Cardiovascular Ultrasound最新文献

{"title":"A multicentric quality-control study of exercise Doppler echocardiography of the right heart and the pulmonary circulation. The RIGHT Heart International NETwork (RIGHT-NET).","authors":"Francesco Ferrara,&nbsp;Luna Gargani,&nbsp;Carla Contaldi,&nbsp;Gergely Agoston,&nbsp;Paola Argiento,&nbsp;William F Armstrong,&nbsp;Francesco Bandera,&nbsp;Filippo Cademartiri,&nbsp;Rodolfo Citro,&nbsp;Antonio Cittadini,&nbsp;Rosangela Cocchia,&nbsp;Michele D'Alto,&nbsp;Antonello D'Andrea,&nbsp;Philipp Douschan,&nbsp;Stefano Ghio,&nbsp;Ekkehard Grünig,&nbsp;Marco Guazzi,&nbsp;Stefania Guida,&nbsp;Jaroslaw D Kasprzak,&nbsp;Theodore John Kolias,&nbsp;Giuseppe Limongelli,&nbsp;Alberto Maria Marra,&nbsp;Matteo Mazzola,&nbsp;Ciro Mauro,&nbsp;Antonella Moreo,&nbsp;Francesco Pieri,&nbsp;Lorenza Pratali,&nbsp;Nicola Riccardo Pugliese,&nbsp;Mauro Raciti,&nbsp;Brigida Ranieri,&nbsp;Lawrence Rudski,&nbsp;Rajan Saggar,&nbsp;Andrea Salzano,&nbsp;Walter Serra,&nbsp;Anna Agnese Stanziola,&nbsp;Mani Vannan,&nbsp;Damien Voilliot,&nbsp;Olga Vriz,&nbsp;Karina Wierzbowska-Drabik,&nbsp;Robert Naeije,&nbsp;Eduardo Bossone","doi":"10.1186/s12947-021-00238-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12947-021-00238-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study was a quality-control study of resting and exercise Doppler echocardiography (EDE) variables measured by 19 echocardiography laboratories with proven experience participating in the RIGHT Heart International NETwork.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>All participating investigators reported the requested variables from ten randomly selected exercise stress tests. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) were calculated to evaluate the inter-observer agreement with the core laboratory. Inter-observer variability of resting and peak exercise tricuspid regurgitation velocity (TRV), right ventricular outflow tract acceleration time (RVOT Act), tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE), tissue Doppler tricuspid lateral annular systolic velocity (S'), right ventricular fractional area change (RV FAC), left ventricular outflow tract velocity time integral (LVOT VTI), mitral inflow pulsed wave Doppler velocity (E), diastolic mitral annular velocity by TDI (e') and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) were measured.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The accuracy of 19 investigators for all variables ranged from 99.7 to 100%. ICC was > 0.90 for all observers. Inter-observer variability for resting and exercise variables was for TRV = 3.8 to 2.4%, E = 5.7 to 8.3%, e' = 6 to 6.5%, RVOT Act = 9.7 to 12, LVOT VTI = 7.4 to 9.6%, S' = 2.9 to 2.9% and TAPSE = 5.3 to 8%. Moderate inter-observer variability was found for resting and peak exercise RV FAC (15 to 16%). LVEF revealed lower resting and peak exercise variability of 7.6 and 9%.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>When performed in expert centers EDE is a reproducible tool for the assessment of the right heart and the pulmonary circulation.</p>","PeriodicalId":9613,"journal":{"name":"Cardiovascular Ultrasound","volume":"19 1","pages":"9"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2021-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1186/s12947-021-00238-1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38840635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on the views and methods of ultrasonic screening and diagnosis for abnormal aortic arch in infants.","authors":"Xinjian He,&nbsp;Jiaoyang Chen,&nbsp;Gaoyang Li","doi":"10.1186/s12947-021-00237-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12947-021-00237-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The purpose of this study was to explore echocardiographic views and methods of aortic arch anomalies in infants, so as to improve the screening sensitivity and diagnostic accuracy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>140 children with abnormal aortic arch diagnosed by ultrasound in Children's Hospital of Hebei Province from January 2014 to December 2019 were selected for retrospective analysis. All were confirmed by surgery or/and computerized tomography angiography. Series of views for aortic arch (the three-vessel and tracheal view, aortic arch short axis view, left aortic arch long axis view, aortic arch long axis continuous scan views) were performed in all cases on the basis of the routine views of echocardiography. The screening sensitivity and diagnostic coincidence rate of different echocardiographic views for aortic arch anomalies were analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the 140 infants, right