Cardiovascular Therapeutics最新文献

{"title":"Atorvastatin Attenuates Endothelial Cell Injury in Atherosclerosis Through Inhibiting ACSL4-Mediated Ferroptosis","authors":"Huilian Tan,&nbsp;Ling Liu,&nbsp;Yanchao Qi,&nbsp;Dahong Zhang,&nbsp;Yanchun Zhi,&nbsp;Yu Li,&nbsp;Huimin Zhang,&nbsp;Jun Liu","doi":"10.1155/2024/5522013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/5522013","url":null,"abstract":"<p><b>Objective:</b> This study is aimed at investigating the effects of atorvastatin (ATV) on endothelial cell injury in atherosclerosis (AS) through inhibiting acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 4 (ACSL4)-mediated ferroptosis.</p><p><b>Methods:</b> Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were treated with oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) to establish an in vitro model of AS. The cell viability, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release, apoptosis, and expression levels of apoptotic proteins were assessed. The levels of inflammatory factors and adhesion molecules were determined by ELISA and Western blot, respectively. Cellular iron content, lipid peroxidation, glutathione (GSH) levels, and lipid reactive oxygen species (ROS) were measured. ACSL4 overexpression was performed to investigate its role in ATV-mediated protection against ferroptosis.</p><p><b>Results:</b> ATV alleviated ox-LDL-induced HUVEC damage by restoring cell viability, reducing LDH levels, and inhibiting apoptosis. It also attenuated inflammation and adhesion by decreasing the levels of inflammatory factors TNF-<i>α</i>, IL-6, and IL-8, as well as adhesion molecules ICAM-1 and VCAM-1. ATV inhibited ferroptosis by regulating iron content, malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, ROS levels, and ACSL4 protein expression. Overexpression of ACSL4 (oe-ACSL4) hindered the protective effects of ATV on cell viability, antiapoptotic protein expression, LDH levels, apoptosis, and inflammatory factors.</p><p><b>Conclusion:</b> Our findings suggest that ATV attenuates endothelial cell injury in AS by inhibiting ACSL4-mediated ferroptosis. These results provide insights into the potential therapeutic strategies for the treatment of AS.</p>","PeriodicalId":9582,"journal":{"name":"Cardiovascular Therapeutics","volume":"2024 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/2024/5522013","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141435619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness and Safety of Shengmai San for Viral Myocarditis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials","authors":"Bing-rui Zhang,&nbsp;Xue-han Liu,&nbsp;Yu-tong Ling,&nbsp;Chun-li Lu,&nbsp;Xin-yan Jin,&nbsp;Yi-ming Wei,&nbsp;Yi-qing Cai,&nbsp;Nicola Robinson,&nbsp;Jian-ping Liu","doi":"10.1155/2024/2127018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/2127018","url":null,"abstract":"<p><b>Background:</b> Shengmai San (SMS) is a traditional Chinese medicine formula used for supplementing <i>Qi</i> and <i>Yin</i> and can mitigate symptoms related to malignant arrhythmia and heart failure. This systematic review aimed at exploring the effectiveness and safety of SMS for viral myocarditis (VMC).</p><p><b>Methods:</b> Eight databases from their inception to June 2023 were searched to identified randomized controlled trials (RCTs) focusing on SMS for VMC. The Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool was used to assess methodological quality. Mean difference (MD), standardized mean difference (SMD), and risk ratio (RR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated and input into the meta-analysis using RevMan 5.4.</p><p><b>Results:</b> Forty-four RCTs were included involving 4298 participants. The interventions included 29 types of modified SMS decoctions and 15 patent medicines. Overall study quality was low. Compared with western medicine (WM), SMS was associated with higher recovery rate from palpitations (RR 2.3, 95% CI 1.59, 3.33, 2 RCTs, <i>n</i> = 89), chest pain (RR 1.57, 95% CI [1.17, 2.09], 2 RCTs, <i>n</i> = 89), and lower cTnI (MD −0.82 ng/ml, 95% CI −0.98, −0.66, 1 RCT, <i>n</i> = 60). SMS plus WM was more effective than WM in palpitation recovery rate (RR 1.52, 95% CI 1.21, 1.92, 3 RCTs, <i>n</i> = 136), dyspnea recovery rate (RR 1.47, 95% CI 1.12, 1.94, 3 RCT, <i>n</i> = 267), ECG (RR 1.43, 95% CI 1.32, 1.55, 20 RCT, <i>n</i> = 2035), CK-MB (MD −6.36, 95% CI −8.43, −4.28, 8 RCT, <i>n</i> = 946), and cTnI (MD −0.06, 95% CI −0.06, −0.05, 3 RCT, <i>n</i> = 307). No serious adverse events were reported using SMS alone or in combination with WM.