Caryologia最新文献

{"title":"Evaluation of the evolutionary process within Populus caspica species from Hyrcanian forests by karyotype analysis","authors":"F. Asadi-Corom, Farhad Asadi, H. Mirzaie-Nodoushan","doi":"10.36253/caryologia-2295","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36253/caryologia-2295","url":null,"abstract":"Caspian poplar (Populus caspica Bornm.) is distributed exclusively in the Hyrcanian forests. Hyrcanian forests are the final remnants of Tertiary temperate deciduous forests in Western Eurasia and worldwide. This species plays a significant ecological role in the protection of the natural environment in Hyrcanian forests. In this research, chromosome number and karyotype details of 11 populations of the species were investigated for the first time, using fresh root cuttings collected from mature trees in different parts of the forest, located in the northern parts of Iran. Pre-treatment, fixation, hydrolyzing, and staining were conducted by α-bromonaphthalene, carnoy’s solution, 1N HCl, and hematoxylin agent, respectively. Chromosomal data were analyzed according to a nested model based on a completely randomized design. Chromosome numbers of all of the populations were the same as 2n = 38, which mostly were medium region and sub-metacentric types. Significant differences were observed between the provinces and populations, based on chromosome length grand means, arm ratios and centromere indices. The results demonstrated that structural rearrangement has occurred within the studied populations and indicated an active evolutionary process within and between populations of the species due to natural hybridization. Also, these results showed that artificial inter-specific hybridization between the P. caspica and its relative species can be employed to broaden the ecological zone of the species.","PeriodicalId":9634,"journal":{"name":"Caryologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140237450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Apogamous Isoetes coromandelina L.f. (Isoetaceae) with asynaptic meiosis","authors":"V. Irudayaraj, A. Benniamin, S. Arokia Raj","doi":"10.36253/caryologia-2222","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36253/caryologia-2222","url":null,"abstract":"This cytological study on Isoetes coromandelina L.f (Isoetaceae) from Tirunelveli District, Tamil Nadu, South India shows the presence of twenty two individual chromosomes along with a fragment (n=2n=22+1) during meiosis in megaspore mother cells without the presence of any bivalent. Cytomixis between two megaspores is very common, resulting in the formation of a high percentage of abortive spores. The present material is of an apogamous taxon with asynaptic Meiosis as reported by Abraham and Ninan from Kerala and Karnataka.","PeriodicalId":9634,"journal":{"name":"Caryologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140240019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chromosomal and genome size variations in Opium poppy (Papaver somniferum L.) from Afghanistan","authors":"Sayed Zia Rasekh, G. Karimzadeh","doi":"10.36253/caryologia-1955","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36253/caryologia-1955","url":null,"abstract":"The genus Papaver classified in the Papaveraceae family, is a valuable, non-alternative medicinal plant which has illustrated a massive variety of pharmacologically important alkaloids. Chromosomal and monoploid genome size diversity of seven populations collected from different districts of Balkh Province in northern parts of Afghanistan were studied. All populations were diploid, six of which (P1-P6) had 22 chromosomes, while P7 had 20 larger chromosomes. The mean chromosome length (CL) of P1-P6 populations was 1.32 μm (0.91-1.74 μm), but that of P7 population was 2.24 μm. The results of flow cytometric analysis showed that the mean monoploid 2Cx DNA of P1-P6 populations was 5.701 pg (5.574-5.901 pg), whereas that of P7 population was 5.795 pg, confirming intraspecific variation. This study is being reported for the first time from the northern part of Afghanistan’s opium cultivation area, and P7 population is also being reported for the first time in terms of chromosome number. Valuable information on Cytogenetics can be used in some research fields, including polygenetic analysis, taxonomic relationships, evolutionary characteristics, and plant breeding.","PeriodicalId":9634,"journal":{"name":"Caryologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140239585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chromosomal characterization mediated by karyomorphological analysis and differential banding pattern in fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.): a neglected legume","authors":"Indranil Santra, Diptesh Biswas, Biswajit Ghosh","doi":"10.36253/caryologia-2159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36253/caryologia-2159","url":null,"abstract":"Fenugreek or Trigonella foenum-graecum L. is a commercially important yet neglected crop of the family Fabaceae, with potent medicinal applications, and can treat several diseases as well. Conventional breeding studies for higher yields of commercial crops largely depend on chromosomal information of the particular species. Despite a number of cytological research being conducted on T. foenum-graecum, a complete characterization of its chromosomes has not been achieved due to the limitations of traditional karyotype analysis methods. A range of chromosomal markers are advantageous to characterize at full extent and identify individual chromosomes rather than relying on only physical metrics. Thus, in this study, in addition to giemsa staining, other approaches like fluorochrome and silver staining were used for the precise karyomorphological analysis of this species. Enzyme maceration and air drying (EMA) based fluorochrome banding with GC-specific stain Chromomycin A3 (CMA), and AT-specific stain 4’,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) applied for the first time for chromosome characterization. The results showed 2n = 16 