aortic arch were 21 cases (6/21 were accompanied by mirror branch and 15/21 were with aberrant left subclavian artery). Left aortic arch with aberrant right subclavian artery were 2 cases, and double aortic arch with both arches open were 20 cases. Double aortic arch with left arch atresia were 2 cases, and atresia of the proximal aorta with aortic arch dysplasia was 1 case. Coarctation of the aorta were 67 cases, and interruption of aortic arch were 27 cases. All the patients were correctly diagnosed except that 2 infants with interruption of aortic arch were incorrectly diagnosed as coarctation of the aorta, and 1 infant with coarctation of the aorta was misdiagnosed as interruption of aortic arch by echocardiography. The screening sensitivities of four views and four-view combination for abnormal aortic arch were 99.3, 73.6, 87.1, 99.3, and 100%; the diagnostic coincidence rates were 85.7, 27.1,66.4, 95.0%, and 97.9% respectively. On the basis of traditional left aortic long axis view, other three views had their own advantages. The screening sensitivity and diagnostic coincidence rate of four-view combination were significantly improved.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The three-vessel trachea view is simple and feasible, which is suitable for screening abnormal aortic arch. The combination of four views conduces to improving screening sensitivity and diagnostic accuracy of aortic arch abnormalities.</p>","PeriodicalId":9613,"journal":{"name":"Cardiovascular Ultrasound","volume":"19 1","pages":"8"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2021-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1186/s12947-021-00237-2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38819999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Usefulness of speckle tracking echocardiography and biomarkers for detecting acute cellular rejection after heart transplantation.","authors":"Cecilia Beatriz Bittencourt Viana Cruz,&nbsp;Ludhmila A Hajjar,&nbsp;Fernando Bacal,&nbsp;Marco S Lofrano-Alves,&nbsp;Márcio S M Lima,&nbsp;Maria C Abduch,&nbsp;Marcelo L C Vieira,&nbsp;Hsu P Chiang,&nbsp;Juliana B C Salviano,&nbsp;Isabela Bispo Santos da Silva Costa,&nbsp;Julia Tizue Fukushima,&nbsp;Joao C N Sbano,&nbsp;Wilson Mathias,&nbsp;Jeane M Tsutsui","doi":"10.1186/s12947-020-00235-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12947-020-00235-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Acute cellular rejection (ACR) is a major complication after heart transplantation. Endomyocardial biopsy (EMB) remains the gold standard for its diagnosis, but it has concerning complications. We evaluated the usefulness of speckle tracking echocardiography (STE) and biomarkers for detecting ACR after heart transplantation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We prospectively studied 60 transplant patients with normal left and right ventricular systolic function who underwent EMB for surveillance 6 months after transplantation. Sixty age- and sex-matched healthy individuals constituted the control group. Conventional echocardiographic parameters, left ventricular global longitudinal, radial and circumferential strain (LV-GLS, LV-GRS and LV-GCS, respectively), left ventricular systolic twist (LV-twist) and right ventricular free wall longitudinal strain (RV-FWLS) were analyzed just before the procedure. We also measured biomarkers at the same moment.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the 60 studied patients, 17 (28%) had severe ACR (grade ≥ 2R), and 43 (72%) had no significant ACR (grade 0 - 1R). The absolute values of LV-GLS, LV-twist and RV-FWLS were lower in transplant patients with ACR degree ≥ 2 R than in those without ACR (12.5% ± 2.9% vs 14.8% ± 2.3%, p=0.002; 13.9° ± 4.8° vs 17.1° ± 3.2°, p=0.048; 16.6% ± 2.9% vs 21.4%± 3.2%, p < 0.001; respectively), while no differences were observed between the LV-GRS or LV-GCS. All of these parameters were lower in the transplant group without ACR than in the nontransplant control group, except for the LV-twist. Cardiac troponin I levels were significantly higher in patients with significant ACR than in patients without significant ACR [0.19 ng/mL (0.09-1.31) vs 0.05 ng/mL (0.01-0.18), p=0.007]. The combination of troponin with LV-GLS, RV-FWLS and LV-Twist had an area under curve for the detection of ACR of 0.80 (0.68-0.92), 0.89 (0.81-0.93) and 0.79 (0.66-0.92), respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Heart transplant patients have altered left ventricular dynamics compared with control individuals. The combination of troponin with strain parameters had higher accuracy for the detection of ACR than the isolated variables and this association might select patients with a higher risk for ACR who will benefit from an EMB procedure in the first year after heart transplantation.