Case Reports in Oncology最新文献

{"title":"Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma of the Sinonasal Cavity: A Case Report and Literature Review.","authors":"Ahmad Al-Bitar, Bishr A Al-Abdulrazzak, Ruba Alahmar","doi":"10.1159/000546446","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000546446","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC), a rare, aggressive malignancy of secretory epithelia, is often present with nonspecific symptoms, delaying diagnosis.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>A 67-year-old male reported 10 months of nasal obstruction, mouth breathing, and sleep disturbances. The initial evaluation for foreign body obstruction revealed septal deviation and low-density sinonasal tissue on CT. MRI identified a 7 × 4.5 × 7 cm heterogeneous lesion invading nasal structures, paranasal sinuses, and nasopharynx with diffusion restriction. Tru-cut biopsy confirmed ACC via cribriform, tubular, and solid basaloid cell patterns, pseudocystic spaces, biphasic ductal-myoepithelial cells, and perineural invasion. Immunohistochemistry (CK7, CD117, p63, S100) supported the diagnosis, with tumor-free margins and no metastases. Multimodal therapy (30 VMAT sessions, 4 cisplatin-vinorelbine cycles) improved symptoms.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This case illustrates ACC's diagnostic complexity, requiring advanced imaging and histopathology to exclude mimics. Despite indolent early progression, ACC's neurotropic spread and late-stage detection demand aggressive treatment. While surgery with adjuvant radiotherapy remains standard, the absence of metastases here underscores its variable behavior.</p>","PeriodicalId":9625,"journal":{"name":"Case Reports in Oncology","volume":"18 1","pages":"809-816"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12180789/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144367960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sequential Myelomatous Pleural and Pericardial Effusions in Multiple Myeloma: A Case Report Demonstrating Extended Survival with Teclistamab.","authors":"Deena Mudawi, Abdulrahman F Al-Mashdali, Ahmad Tawalbeh, Lajos Szabados, Dina Sameh Soliman, Shehab Fareed","doi":"10.1159/000545930","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000545930","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Myelomatous pleural effusion (MPE) and pericardial involvement are rare manifestations of multiple myeloma (MM), occurring in less than 1% of cases and carrying historically poor prognoses. We present a unique case where both these rare serous cavity manifestations occurred sequentially in the same patient, demonstrating the evolving treatment landscape with novel targeted therapies.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>A 42-year-old Asian female presented with left shoulder pain and swelling, leading to the diagnosis of IgG lambda MM with extensive extramedullary disease. After initial partial response to D-VRD therapy, she developed MPE with complete left lung collapse. Following failure of second-line KPD-PACE therapy, she received teclistamab, achieving complete metabolic and morphological response documented by PET-CT. After maintaining remission for 10 months, she experienced relapse with pericardial involvement presenting as cardiac tamponade.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The patient demonstrated an unprecedented response to BCMA-targeted therapy with teclistamab, achieving complete remission that lasted 10 months - more than doubling the historical median survival of 4 months for MPE. Flow cytometry proved instrumental in rapid diagnosis, showing 11% lambda monotypic plasma cells in the pleural fluid. The subsequent pericardial involvement after initial complete response highlighted the persistent challenges in managing extramedullary disease. This case represents the first documented instance of sequential MPE and pericardial involvement in MM, demonstrating the potential of novel targeted therapies, particularly BCMA-directed approaches, in extending survival and improving outcomes in these rare but aggressive disease manifestations.</p>","PeriodicalId":9625,"journal":{"name":"Case Reports in Oncology","volume":"18 1","pages":"620-629"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12105835/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144149360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mammary Paget's Disease of the Nipple: A Case Report.","authors":"Loubna Slama, Hafsa Taheri, Nadir Miry, Amal Bennani, Zainab Chatbi, Ibtissam Bellajdel, Hanane Saadi, Ahmed Mimouni","doi":"10.1159/000546289","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000546289","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Tumors of the nipple-areolar complex are relatively uncommon, and Paget's disease is an uncommon presentation involving epidermal invasion of the nipple by a carcinoma in situ. Mammary Paget's disease (MPD) presents a diagnostic challenge, especially in the absence of a palpable breast mass, which often leads to delayed diagnosis and treatment.</p><p><strong>Case report: </strong>We present the case of a 64-year-old woman with persistent skin erosion of the left nipple that was unresponsive to multiple topical treatments. Diagnostic evaluation, including mammography and MRI, revealed no invasive malignancy. Nipple biopsy confirmed MPD with underlying in situ ductal carcinoma. The patient underwent lumpectomy with removal of the nipple-areolar complex, followed by radiotherapy, resulting in a favorable outcome.