{"title":"<i>Call for Special Issue Papers:</i> Cellular Reprogramming 25th Anniversary Deadline for Manuscript Submission: April 30, 2023.","authors":"Carlos-Filipe Pereira","doi":"10.1089/cell.2022.29073.cfp","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/cell.2022.29073.cfp","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9708,"journal":{"name":"Cellular reprogramming","volume":"24 6","pages":"315-316"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9137869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cellular reprogrammingPub Date : 2022-12-01Epub Date: 2022-11-03DOI: 10.1089/cell.2022.0071
Alexandra Moauro, Robin E Kruger, Daniel O'Hagan, Amy Ralston
{"title":"Fluorescent Reporters Distinguish Stem Cell Colony Subtypes During Somatic Cell Reprogramming.","authors":"Alexandra Moauro, Robin E Kruger, Daniel O'Hagan, Amy Ralston","doi":"10.1089/cell.2022.0071","DOIUrl":"10.1089/cell.2022.0071","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Somatic cell reprogramming was first developed to create induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells. Since that time, the highly dynamic and heterogeneous nature of the reprogramming process has come to be appreciated. Remarkably, a distinct type of stem cell, called induced extraembryonic endoderm (iXEN) stem cell, is also formed during reprogramming of mouse somatic cells by ectopic expression of the transcription factors, OCT4, SOX2, KLF4, and MYC (OSKM). The mechanisms leading somatic cells to adopt differing stem cell fates are challenging to resolve given that formation of either stem cell type is slow, stochastic, and rare. For these reasons, fluorescent gene expression reporters have provided an invaluable tool for revealing the path from the somatic state to pluripotency. However, no such reporters have been established for comparable studies of iXEN cell formation. In this study, we examined the expression of multiple fluorescent reporters, including <i>Nanog</i>, <i>Oct4</i>, and the endodermal genes, <i>Gata4</i> and <i>Gata6</i>-alone and in combination, during reprogramming. We show that only simultaneous evaluation of <i>Nanog</i> and <i>Gata4</i> reliably distinguishes iPS and iXEN cell colonies during reprogramming.</p>","PeriodicalId":9708,"journal":{"name":"Cellular reprogramming","volume":"24 6","pages":"353-362"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/7b/1e/cell.2022.0071.PMC9805857.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9080971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Handi Cao, Sanxing Gao, Ritika Jogani, Ryohichi Sugimura
{"title":"The Tumor Microenvironment Reprograms Immune Cells.","authors":"Handi Cao, Sanxing Gao, Ritika Jogani, Ryohichi Sugimura","doi":"10.1089/cell.2022.0047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/cell.2022.0047","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Tumor tissue comprises a highly complex network of diverse cell types. The tumor microenvironment (TME) can be mainly subdivided into cancer cells and stromal cell compartments, the latter include different types of immune cells, fibroblasts, endothelial cells, and pericytes. Tumor cells reprogram immune cells and other stromal cells in the TME to constrain their antitumor capacity by creating an immunosuppressive milieu and metabolism competition. Moreover, the reprogramming effect on immune cells is localized not only in the tumor but also at the systemic level. With wide application of single-cell sequencing technology, tumor-specific characteristics of immune cells and other stromal cells in the TME have been dissected. In this review, we mainly focus on how tumor cells reprogram immune cells both within the TME and peripheral blood. This information can further help us to improve the efficiency of current immunotherapy as well as bring up new ideas to combat cancer.</p>","PeriodicalId":9708,"journal":{"name":"Cellular reprogramming","volume":"24 6","pages":"343-352"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10572719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Therapeutic Potential of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in the Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus.","authors":"Liang Zhu, Sheng Wang, JunSheng Qu, Zongguang Hui, Chengxia Kan, Ningning Hou, Xiaodong Sun","doi":"10.1089/cell.2022.0039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/cell.2022.0039","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) exist in many tissues and can differentiate into cells of multiple lineages, such as adipocytes, osteoblasts, or chondrocytes. MSC administration has demonstrated therapeutic potential in various degenerative and inflammatory diseases (<i>e.g.</i>, graft-vs.-host disease, multiple sclerosis, Crohn's disease, organ fibrosis, and diabetes mellitus [DM]). The mechanisms involved in the therapeutic effects of MSCs are multifaceted. Generally, implanted MSCs can migrate to sites of injury, where they establish an anti-inflammatory and regenerative microenvironment in damaged tissues. In addition, MSCs can modulate innate and adaptive immune responses through immunosuppressive mechanisms that involve immune cells, inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and immunomodulatory factors. DM has a high prevalence worldwide; it also contributes to a high rate of mortality worldwide. MSCs offer a promising therapeutic agent to prevent or repair damage from DM and diabetic complications through properties such as multilineage differentiation, homing, promotion of angiogenesis, and immunomodulation (<i>e.g.</i>, prevention of oxidative stress, fibrosis, and cell death). In this study, we review current findings regarding the immunomodulatory and regenerative mechanisms of MSCs, as well as their therapeutic applications in DM and DM-related complications.