Cardiovascular Therapeutics最新文献

{"title":"Efficacy and Safety of Olezarsen in Patients With Hypertriglyceridemia: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials","authors":"Kainat Feroz,&nbsp;Amna Parvez,&nbsp;Noor Ul Huda Ramzan,&nbsp;Tehreem Asghar,&nbsp;Ameer Haider Cheema,&nbsp;Ayesha Parvaiz Malik,&nbsp;Tehreem Fatima,&nbsp;Javed Iqbal,&nbsp;Brijesh Sathian","doi":"10.1155/cdr/9984822","DOIUrl":"10.1155/cdr/9984822","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Novel drugs that target apoC-III in lipoprotein metabolism to reduce plasma triglycerides are currently under development. Olezarsen, a drug similar to its predecessor, volanesorsen, is in Phase 3 trials. A meta-analysis of RCTs was done to study its effect on hypertriglyceridemia.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Material and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Screening was done on PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library from inception to August 2024. We used Review Manager (Version 5.4) for statistical analysis. Subgroups of olezarsen at doses of 10, 50, and 80 mg were made. Continuous outcomes were reported as mean differences with 95% CIs. Adverse events were reported using risk ratios and 95% CIs. The risk of bias was analyzed using the Cochrane risk of bias tool.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Four RCTs with 374 participants, 278 in intervention and 96 placebo controls, were included. At all doses of olezarsen, a significant reduction in fasting triglyceride levels (MD: 45.69; 95% CI: 35.84, 55.54; <i>p</i> &lt; 0.00001) was seen. This was most pronounced at 80 mg dose (MD: 51.98 95% CI: 43.06, 60.90; <i>p</i> &lt; 0.00001). A reduction in apoC-III (MD: 58.77; 95% CI: 35.94, 81.61; <i>p</i> &lt; 0.00001) and an increase in HDL (MD: 0.21; 95% CI: 0.04, 0.37; <i>p</i> = 0.01) were also observed. No significant effect was observed on LDL levels (MD: −0.13; 95% CI: −0.40, 0.14; <i>p</i> = 0.34). Overall, no significant adverse effects were seen compared to placebo (RR: 1.42; 95% CI: 0.66, 3.05; <i>p</i> = 0.37).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Olezarsen showed remarkable efficacy in lowering triglycerides, with a dose-dependent effect, while significantly increasing HDL levels and reducing apoC-III. Its safety profile is commendable. Although it performed well compared to volanesorsen, inconsistencies in LDL reduction and heterogeneity in some groups warrant further large-scale RCTs to better assess its safety and efficacy. Clinical decisions should be tailored to individual patient profiles, as hypertriglyceridemia management may vary on a case-to-case basis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9582,"journal":{"name":"Cardiovascular Therapeutics","volume":"2026 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12800740/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145988481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Low-Dose Mavacamten Initiation in Obstructive Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: A Real-World Study in China","authors":"Wenlong Yang,&nbsp;Hui Shi,&nbsp;Rebecca Suchi Chang,&nbsp;Yin Zhang,&nbsp;A. Jixiang,&nbsp;Chunyu Wu,&nbsp;Juying Qian,&nbsp;Junbo Ge,&nbsp;Shuning Zhang","doi":"10.1155/cdr/5690104","DOIUrl":"10.1155/cdr/5690104","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To evaluate the real-world efficacy and safety of low-dose (2.5 mg) mavacamten initiation in Chinese patients with symptomatic obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (oHCM).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods and Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This single-center observational study (Zhongshan Hospital, China; Oct 2024–Apr 2025) enrolled 72 symptomatic oHCM patients (NYHA II/III, LVEF ≥ 55%, resting/Valsalva-provoked LVOT gradient [LVOTG] ≥ 30 mmHg). All patients initiated mavacamten 2.5 mg once daily. Doses were adjusted at Weeks 4, 8, and 12 based on LVEF and LVOTG. Primary outcomes were changes in resting/provoked LVOTG, NT-proBNP, and NYHA class at Week 12. Safety outcomes included LVEF &lt; 50%, cardiac hospitalization, and death.</p>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Significant reductions from baseline to Week 12 were observed: Resting LVOTG (52.4 ± 28.7 to 32.1 ± 23.1 mmHg, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001), Valsalva-provoked LVOTG (74.1 ± 24.4 to 48.7 ± 25.4 mmHg, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001), NT-proBNP (1102.7 ± 1114.9 to 320.2 ± 406.2 pg/mL, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). LVEF remained stable. NYHA class improved by ≥ 1 class in 83.3% (60/72) of patients.