</p><p><b>Conclusion:</b> SMS used alone or combined with WM may have potential effectiveness on symptom alleviation, ECG recovery rate, myocardial injury markers, and cardiac function, but the effectiveness is uncertain due to the low quality and absence of placebo-controlled trials. The exact efficacy of SMS for VMC needs to be confirmed by high-quality double-blind RCTs in the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":9582,"journal":{"name":"Cardiovascular Therapeutics","volume":"2024 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/2024/2127018","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141435618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Prolonged Cycle Length Resulting From Conversion of Atrial Fibrillation to Atrial Tachycardia on Ablation Outcome in Persistent Atrial Fibrillation Ablation","authors":"Jialing He,&nbsp;Guoshu Yang,&nbsp;Duan Luo,&nbsp;Yongxin Yang,&nbsp;Guijun He,&nbsp;Xianchen Yang,&nbsp;Zhen Zhang","doi":"10.1155/2024/8880826","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/8880826","url":null,"abstract":"<p><b>Background:</b> There is limited available data regarding the impact of cycle length (CL) prolongation when converting atrial fibrillation (AF) to organized atrial tachycardia (AT) and its effect on clinical outcomes.</p><p><b>Methods and Method:</b> We retrospectively screened and included a cohort of 132 patients with persistent or long-standing persistent AF who underwent circumferential pulmonary vein isolation (CPVI) and left atrial substrate modification (LASM) between January 2015 and October 2019. In all 132 consecutive patients, persistent AF was successfully converted into organized AT. For cases with recurrence after a 3-month blanking period, a repeat procedure was conducted.</p><p><b>Results:</b> We observed a notable prolongation in CL after ablation (average increase of 56.6 ± 30 ms). Following a median follow-up duration of 9.5 ± 5.1 months, 27 patients experienced recurrence. Through receiver operating curve (ROC) analysis, a prolonged CL cut-off of 42.5 ms was identified, with a specificity of 71% and a sensitivity of 59.4%. Patients were categorized into two groups: those with CL less than 42.5 ms (group A, <i>n</i> = 48) and those with CL more than 42.5 ms (group B, <i>n</i> = 84). The Kaplan–Meier survival curves demonstrated a significantly higher recurrence-free rate after catheter ablation in group B compared to group A (<i>p</i> = 0.002).</p><p><b>Conclusions:</b> Upon termination of persistent AF into AT during ablation, it was found that CL prolongation beyond 42.5 ms was associated with improved freedom from arrhythmia.</p>","PeriodicalId":9582,"journal":{"name":"Cardiovascular Therapeutics","volume":"2024 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/2024/8880826","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141292636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transcatheter Embolization in Congenital Cardiovascular Malformations—Variable Use of Vascular Plugs","authors":"Jochen Pfeifer,&nbsp;Anas Gheibeh,&nbsp;Peter Fries,&nbsp;Martin Poryo,&nbsp;Axel Rentzsch,&nbsp;Hashim Abdul-Khaliq","doi":"10.1155/2024/4778469","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2024/4778469","url":null,"abstract":"<p><b>Objective:</b> The objective of this study is to evaluate the clinical application and primary outcome of transcatheter embolization using Amplatzer™ Vascular Plug (AVP) Type 2 and Type 4 in different congenital cardiovascular malformations.</p><p><b>Design:</b> This is a single-center retrospective observational cohort study.</p><p><b>Methods:</b> We analyzed clinical and imaging data of 36 patients retrospectively who received transcatheter embolizations of the following malformations using AVP: systemic-to-pulmonary collateral arteries (SPCA), patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), ventricular septal defects (VSD), and aberrant pulmonary sequestration arteries (PSA). We included all patients treated in our institution from January 2010 to July 2023.</p><p><b>Results:</b> In 36 patients (median age 40.0 months, range 0.5 months–42.0 years; 56.8% male), 44 AVPs were implanted in 37 procedures. The target lesions were SPCA in <i>n</i> = 15 procedures, PDA in <i>n</i> = 9, VSD in <i>n</i> = 9, and PSA in <i>n</i> = 4. Thirty-four AVP Type 2 and 10 AVP Type 4 were applied, the latter only in SPCA and PSA. SPCA was most common in complex congenital heart disease with univentricular physiology (75.0%). VSD were associated with additional cardiac malformations in 33.3%, PDA were associated with prematurity (55.6%), and all pulmonary sequestrations occurred in scimitar syndrome. Primary total or subtotal occlusion succeeded in <i>n</i>38/44 (86.3%). For residual PDA, an additional occluder was implanted in one patient. In one case, pulmonary sequestration had to be treated surgically. One premature infant with PDA closure sustained a relevant obstruction of the left pulmonary artery by the outer AVP disc which required surgical correction 4 months later.