</p>","PeriodicalId":9708,"journal":{"name":"Cellular reprogramming","volume":"24 6","pages":"329-342"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10574455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Synthetic Embryos Can Complete Gastrulation and Initiate Organogenesis <i>Ex Utero</i>.","authors":"Alejo E Rodriguez-Fraticelli","doi":"10.1089/cell.2022.0111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/cell.2022.0111","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Developmental biology has been revolutionized by two recent articles showing that synthetic mouse embryos derived from embryonic stem cells (ESCs) can be grown <i>ex vivo</i> and complete gastrulation up to the organogenesis stage. This is a remarkable achievement that had never been attained using stem cells before. Both studies used transcription factors to reprogram extraembryonic cells, which they combined with naive ESCs. Further culture of these aggregates using gas-exchange bioreactors allowed these aggregates to proceed through gastrulation and organogenesis, resembling E8.5 stage mouse embryos. These advanced synthetic embryos will allow the modeling of challenging stages of mammalian development. Translation of these findings to human pluripotent systems may allow the production of rare cell types for engineering and therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":9708,"journal":{"name":"Cellular reprogramming","volume":" ","pages":"223-224"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33499154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Janelle Drouin-Ouellet, Dan Li, Yuancheng Ryan Lu, Camila Vazquez Echegaray
{"title":"The 2022 International Society for Stem Cell Research (ISSCR) Annual Meeting: Celebrating 20 Years of Achievements.","authors":"Janelle Drouin-Ouellet, Dan Li, Yuancheng Ryan Lu, Camila Vazquez Echegaray","doi":"10.1089/cell.2022.0105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/cell.2022.0105","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Last June, the stem cell community came together to celebrate the 20th anniversary of the International Society for Stem Cell Research (ISSCR), one of the leading organizations in the field. The hybrid event mixed a varied program filled with plenary talks, concurrent track sessions, poster presentations, exhibit booths, and plenty of opportunities to enhance stem cell research through bonding between academia and industry. This report highlights the Plenary sessions, with the main topics discussed by each speaker. All the impressive research showcased during the meeting is genuine proof of the great advancements the field has witnessed during these last 20 years, and the more to come.</p>","PeriodicalId":9708,"journal":{"name":"Cellular reprogramming","volume":" ","pages":"212-222"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33499155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Past, Present, and Future of Direct Cell Reprogramming.","authors":"Henrik Ahlenius","doi":"10.1089/cell.2022.0110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/cell.2022.0110","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Budding off from the broader developmental biology and stem cell research fields, cellular reprogramming is now established as a prominent discipline in its own right. Direct cell reprogramming is defined as the cell fate conversion of a somatic cell toward another identity without a pluripotent intermediate state. In addition to the opportunity for mechanistic dissection of lineage commitment in human cells, the field offer the promise of diverse applications such as for disease modeling, cell replacement therapy, regenerative medicine, and immunotherapy that have recently spurred innovation and out of the box thinking to unleash the potential of cellular plasticity.</p>","PeriodicalId":9708,"journal":{"name":"Cellular reprogramming","volume":" ","pages":"205-211"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33498680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Appropriate Exogenous Expression Stoichiometry of GATA4 as an Important Factor for Cardiac Reprogramming of Human Dermal Fibroblasts.","authors":"Xiangyu Zhang, Qi Zhang, Lijun Chen, Baomei Cai, Mengying Zeng, Sihua Ou, Yating Chen, Ziyu Feng, Huan Chen, Shangtao Cao, Kai Kang","doi":"10.1089/cell.2022.0014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/cell.2022.0014","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Reprogramming of human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) into induced cardiomyocyte-like cells (iCMs) represents a promising strategy for human cardiac regeneration. Different cocktails of cardiac transcription factors can convert HDFs into iCMs, although with low efficiency and immature phenotype. Here, GATA4, MEF2C, TBX5, MESP1, and MYOCD (GMTMeMy for short) were used to reprogram HDFs by retrovirus infection. We found that the exogenous expression stoichiometry of GATA4 (GATA4 stoichiometry) significantly affected reprogramming efficiency. When 1/8 dosage of GATA4 virus (GATA4 dosage) plus MTMeMy was used, the reprogramming efficiency was obviously improved compared with average pooled virus encoding each factor, which measured, by the expression level of cardiac genes, the percentage of cardiac troponin T and alpha-cardiac myosin heavy-chain immunopositive cells and the numbers of iCMs showing calcium oscillation or beating synchronously in co-culture with mouse CMs. In addition, we prepared conditioned maintenance medium (CMM) by CM differentiation of H9 human embryonic stem cell line. We found that compared with traditional maintenance medium (TMM), CMM made iCMs show well-organized sarcomere formation and characteristic calcium oscillation wave earlier. These findings demonstrated that appropriate GATA4 stoichiometry was essential for cardiac reprogramming and some components in CMM were important for maturation of iCMs.</p>","PeriodicalId":9708,"journal":{"name":"Cellular reprogramming","volume":" ","pages":"283-293"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40405502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}