</p>","PeriodicalId":9613,"journal":{"name":"Cardiovascular Ultrasound","volume":"19 1","pages":"6"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2021-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1186/s12947-020-00235-w","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39148815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prognostic effect of increased left ventricular wall thickness in severe aortic stenosis.","authors":"Kyungil Park,&nbsp;Tae-Ho Park,&nbsp;Yoon-Seong Jo,&nbsp;Young-Rak Cho,&nbsp;Jong-Sung Park,&nbsp;Moo-Hyun Kim,&nbsp;Young-Dae Kim","doi":"10.1186/s12947-020-00234-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12947-020-00234-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>It is unclear whether increased left ventricular (LV) thickness is associated with worse clinical outcomes in severe aortic stenosis (AS). The aim of this study was to determine the effect of increased LV wall thickness (LVWT) on major clinical outcomes in patients with severe AS.</p><p><strong>Methods and results: </strong>This study included 290 severe AS patients (mean age 69.4 ± 11.0 years; 136 females) between January 2008 and December 2018. For outcome assessment, the endpoint was defined as death from all causes, cardiovascular death, and the aortic valve replacement (AVR) surgery rate. During follow-up (48.7 ± 39.0 months), 157 patients had AVR, 43 patients died, and 28 patients died from cardiovascular causes. Patients with increased LVWT underwent AVR surgery much more than those without LVWT (60.0% vs. 39.0%, p < 0.001). Furthermore, in patients with increased LVWT, the all-cause and cardiovascular death rates were significantly lower in the AVR group than in the non-AVR group (8.8% vs. 27.3%, p < 0.001, 4.8%, vs. 21.0%, p < 0.001). Multivariate analysis revealed that increased LVWT, age, dyspnea, and AVR surgery were significantly correlated with cardiovascular death.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In patients with severe AS, increased LVWT was associated with a higher AVR surgery rate and an increased rate of cardiovascular death independent of other well-known prognostic variates. Thus, these findings suggest that increased LVWT might be used as a potential prognostic factor in severe AS patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":9613,"journal":{"name":"Cardiovascular Ultrasound","volume":"19 1","pages":"5"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2021-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1186/s12947-020-00234-x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38788295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contribution of sarcomere gene mutations to left atrial function in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.","authors":"Hyemoon Chung,&nbsp;Yoonjung Kim,&nbsp;Chul Hwan Park,&nbsp;In-Soo Kim,&nbsp;Jong-Youn Kim,&nbsp;Pil-Ki Min,&nbsp;Young Won Yoon,&nbsp;Tae Hoon Kim,&nbsp;Byoung Kwon Lee,&nbsp;Bum-Kee Hong,&nbsp;Se-Joong Rim,&nbsp;Hyuck Moon Kwon,&nbsp;Kyung-A Lee,&nbsp;Eui-Young Choi","doi":"10.1186/s12947-020-00233-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12947-020-00233-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Left atrial (LA) enlargement and dysfunction are related to clinical course in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). We aimed to investigate genetic contribution to LA structural and functional remodeling.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Two hundred twelve patients were consecutively enrolled, and echocardiography and extensive genetic analysis were performed. Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) was performed in 135 patients. Echocardiography was also performed in controls (n = 30).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Patients with HCM had lower late-diastolic mitral annular velocity (a') and higher LA volume index (LAVI) than controls. Patients with pathogenic or likely pathogenic sarcomere gene mutations (PSM, n = 67, 32%) had higher LAVI and lower CMR-derived LA total emptying fraction (37.0 ± 18.5 vs. 44.2 ± 12.4%, p = 0.025). In patients without AF (n = 187), the PSM had lower a' (6.9 ± 2.0 vs. 7.8 ± 1.9 cm/s, p = 0.004) than others. The PSM had higher prevalence and amount of late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) in the left ventricle (LV). In multivariate analysis, PSM was significantly related to lower a' independent of E/e', LV mass index, and LAVI. However, the relation significantly attenuated after adjustment for the extent of LGE in the LV, suggesting common myopathy in the LV and LA. In addition, PSM was significantly related to lower LA total emptying fraction independent of age, E/e', s', LV ejection fraction, LV myocardial global longitudinal strain and %LGE mass.