</p><p><b>Conclusion:</b> Embolization using AVP is a suitable approach for closure of various cardiovascular malformations with a high primary success rate and low complication rate. It should be considered in treatment of different irregular vessel anomalies and in selected VSD.</p>","PeriodicalId":9582,"journal":{"name":"Cardiovascular Therapeutics","volume":"2024 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/2024/4778469","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141165435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Invasive Hemodynamic Changes Associated With Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitors: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials","authors":"Abiodun Idowu,&nbsp;Olayinka Adebolu,&nbsp;Casipit Bruce,&nbsp;Bede Nriagu,&nbsp;Endurance Evbayekha,&nbsp;Kevin Bryan Lo,&nbsp;Olayinka Afolabi-Brown,&nbsp;Janani Rangaswami","doi":"10.1155/2024/2735577","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2024/2735577","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) have been shown to lower incident heart failure (HF) and HF hospitalizations, but the mechanisms of benefit in relation to invasive hemodynamics remain unclear. Using PRISMA guidelines, we systematically reviewed multiple online databases for randomized trials evaluating the effect of SGLT2i on invasive hemodynamics. Rest and peak exercise invasive hemodynamics were measured via right heart catheterization pre- and postintervention. Random effects model meta-analysis at a 95% confidence interval was done using RevMan 5.0. A total of 3 studies with a total of 145 patients were included in the meta-analysis. SGLT2i was significantly associated with a reduction in pulmonary capillary wedge pressure at rest and peak exercise. Similarly, SGLT2i reduced mean pulmonary artery pressure at rest and peak exercise, respectively; however, this was not statistically significant. This hypothesis-generating study offers mechanistic insights into the central hemodynamic effects of SGLT2i underpinning the HF benefits of SGLT2i.</p>","PeriodicalId":9582,"journal":{"name":"Cardiovascular Therapeutics","volume":"2024 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/2024/2735577","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141165554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Attenuating Atherosclerosis through Inhibition of the NF-κB/NLRP3/IL-1β Pathway-Mediated Pyroptosis in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells (VSMCs)","authors":"Shihuan Li,&nbsp;Qingjie Li,&nbsp;Qiaofeng Zhou,&nbsp;Suqin Li,&nbsp;Siqi Wang,&nbsp;Qing Yao,&nbsp;Changhan Ouyang,&nbsp;Chao Liu,&nbsp;Mincai Li","doi":"10.1155/2024/1506083","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2024/1506083","url":null,"abstract":"<p><i>Objective</i>. We investigated the effects of resveratrol (Res) and MCC950 on the pyroptosis of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and the potential pathway. <i>Methods and Results</i>. Compared with the control (Con) group, the atherosclerosis (AS) group showed calcified nodules, which suggested that the calcification medium induced the calcification of VSMCs. VSMCs showed proliferative activity and significantly attenuated calcification under treatment with 10 <i>μ</i>mol/L Res. The calcium salt was detected by alizarin red S staining. Res and MCC950 downregulated the calcification, inflammatory, pyroptosis, and transcription factor-related indicators all decreased by RT-qPCR with Western blot and immunofluorescence. The results showed that Res and MCC950 refrained the calcification of VSMCs and that Res has a better effect than MCC950. Plaques and calcium salt deposits were present in the carotid region in the control group. More calcium salt deposits were evident in the plaques of the Par group by HE staining and alizarin red S staining. The calcification indexes BMP2, Runx2, and related indexes declined by immunofluorescence, which showed parthenolide-inhibited AS. The related protein expressions were consistent with the expression of the cell experiments. <i>Conclusion</i>. Our data demonstrated that inflammatory response and pyroptosis exacerbate AS and unravel the link between VSMCs and the progression of AS lesions. Res and MCC950 inhibited the calcification of VSMCs by regulating NF-<i>κ</i>B/NLRP3/IL-1<i>β</i> signaling axis. P53 can exacerbate the AS lesions by acting on NLRP3 inflammasome and pyroptosis. Our findings supported the clinical applications of Res and MCC950 in VSMCs individuals to counteract pyroptosis and AS, and P53 inhibitors also can be a potential treatment for AS.