</p>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Subgroup analyses revealed significantly greater LVOTG reductions in patients with classic HCM (vs. apical HCM, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) and high baseline resting LVOTG (≥ 50 mmHg vs. &lt; 50 mmHg, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001/<i>p</i> = 0.04). NYHA improvement was consistent across subgroups.</p>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Twenty-two patients escalated to 5 mg at Week 12, achieving further significant LVOTG reductions (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001), particularly in apical HCM and high-baseline-gradient subgroups, with stable LVEF.</p>\u0000 \u0000 <p>No safety events occurred (LVEF &lt; 50%, arrhythmias, hospitalization, and death). Four patients reported transient minor adverse events (dizziness, nausea, and fatigue).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In this first Chinese real-world study, initiating mavacamten at 2.5 mg significantly improved haemodynamics (LVOTG), biomarkers (NT-proBNP), and functional status (NYHA) in oHCM patients over 12 weeks with an excellent safety profile. Greater haemodynamic efficacy was observed in classic HCM and high-baseline-gradient patients. Escalation to 5 mg provided additional benefit. Mavacamten is an effective and safe therapy for oHCM in this Asian population.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9582,"journal":{"name":"Cardiovascular Therapeutics","volume":"2026 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12801204/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145988468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Subclinical Hypothyroidism as a Risk for Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting","authors":"Ricardo Mendes Martins,&nbsp;Felipe José M. Pittella,&nbsp;Beatriz C. de Oliveira,&nbsp;Bernardo G. S. Lima,&nbsp;Caio C. Ferreira,&nbsp;Aline D. Pereira,&nbsp;Wolney A. Martins,&nbsp;Rubens A. C. Filho,&nbsp;Giovanna A. B. Lima","doi":"10.1155/cdr/9940175","DOIUrl":"10.1155/cdr/9940175","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The relationship between hypothyroidism and cardiovascular disease is well established. However, data on subclinical hypothyroidism (SH) and its impact on major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) and postoperative complications following coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) remain limited. This study was aimed at evaluating whether SH is associated with an increased risk of these outcomes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>From 2010 to 2019, 863 patients who underwent CABG for cardiovascular diseases at a reference center were included. The primary outcomes included MACE (composite and individual events: all-cause death, cardiovascular death, stroke, acute myocardial infarction [AMI], and new revascularization) and postoperative complications, including atrial fibrillation (AF), pleural effusion (PLE), pericardial effusion (PCE), infections at any site (IASs), and mediastinitis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>SH patients had higher rates of MACE (20.3% vs. 8.2%, <i>p</i> = 0.001), MACE 4p (22.0% vs. 12.9%, <i>p</i> = 0.002), and stroke (10.2% vs. 3.0%, <i>p</i> = 0.013) than those of euthyroid patients. No significant differences were observed in all-cause death, cardiovascular death, AMI, or new revascularization. Postoperative complications were also more frequent in the SH group: AF (18.6% vs. 9.7%, <i>p</i> = 0.043), PLE (52.6% vs. 19.2%, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.0001), PCE (20.3% vs. 7.8%, <i>p</i> = 0.03), and IAS (28.8% vs. 16.9%, <i>p</i> = 0.032). However, no significant difference was noted in the incidence of mediastinitis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>SH patients who underwent CABG had a higher frequency of MACE and postoperative complications than those of euthyroid patients.