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>PSM was related to LA dysfunction independent of LV filling pressure and LAVI, suggesting its contribution to atrial myopathy in HCM.</p>","PeriodicalId":9613,"journal":{"name":"Cardiovascular Ultrasound","volume":"19 1","pages":"4"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2021-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1186/s12947-020-00233-y","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39124510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preoperative false-negative transthoracic echocardiographic results in native valve infective endocarditis patients: a retrospective study from 2001 to 2018.","authors":"Zuning Ren,&nbsp;Jian Zhang,&nbsp;Hongjie Chen,&nbsp;Xichao Mo,&nbsp;Shaohang Cai,&nbsp;Jie Peng","doi":"10.1186/s12947-020-00229-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12947-020-00229-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Infective endocarditis (IE) is a lethal disease that is difficult to diagnosis early. Although echocardiography is one of the most widely used diagnostic technique, it has limited sensitivity. This study surveyed the clinical features of IE patients who underwent surgery and compared transthoracic echocardiography and histological findings to explore the factors related to false-negative echocardiographic results.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Medical records were extracted from IE patients consecutively hospitalized between June 2001 and June 2018.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 182 patients with native valve IE who underwent surgery were included. Compared to the non-surgery group, the surgery group was more likely to have pre-existing valvular lesions and more serious cardiac conditions and a relative lack of signs of infection and cerebrovascular events, leading to a lower proportion of \"definite cases\" before surgery. The false-negative rate of echocardiography was 14.5%. Echocardiography has significant disadvantages in diagnosing perivalvular abscesses, valve perforations, and left-sided endocarditis, especially for subjects with both aortic and mitral valve infections. The multivariate analysis identified congenital heart disease and small vegetations (< 10 mm) as independent predictors of false-negative echocardiography results. Conversely, fever and heart murmurs on admission served as protective factors.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Under some circumstances, echocardiography provides inconsistent results compared with surgical findings, and negative echocardiography results do not rule out IE. The diagnosis of IE depends on comprehensive evaluations using multiple methods.</p>","PeriodicalId":9613,"journal":{"name":"Cardiovascular Ultrasound","volume":"19 1","pages":"2"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2021-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1186/s12947-020-00229-8","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38772188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of global and regional myocardial strains in patients with heart failure with a preserved ejection fraction vs hypertension vs age-matched control.","authors":"Hyung Yoon Kim,&nbsp;Sung-Ji Park,&nbsp;Sang-Chol Lee,&nbsp;Shin Yi Chang,&nbsp;Eun-Kyoung Kim,&nbsp;Sung-A Chang,&nbsp;Jin-Oh Choi,&nbsp;Seung Woo Park,&nbsp;Sung-Mok Kim,&nbsp;Yeon Hyeon Choe,&nbsp;Jae K Oh","doi":"10.1186/s12947-020-00223-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12947-020-00223-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>With an increasing clinical importance of the treatment of the heart failure (HF) with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), it is important to be certain of the diagnosis of HF. We investigated global and regional left ventricular (LV) strains using speckle tracking echocardiography (STE) in patients with HFpEF and compared those parameters with that of patients with hypertension and normal subjects.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Peak longitudinal, circumferential and radial strains were assessed globally and regionally for each study groups using STE. Diastolic strain rate was also determined.