</p>","PeriodicalId":9582,"journal":{"name":"Cardiovascular Therapeutics","volume":"2024 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/2024/1506083","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140298484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perioperative Treatment with Rivaroxaban and Dabigatran on Changes of Coagulation and Platelet Activation Biomarkers following Left Atrial Appendage Closure","authors":"Yao Yao,&nbsp;Yanli Li,&nbsp;Qinchun Jin,&nbsp;Xiaoye Li,&nbsp;Xiaochun Zhang,&nbsp;Qianzhou Lv","doi":"10.1155/2024/4405152","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2024/4405152","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Insufficient data exist regarding the investigation of the impact of novel oral anticoagulants (NOACs) on coagulation activation biomarkers in the context of left atrial appendage closure (LAAC) and device-related thrombosis (DRT). The study was designed to investigate the changes and presence of coagulation activation biomarkers between different antithrombotic strategies following LAAC. A total of 120 nonvalvular atrial fibrillation patients intolerant of long-term anticoagulants, who underwent successful WATCHMAN closure implantation, were enrolled (rivaroxaban, <i>n</i> = 82; dabigatran, <i>n</i> = 38). Blood samples were obtained from left atrium (LA) and left atrial appendage (LAA) during the operation and fasting blood samples on the same day of LAAC and 45 days after discharge. The biochemical indicators, thrombin-antithrombin complex (TAT), soluble P-selectin (sP-selectin), von Willebrand factor (vWF), and CD40 ligand (CD40L), were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The primary endpoints of this study were the efficacy and safety characteristics of different antithrombotic strategies, including DRT incidence, stroke or transient ischemic attack, systemic embolism, and clinical major and nonmajor bleeding complications during the follow-up of 180 days. The results revealed that TAT, vWF, sP-selectin, and CD40L levels in vein were significantly reduced by 2.4% (<i>p</i> = 0.043), 5.0% (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001), 8.7% (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001), and 2.5% (<i>p</i> = 0.043) from their baseline levels after rivaroxaban treatment. Conversely, no significant changes were detected in the dabigatran group. Furthermore, the plasma levels of platelet activation biomarkers (CD40L and sP-selectin) in both LA and LAA groups were significantly lower after anticoagulation with rivaroxaban, as compared to dabigatran treatment (CD40L: 554.62 ± 155.54 vs. 445.02 ± 130.04 for LA <i>p</i> = 0.0013, 578.51 ± 156.28 vs. 480.13 ± 164.37 for LAA <i>p</i> = 0.0052; sP-selectin: 2849.07 ± 846.69 vs. 2225.54 ± 799.96 for LA <i>p</i> = 0.0105, 2915.52 ± 1402.40 vs. 2203.41 ± 1061.67 for LAA <i>p</i> = 0.0022). Notably, the present study suggests that rivaroxaban may be more effective in the prevention of DRT for patients undergoing LAAC.</p>","PeriodicalId":9582,"journal":{"name":"Cardiovascular Therapeutics","volume":"2024 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/2024/4405152","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140105548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"DUSP22 Ameliorates Endothelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition in HUVECs through Smad2/3 and MAPK Signaling Pathways","authors":"Lu Chen,&nbsp;Hongyu Su,&nbsp;Zekai Tao,&nbsp;Cui Liang,&nbsp;Zhongzhao Liu,&nbsp;Yiming Dong,&nbsp;Peipei Zheng,&nbsp;Yuan Liu","doi":"10.1155/2024/5583961","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2024/5583961","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) is the process by which endothelial cells lose their endothelial properties and acquire mesenchymal characteristics. Dual-specific protein phosphatase 22 (DUSP22) inactivates various protein kinases and transcription factors by dephosphorylating serine/threonine residues: hence, it plays a key role in many diseases. The aim of this study was to explore the functional role of DUSP22 in EndMT. In the transforming growth factor-<i>β</i>-induced EndMT model in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), we observed a downregulation of DUSP22 expression. This DUSP22 deficiency could aggravate EndMT. Conversely, the overexpression of DUSP22 could ameliorate EndMT. We used signaling pathway inhibitors to verify our results and found that DUSP22 could regulate EndMT through the smad2/3 and the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways. In summary, DUSP22 ameliorates EndMT in HUVECs in vitro through the smad2/3 and MAPK signaling pathways.