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Diagnosis of MPD can be challenging because of its resemblance to benign dermatological conditions. Imaging, particularly mammography and MRI, is essential for assessing the underlying malignancy and surgical planning. Treatment typically involves surgical excision, with breast-conserving therapy considered for localized disease. Early detection significantly improves the prognosis, particularly in the absence of invasive cancer.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>MPD should be considered in patients with persistent eczematous nipple lesions resistant to topical treatments. Early diagnosis and appropriate surgical management are crucial to achieve favorable outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":9625,"journal":{"name":"Case Reports in Oncology","volume":"18 1","pages":"780-785"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12178597/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144332526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fenbendazole as an Anticancer Agent? A Case Series of Self-Administration in Three Patients.","authors":"William Makis, Ilyes Baghli, Pierrick Martinez","doi":"10.1159/000546362","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000546362","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Fenbendazole (FBZ), an inexpensive and widely accessible antiparasitic drug used in veterinary medicine, has garnered growing interest for its potential as an anticancer therapy. Preclinical studies suggest that FBZ exerts its anticancer effects through a wide variety of mechanisms. While FBZ has shown promise both in vitro and in vivo studies, clinical evidence supporting its use and efficacy in treating metastatic cancer is currently limited.</p><p><strong>Case presentations: </strong>This report highlights 3 cases of patients with advanced cancer - including breast, prostate, and melanoma. Two patients achieved complete remission, and one achieved near-complete remission after incorporating FBZ into their treatment regimens alongside other therapies (excluding chemotherapy). All three patients tolerated FBZ without any reported adverse effects, and remission was sustained during follow-up periods ranging from 11 months to nearly 3 years.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>FBZ demonstrates potential as a novel promising therapeutic option for repurposing in oncology. Its ability to contribute to tumor regression and achieve disease remission warrants further clinical research to establish its efficacy and optimize its use.</p>","PeriodicalId":9625,"journal":{"name":"Case Reports in Oncology","volume":"18 1","pages":"856-863"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12215191/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144552419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Extensive Bone Marrow Involvement by <i>BRAF</i> ^V660E-Mutated Bi-Phenotypic Erdheim-Chester Neoplasm/Rosai-Dorfman Disease (Mixed Histiocytic Neoplasm) with Atypical Histological Features and Fulminant Hemophagocytosis.","authors":"Dina Soliman, Firyal Ibrahim, Hasan Rizvi, Mahir Petkar, Zsolt Lengyel, Aliya Habib Sange, Awni Alshurafa, Ruba Yasin","doi":"10.1159/000545775","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000545775","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Erdheim-Chester disease (ECD) is a recently recognized clonal hematopoietic neoplasm characterized by activating alterations in the MAPK pathway. It involves multi-organ accumulation of abnormal histiocytes, leading to nonspecific clinical manifestations due to inflammation and fibrosis caused by histiocytic infiltration.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>We present a 45-year-old male with nonspecific clinical symptoms and progressive skin and abdominal lesions. Multiple tissue biopsies revealed fibrohistiocytic infiltration but provided an inconclusive diagnosis. Imaging studies showed extensive fibrosis in the perinephric regions on CT and sclerotic foci in long and pelvic bones on PET/CT. Bone marrow biopsy revealed abnormal histiocytes with multinucleated giant forms, prominent emperipolesis, active hemophagocytosis, and condensed hemosiderin deposition. Immunohistochemistry showed positive histiocytes for CD68, CD163, and partially for S-100. Molecular analysis confirmed the <i>BRAFV660E</i> mutation, establishing a diagnosis of ECD with atypical histologic features and findings overlapping with Rosai-Dorfman (mixed histiocytosis). The diagnosis was challenging due to extensive fibrosis, the lack of typical histopathologic features of ECD, in addition to concurrent involvement by Rosai-Dorfman cells (mixed histiocytosis), activated macrophages, and dense hemosiderin deposition - a morphologic characteristic not previously described in ECD. Unfortunately, the diagnosis was delayed by 6 years, which tragically led to a fatal outcome.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The case highlights the need to recognize that ECD diagnosis requires integrating histopathology with clinical and radiographic findings. It emphasizes the importance of awareness of mixed histiocytosis features and the role of detecting BRAF mutations, even through immunohistochemistry, in suspected histiocytic neoplasms. Extensive bone marrow involvement by ECD is rarely described. To our knowledge, there are no prior reports of bi-phenotypic (concurrent) ECD/RDD mixed histiocytosis affecting the bone marrow.