range (6.5–9.5). These results highlight the AAC-P@Ca composite material as a promising circular-economy driven adsorbent for sustainable water purification and anion remediation applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9749,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Journal Advances","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100975"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145797463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}