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There were 50 patients in HFpEF group, 56 patients in hypertension group and 46 age-matched normal subjects. In patients with HFpEF, global peak longitudinal, circumferential and radial strain and strain rate were reduced compared to both hypertension patients and normal controls (- 15.5 ± 5.3 vs - 17.7 ± 3.1 and - 19.9 ± 2.0; - 9.7 ± 2.2 vs - 19.3 ± 3.1 and - 20.5 ± 3.3; 17.7 ± 8.2 vs 38.4 ± 12.4 and 43.6 ± 11.9, respectively, P <  0.001, for all). The diagnostic performance of global circumferential strain to predict the HFpEF was greatest among strain parameters (area under the curve = 0.997).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In the speckle tracking echocardiography, impaired peak global strain and homogeneously reduced regional strain was observed in HFpEF patients compared to the hypertension patients and normal subjects in decreasing order. This can provide early information on the initiation of LV deformation of HFpEF in patients with hypertension or normal subjects.</p>","PeriodicalId":9613,"journal":{"name":"Cardiovascular Ultrasound","volume":" ","pages":"44"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2020-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1186/s12947-020-00223-0","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38587351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanistic validation of the 2016 American Society of Echocardiography/European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging Guidelines for the assessment of diastolic dysfunction in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction.","authors":"Ythan H Goldberg,&nbsp;David Megyessi,&nbsp;Mischa Flam,&nbsp;Daniel M Spevack,&nbsp;Martin G Sundqvist,&nbsp;Martin Ugander","doi":"10.1186/s12947-020-00224-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12947-020-00224-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The American Society for Echocardiography/European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging (ASE/EACVI) 2016 guidelines for assessment of diastolic dysfunction (DD) are based primarily on the effects of diastolic dysfunction on left ventricular filling hemodynamics. However, these measures do not provide quantifiable mechanistic information about diastolic function. The Parameterized Diastolic Filling (PDF) formalism is a validated theoretical framework that describes DD in terms of the physical properties of left ventricular filling.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>We hypothesized that PDF analysis can provide mechanistic insight into the mechanical properties governing higher grade DD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Patients referred for echocardiography showing reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (< 45%) were prospectively classified into DD grade according to 2016 ASE/EACVI guidelines. Serial E-waves acquired during free breathing using pulsed wave Doppler of transmitral blood flow were analyzed using the PDF formalism.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Higher DD grade (grade 2 or 3, n = 20 vs grade 1, n = 30) was associated with increased chamber stiffness (261 ± 71 vs 169 ± 61 g/s², p < 0.001), increased filling energy (2.0 ± 0.9 vs 1.0 ± 0.5 mJ, p < 0.001) and greater peak forces resisting filling (median [interquartile range], 18 [15-24] vs 11 [8-14] mN, p < 0.001). DD grade was unrelated to chamber viscoelasticity (21 ± 4 vs 20 ± 6 g/s, p = 0.32). Stiffness was inversely correlated with ejection fraction (r = - 0.39, p = 0.005).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Higher grade DD was associated with changes in the mechanical properties that determine the physics of poorer left ventricular filling. These findings provide mechanistic insight into, and independent validation of the appropriateness of the 2016 guidelines for assessment of DD.</p>","PeriodicalId":9613,"journal":{"name":"Cardiovascular Ultrasound","volume":" ","pages":"42"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2020-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1186/s12947-020-00224-z","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38500382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Local myocardial stiffness variations identified by high frame rate shear wave echocardiography.","authors":"Mihai Strachinaru, Johan G Bosch, Arend F L Schinkel, Michelle Michels, Lida Feyz, Nico de Jong, Marcel L Geleijnse, Hendrik J Vos","doi":"10.1186/s12947-020-00222-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12947-020-00222-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Shear waves are generated by the closure of the heart valves. Significant differences in shear wave velocity have been found recently between normal myocardium and disease models of diffusely increased muscle stiffness. In this study we correlate in vivo myocardial shear wave imaging (SWI) with presence of scarred tissue, as model for local increase of stiffness. Stiffness variation is hypothesized to appear as velocity variation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Ten healthy volunteers (group 1), 10 hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) patients without any cardiac intervention (group 2), and 10 HCM patients with prior septal reduction therapy (group 3) underwent high frame rate tissue Doppler echocardiography. The SW in the interventricular septum after aortic valve closure was mapped along two M-mode lines, in the inner and outer layer.