chromosomes in metaphase cells, with karyotype formula of 2m+6sm. The unique banding pattern observed in the CMA/DAPI and AgNOR staining highlights the AT and GC-rich regions as well as the nucleolar organizer regions (NORs). All this crucial information can further assist in conducting breeding studies of more precision with simultaneously encouraging similar studies that need to be done in other unexploited species of importance.","PeriodicalId":9634,"journal":{"name":"Caryologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140416757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Meiotic behavior and its implications on the reproductive success of Arnebia euchroma (Royle ex Benth.) I.M.Johnst. (Boraginaceae), an important medicinal plant of Trans-Himalaya","authors":"I. I. Sofi, Shivali Verma, A. H. Ganie, Namrata Sharma, Manzoor A. Shah","doi":"10.36253/caryologia-2154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36253/caryologia-2154","url":null,"abstract":"The present study reports the chromosome number, meiotic behavior and its relation with pollen fertility and seed set of Arnebia euchroma (Royle ex Benth.) I.M.Johnst. The species shows a chromosome count of 2n = 2x = 14. The meiotic abnormalities such as chromatin stickiness, cytomixis, laggard formation, chromosomal bridges, were also observed in the Pollen Mother Cells (PMCs) of the target plant species. The linear model of regression showed a significant reduction of seed set with increasing meiotic abnormality and correlation analysis highlighted positive relationship between pollen viability and seed set. Meiotic abnormalities within the species hinder its reproductive process, causing a decline in reproductive efficiency. This study highlights the importance of addressing these intrinsic factors in future conservation programs to prevent a decline in the species population in nature.","PeriodicalId":9634,"journal":{"name":"Caryologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140408302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microtubule response to salt stress","authors":"Emre Köseoğlu, Özlem Aytürk","doi":"10.36253/caryologia-2229","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36253/caryologia-2229","url":null,"abstract":"This study has aimed to investigate the relationship between salt stress, programmed cell death (PCD) and microtubule distribution in terms of duration and stress dose. PCD is an important mechanism that benefits living organisms throughout their lives. On the other hand, PCD is an indirect effect that reduces efficiency when it occurs under stress. In this research The maize (Zea mays) roots were exposed to salt stress with 0, 50, 100, 300 and 500 mM NaCl. The prepared paraffin sections of these five groups were subjected to DAPI (4-6-diamidino-2-phenylindole) and TUNEL analysis to study the morphological changes caused by stress-induced nuclear degeneration. PCD was determined. Microtubule labeling analysis was performed on the tissues to determine whether there were stress-induced microtubule changes in these cells and disturbances were found; they exhibited aggregation, regional thickening, and random distribution around the nucleus and vacuole and under the cell wall. When all groups were evaluated, cells exposed to a salt concentration of 50 mM (even after 24 hours) were significantly less damaged than cells at other concentrations (100, 300, and 500 mM) at each time point. The rate of progression and spread to the whole tissue was significantly higher at 300 and 500 mM salt concentrations compared to the other groups. To reduce economic losses in salty soils, it is of great importance to fully investigate stress. The data that will emerge from our research, which is the subject of a small number of studies, will help to understand the mechanism of stress, microtubule and PCD.","PeriodicalId":9634,"journal":{"name":"Caryologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140408831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The chromosome resembles more a crystal than other cell organelles","authors":"Antonio Lima-De-Faria","doi":"10.36253/caryologia-2332","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36253/caryologia-2332","url":null,"abstract":"Several organelles in the cell, such as mitochondria and chloroplasts, are limited by one or several membranes, whereas others, like ribosomes and nucleoli have no membranes. Their shape is decided by their inner atomic coherence. The mineral crystal has no delimiting membranes built by separate atoms. Atomic self-assembly determines its pattern. Remarkable is that the chromosome has no outer membrane limiting its pattern as seen in the light and electronic microscopes. Its pattern is also decided by the inner coherence of the atomic configuration of its DNA, RNA, and proteins. The chromosome appears to occupy an intermediate position between a mineral crystal and a cell organelle when its atomic configuration is considered.","PeriodicalId":9634,"journal":{"name":"Caryologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140412651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chromosome counts and karyotype features of different ecotypes of Allium L. species (Amaryllidaceae – Subg. Melanocrommyum) in Iran","authors":"Shahla Hosseini, Hiva Yaghoobi","doi":"10.36253/caryologia-2203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36253/caryologia-2203","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to investigate the karyotypes of five Allium species, which belong to three sections of the subgenus Melanocrommyum. Bulbs from these species were collected from natural habitats in Iran, and their somatic chromosomes were analysed. The results revealed that all examined members of subg. Melanocrommyum had a basic chromosome number of x=8 and were diploid (2n=2x=16). Chromosomal data for A. saralicum and A. shatakiense are reported here for the first time. The karyotypes exhibited a variety of chromosome types and sizes, including variations observed among different accessions of the same species. In