</p>","PeriodicalId":9625,"journal":{"name":"Case Reports in Oncology","volume":"18 1","pages":"602-612"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12105831/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144149354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cervical Lymphadenopathy in Concomitant CML and Tuberculosis: A Case Report.","authors":"Afia Aziz, Awni Alshurafa, Mohammad Yassin","doi":"10.1159/000546368","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000546368","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Chronic myeloid leukemia is a myeloproliferative disorder characterized by the uncontrolled proliferation of mature and maturing granulocytes in the bone marrow, along with the presence of the Philadelphia chromosome. Lymphadenopathy is an uncommon initial manifestation of CML and is typically attributed to the disease itself. However, with the use of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), which can affect T-cell-mediated immunity, new or persistent lymphadenopathy in CML patients warrants investigation to rule out opportunistic infections, including tuberculosis (TB), or progression to the blast phase of CML.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>A 35-year-old male diagnosed with chronic-phase CML initially presented with cervical lymphadenopathy. The lymphadenopathy was initially attributed to CML. Further evaluation, including a lymph node biopsy, revealed concurrent TB infection. Treatment with appropriate anti-tuberculous therapy led to the resolution of the lymphadenopathy.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This case highlights the importance of considering opportunistic infections, such as TB, in CML patients presenting with lymphadenopathy, particularly those on TKI therapy. Prompt investigation and appropriate management are crucial to avoid complications and ensure optimal patient outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":9625,"journal":{"name":"Case Reports in Oncology","volume":"18 1","pages":"751-755"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12173442/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144315961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inadequate Ovarian Function Suppression with GnRH Agonists and Subsequent Bilateral Salpingo-Oophorectomy Revealing Ovarian Stromal Hyperplasia in a Premenopausal Woman with Early-Stage, Hormone Receptor-Positive Breast Cancer: A Case Report.","authors":"Leyla Bayat, Kelsey Kossl, Amanda Pechman, Alan Marcus, Maryann Kwa","doi":"10.1159/000546479","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000546479","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>A current standard treatment for pre- or perimenopausal women with high-risk early-stage, hormone receptor-positive breast cancer who have undergone definitive surgery is adjuvant treatment with ovarian function suppression (OFS) with a GnRH agonist (leuprolide or goserelin) with endocrine therapy with an aromatase inhibitor or tamoxifen. Routine measurement of serum estradiol levels for monitoring of OFS during treatment is not a part of current NCCN guidelines. The frequency of estradiol monitoring is therefore often at the discretion of the clinician, and the goal estradiol level is not well established.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>We present the case of a 47-year-old female with high-risk early-stage hormone receptor-positive breast cancer who despite use of GnRH agonists did not achieve an estradiol level within the postmenopausal range. She had received two different GnRH agonists (leuprolide and goserelin) and later underwent a bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy (BSO). The pathology showed stromal hyperplasia in both ovaries. After the BSO in April 2024, the GnRH agonist was stopped. The serum estradiol level remained elevated (not in the postmenopausal range) after surgery for 12 months, prior to decreasing to the postmenopausal range.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our patient's clinical course highlights the need for better understanding and establishment of monitoring guidelines for estradiol and the optimal degree of ovarian suppression for patients with breast cancer receiving OFS.</p>","PeriodicalId":9625,"journal":{"name":"Case Reports in Oncology","volume":"18 1","pages":"864-871"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12215198/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144552420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Entrectinib-Induced Pericarditis with Cardiac Tamponade in a Patient with Neurotrophic Tropomyosin Receptor Kinase 1 Fusion-Positive Breast Cancer.","authors":"Aki Aoyama, Yutaro Yoshitomi, Akihiko Shimomura, Yukino Kawamura, Tomoko Taniyama, Atsumasa Kurozumi, Shuji Kubota, Yukio Hiroi, Chikako Shimizu","doi":"10.1159/000546503","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000546503","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Entrectinib is a multikinase inhibitor used to treat neurotrophic tropomyosin receptor kinase (<i>NTRK</i>) fusion-positive, locally advanced, or metastatic tumors. Cardiovascular events, such as congestive heart failure and myocarditis, have been reported in association with entrectinib use.