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We compared SWI to 3D echocardiography and strain imaging. In groups 1 and 2, no change in velocity was detected. In group 3, 8/10 patients showed a variation in SW velocity. All three patients having transmural scar showed a simultaneous velocity variation in both layers. Out of six patients with endocardial scar, five showed variations in the inner layer.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Local variations in stiffness, with myocardial remodeling post septal reduction therapy as model, can be detected by a local variation in the propagation velocity of naturally occurring shear waves.</p>","PeriodicalId":9613,"journal":{"name":"Cardiovascular Ultrasound","volume":" ","pages":"40"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2020-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7525991/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38435002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tissue Doppler Imaging and strain rate of the left atrial lateral wall: age related variations and comparison with parameters of diastolic function.","authors":"Laura V Argento,&nbsp;Carolina M Travetto,&nbsp;Maria de Las M Colicigno,&nbsp;Gerardo Marambio,&nbsp;Silvia Gentile,&nbsp;Ana Salvati,&nbsp;Jorge Lax,&nbsp;Tomás Cianciulli","doi":"10.1186/s12947-020-00221-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12947-020-00221-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Strain Rate Imaging (SRI) is one of the most used techniques to study left atrial (LA) and diastolic function. Its availability in low-income countries is diminished since it requires additional expensive software, among other limitations. In contrast, Tissue Doppler Imaging (TDI) is widely available and easy to use. We hypothesize TDI could detect changes in LA and diastolic function associated with age similarly to SRI. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of age on LA and diastolic function assessed by LA lateral wall TDI online by spectral pulse, and to compare them with age-related variations of LA SRI and other parameters of diastolic function in a population of healthy adults.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Ninety-one healthy adults were prospectively evaluated. In apical four - chamber view the LA lateral wall was divided in three portions. Peak velocities of basal and mid portions were measured with TDI online by spectral pulse and with SRI by speckle tracking. A first positive wave (S'la and SRS) and two negative waves (E'la and SRE, and A'la and SRA respectively) were obtained. E'la/A'la ratio and SRE/SRA ratio were analyzed. The distribution of the variables by age subgroups was described and analyzed. Correlation analyses were performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The median age was 42 years old and 54.9% were female. E'la/A'la showed a negative good correlation with age. E'la/A'la and SRE/SRA ratios changed from > 1 to < 1 in the age group of 41-50 years old, while this occurred in the group of 51-60 years old for the E/A ratio. Lateral and septal mitral annulus E´ showed decrease with age and prolongation of E-wave deceleration time was observed in the age group over 61 years old.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Normal values​​ according to age group of TDI of the LA lateral wall were obtained. Age-related changes in LA and diastolic function could be detected as early with TDI as with SRI. Future studies are required to explore if this method could be used to address in part LA or diastolic function in other populations with established cardiovascular disease or at risk of presenting it, which could be useful in low-income settings, where SRI is not available.</p>","PeriodicalId":9613,"journal":{"name":"Cardiovascular Ultrasound","volume":" ","pages":"38"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2020-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1186/s12947-020-00221-2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38365939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}