particular, A. saralicum showed satellite chromosomes ranging in size from 2.2 to 3.71 µm, located on the short arm. Seven accessions of A. saralicum, A. stipitatum, and A. haemanthoides demonstrated the presence of 1-3 B chromosomes with centromeres located in the median or subterminal position. Notably, the number of B chromosomes varied even among different accessions of the same species. Based on various indices, the karyotypes of the species were classified into symmetric and asymmetric groups. All karyotype asymmetry methods consistently identified A. stipitatum as the species with the most asymmetric chromosomes, while A. ubipetrense was recognized as the most symmetric species. This study contributes to the karyological knowledge of the genus Allium and provides valuable data for future taxonomic research. It emphasizes the significance of chromosomal characteristics in understanding plant evolution and species diversity within the Allium genus.","PeriodicalId":9634,"journal":{"name":"Caryologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140409307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Karyotype asymmetry in some Scilloideae (Hyacinthaceae) members from Algeria","authors":"M. Nassar, Nora Sakhraoui, G. Domina","doi":"10.36253/caryologia-2238","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36253/caryologia-2238","url":null,"abstract":"This cytogenetic study attempts to shed light on the karyomorphological and asymmetry data of species in the subfamily Scilloideae previously included in Scilla, namely Hyacinthoides lingulata (Poir.) Rothm., Prospero autumnale (L.) Speta, Prospero obtusifolium (Poir.) Speta, Barnardia numidica (Poir.) Speta, and Oncostema elongata (Parl.) Speta. These taxa are predominantly from the Skikda region (northeastern Algeria). H. lingulata had a somatic chromosome number 2n=2x=16, P. autumnale 2n=2x=14, P. obtusifolium 2n=2x= 8, B. numidica 2n=2x=18, and O. elongata 2n=2x=16. The indices of intrachromosomal (MCA, A1, and AsI) and interchromosomal (CVCL, CVCI, and A2) asymmetry revealed that H. lingulata has the most asymmetrical karyotype (1C), while P. autumnale has the most symmetrical karyotype (3A). P. obtusifolium has a relatively symmetrical karyotype (4A), while B. numidica and O. elongata have both an asymmetrical karyotype (1B). These findings differ from those previously reported for the same taxa in Algeria, hence indicating the substantial genetic variation that exists within the country.","PeriodicalId":9634,"journal":{"name":"Caryologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140414770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"“Searching for order at all levels”. Antonio Lima-de-Faria (July 4, 1921 – December 27, 2023)","authors":"Stefano Serafini, Tatyana S. Turova","doi":"10.36253/caryologia-2465","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36253/caryologia-2465","url":null,"abstract":"Professor Antonio Lima-de-Faria was our friend and, in a sense, a teacher. Despite our different fields of study, this master of scientific thought has deeply influenced both of us.\u0000Dr. Stefano Serafini came to know the work of Antonio Lima-de-Faria when he was just a teenager thanks to a disseminative article by the late Italian geneticist, Giuseppe Sermonti. Lima-de-Faria’s elegant vision of a universal order at all levels of nature opened his eyes to the consistency of patterns, forms, and function throughout the mineral, vegetable, and animal realms – a concept that has influenced his work in urban studies.\u0000Prof. Tatyana Turova met Antonio Lima-de-Faria on a museum tour of the Royal Physiographic Society (Lund). He was 95. When Antonio came to know that she is a mathematician working in probability, the discussion went straight to a critical analysis of the concept of randomness. That conversation kept going over the years.\u0000Professor Emeritus of Molecular Cytogenetics at Lund University (Sweden), Antonio Lima-de-Faria was a scientist of rare character. He had the innate gift of courage and the ability to tackle big problems despite dominant opinions. He was rigorous and tenacious in his method, and he had an immense knowledge and a sharp rationality.\u0000Antonio Lima-de-Faria defined himself as “a surviving dinosaur” to both of us.  He was a magnificent old man – but that “dinosaur” had been ahead of his time since the beginning of his career. This was a constant. In the early 1960s, a multinational company discreetly requested him to develop a futuristic agrifood bioengineering program. This is the current reality of the genetically modified organism.\u0000Known to the scientific world as a pioneer and one of the most relevant exponents of molecular cytogenetics (his 1969 Handbook of Molecular Cytology is a classic) – not to mention author of over 200 research articles and influencing monographs – Lima-de-Faria became a member of some of the world’s top scientific societies. He also taught in some of the most prestigious universities. He received awards and recognition for his extraordinary activity. These included the appointment as Knight of the Order of the North Star by the Swedish King and as Great Official of the Order of Santiago by the President of Portugal. He held scientific consultancy positions for governments and institutions, including the European Space Agency, the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, and the World Bank Group. He never stopped working and studying. In fact, he focused on the molecular organization of the chromosome until the end of his long life.\u0000Despite all of this, his endeavor was not always understood. His famous book, Evolution without Selection: Form and Function by Autoevolution (Elsevier, 1988, translated into Russian, Japanese, and Italian) is not only fundamental and revolutionary but also a case of sociology of science. This book, which advanced the current trend in molecular bio","PeriodicalId":9634,"journal":{"name":"Caryologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140410434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}