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>A 31-year-old female with <i>NTRK1</i> fusion-positive breast cancer presented to our hospital with dyspnea and orthopnea 21 days after initiating entrectinib therapy (600 mg/day orally). Transthoracic echocardiography revealed circumferential pericardial effusion with diastolic right atrial and ventricular collapse. Consequently, she was diagnosed with pericarditis complicated by cardiac tamponade, and pericardiocentesis was performed. Cardiac tamponade resolved after discontinuation of entrectinib and initiation of corticosteroid therapy. Subsequently, larotrectinib (200 mg/day orally) was initiated.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of entrectinib-induced pericarditis complicated by cardiac tamponade. Patients should be closely monitored for signs of pericarditis and cardiac tamponade at the start of entrectinib therapy. In patients who develop cardiovascular toxicity due to entrectinib, larotrectinib may be considered as an alternative treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":9625,"journal":{"name":"Case Reports in Oncology","volume":"18 1","pages":"824-829"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12180791/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144367964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Century of Hypomethylating Agent: A Remarkable Response to Azacitidine Monotherapy for Relapsed Acute Myeloid Leukemia - A Case Report.","authors":"Chetan Jeurkar, Amry Majeed, Lindsay Wilde, Gina Keiffer, Margaret Kasner","doi":"10.1159/000545569","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000545569","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a disease of the elderly with a median age at diagnosis of 68 and with a very poor prognosis outside of those patients who have cytogenetic and/or molecular findings which confer a better prognosis. Most fit patients are treated with chemotherapy and then allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant if they are intermediate or poor risk by ELN 2022 criteria (aSCT). aSCT is the mainstay of curative treatment although many patients are not candidates due to age, performance status, and comorbidities. In patients who are not candidates for curative treatment, low-intensity chemotherapy regimens, including monotherapy with hypomethylating agents (HMAs) such as azacitidine or decitabine, may be trialed with a palliative intent. In patients who have relapsed disease, responses to therapy are generally dismal and overall survival is extremely low.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>We report a 73-year-old male patient who was initially diagnosed with inversion 16 AML, underwent induction chemotherapy with 7 + 3 and then consolidation with 4 cycles of high-dose cytarabine. He was found to have relapse after consolidation but did not elect to undergo allogeneic bone marrow transplant and so was given palliative single-agent azacitidine. He has since received over 100 cycles of azacitidine and remains in remission.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>To our knowledge, no other reports describe relapsed AML treated with HMA monotherapy achieving such exceptional survival. The remarkable response duration suggests mechanisms beyond cytotoxicity. Further research should explore HMA monotherapy's effects across AML subgroups, including inv(16).</p>","PeriodicalId":9625,"journal":{"name":"Case Reports in Oncology","volume":"18 1","pages":"575-581"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12080975/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144076238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Consecutive Uncontrolled Gastrointestinal Immune-Related Adverse Events Induced by Pembrolizumab in a Patient with Lung Adenocarcinoma: A Case Report.","authors":"Yoshikazu Toshima, Keiki Yokoo, Koki Kamata, Takayuki Nagao, Satoshi Ota, Gen Yamada, Hirofumi Chiba","doi":"10.1159/000546295","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000546295","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Immune-checkpoint inhibitors, such as pembrolizumab, have been used for non-small cell lung cancer treatment but are often associated with immune-related adverse events (irAEs).</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>A 71-year-old female was diagnosed with lung adenocarcinoma (cT3N0M1c; BRN, cStage IVB [UICC-8th edition]) and was treated with pembrolizumab monotherapy, achieving a partial response. After five cycles, she developed anorexia and abdominal pain, and upper gastrointestinal endoscopy revealed hemorrhagic gastritis because of irAEs. Systemic steroids improved the gastritis, and pembrolizumab was re-administered. However, after re-treatment, she developed interstitial lung disease, enteritis, and recurrent gastritis, all of which were irAEs. Despite high-dose steroids and infliximab addition, the irAEs remained uncontrolled, and the patient eventually died.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Caution is essential when re-administering immune-checkpoint inhibitors to patients with prior irAEs, although upper gastrointestinal irAEs are usually manageable.</p>","PeriodicalId":9625,"journal":{"name":"Case Reports in Oncology","volume":"18 1","pages":"794-799"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12180787/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144367962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}