</p>","PeriodicalId":9582,"journal":{"name":"Cardiovascular Therapeutics","volume":"2024 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/2024/5583961","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140075165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Major Limitations of Cardiovascular Risk Scores","authors":"Ibtissam Talha,&nbsp;Noureddine Elkhoudri,&nbsp;Abderraouf Hilali","doi":"10.1155/2024/4133365","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2024/4133365","url":null,"abstract":"<p><i>Background</i>. Epidemiological studies conducted in extensive population cohorts have led to the creation of numerous cardiovascular risk predictor models. However, these tools have certain limitations that restrict its applicability. The aim behind the following work is to summarize today’s best-known limitations of cardiovascular risk assessment models through presenting the critical analyses conducted in this area, with the intention of offering practitioners a comprehensive understanding of these restrictions. Critical analyses revealed that these scales exhibit numerous limitations that could impact their performance. Most of these models evaluate cardiovascular risk based on classic risk factors and other restrictions, thereby negatively affecting their sensitivity. Scientists have made significant advancements in improving cardiovascular risk models, tailoring them to accommodate a wide range of populations and devising scales for estimating cardiovascular risks that can account for all prevailing restrictions. Better understanding these limitations could improve the cardiovascular risk stratification.</p>","PeriodicalId":9582,"journal":{"name":"Cardiovascular Therapeutics","volume":"2024 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/2024/4133365","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140001803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Laminaria japonica Aresch-Derived Fucoidan Ameliorates Hyperlipidemia by Upregulating LXRs and Suppressing SREBPs","authors":"Yan Zhang,&nbsp;Tian Liu,&nbsp;Ze-Jie Qu,&nbsp;Xue Wang,&nbsp;Wen-Gang Song,&nbsp;Shou-Dong Guo","doi":"10.1155/2024/8649365","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2024/8649365","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, and hyperlipidemia is one major inducing factor of CVD. It is worthy to note that fucoidans are reported to have hypolipidemic activity with species specificity; however, the underlying mechanisms of action are far from clarification. This study is aimed at investigating the plasma lipid-lowering mechanisms of the fucoidan from <i>L. japonica</i> Aresch by detecting the levels of hepatic genes that are involved in lipid metabolism. Our results demonstrated that the fucoidan F3 significantly lowered total cholesterol and triglyceride in C57BL/6J mice fed a high-fat diet. In the mouse liver, fucoidan F3 intervention significantly increased the gene expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) <i>α</i>, liver X receptor (LXR) <i>α</i> and <i>β</i>, and ATP-binding cassette transporter (ABC) G1 and G8 and decreased the expression of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9), low-density lipoprotein receptor, cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase A1, and sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP) 1c and SREBP-2. These results demonstrated that the antihyperlipidemic effects of fucoidan F3 are related to its activation of PPAR<i>α</i> and LXR/ABC signaling pathways and inactivation of SREBPs. In conclusion, fucoidan F3 may be explored as a potential compound for prevention or treatment of lipid disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":9582,"journal":{"name":"Cardiovascular Therapeutics","volume":"2024 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/2024/8649365","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139761752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}