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9582,"journal":{"name":"Cardiovascular Therapeutics","volume":"2026 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12796499/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145970547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epigenetic Regulation of ITGB7 Promotes Coronary Heart Disease via Immune and Metabolic Pathways: A Multimodal Mendelian Randomization Study","authors":"Junchi Guo,&nbsp;Fang Huang,&nbsp;Peihan Lu,&nbsp;Meijuan Lu","doi":"10.1155/cdr/4885476","DOIUrl":"10.1155/cdr/4885476","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Coronary heart disease (CHD) is a leading cause of cardiovascular mortality worldwide, with its pathogenesis being complex and not yet fully understood. The rapid development of genomics, especially in epigenetic research, has provided essential tools for identifying new pathogenic targets. This study is aimed at systematically exploring the molecular mechanisms of CHD using protein quantitative trait locus (pQTL) data and multiomics Mendelian randomization (MR) approaches, with a specific focus on the epigenetic regulation of the key gene ITGB7.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The study first integrated 1812 <i>cis</i>-pQTL data with CHD GWAS data to perform a two-sample MR analysis, identifying protein-coding genes significantly associated with CHD. Transcriptomic data were then used to validate the differential expression of these genes. Subsequently, a two-step MR mediation analysis was conducted to explore the upstream regulatory effect of DNA methylation on the key gene ITGB7, as well as the potential mediating roles of ITGB7 on downstream immune cells and plasma metabolites.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>MR analysis identified 17 genes significantly positively associated with CHD, with PCSK9 and ITGB7 showing significant upregulation in the peripheral blood of CHD patients. Mediation analysis revealed that the DNA methylation site cg14524975 (beta_<i>p</i> = 45.64<i>%</i>) significantly increased the risk of CHD by positively regulating the expression of ITGB7. In downstream mechanisms, ITGB7 significantly promoted CHD progression by regulating immune cells, such as CD4+ CD8dim AC (beta_<i>p</i> = 12.04<i>%</i>), and plasma metabolites, including <i>N</i>,<i>N</i>-dimethylalanine (beta_<i>p</i> = 18.96<i>%</i>), benzoate-to-oleoyl–linoleoyl–glycerol (18:1 to 18:2) ratio (beta_<i>p</i> = 34.63<i>%</i>), and serine-to-threonine ratio (beta_<i>p</i> = 12.58<i>%</i>).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study identifies ITGB7 as a novel pathogenic gene for CHD and reveals its multiomics mechanisms in promoting CHD development through DNA methylation regulation, immune response activation, and metabolic pathway disruption. The findings provide valuable theoretical insights and potential biomarkers for the pathogenesis and targeted intervention of CHD.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9582,"journal":{"name":"Cardiovascular Therapeutics","volume":"2026 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12776257/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145932254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Multicohort Machine Learning Framework to Predict Mortality in Elderly Patients With Heart Disease: Insights From HARLS, SHARE, and HRS","authors":"Zhiqiang Yang,&nbsp;Xiaohong Zhang","doi":"10.1155/cdr/8040700","DOIUrl":"10.1155/cdr/8040700","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Elderly patients with heart disease face elevated mortality risk, yet predictive models specifically tailored for this population across different global regions remain limited. Current mortality prediction tools often lack cross-cultural validation and interpretability, hindering their clinical application in diverse healthcare settings.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We developed and validated machine learning models for predicting mortality in elderly heart disease patients using data from three major aging cohorts: the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS, <i>n</i> = 2130), the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE, <i>n</i> = 10,928), and the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) from the United States (<i>n</i> = 4835). Boruta feature selection identified 27 common predictors across cohorts. Eleven machine learning algorithms were trained on the SHARE cohort (70% training and 30% testing) and externally validated on CHARLS and HRS cohorts. Model performance was assessed using area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), sensitivity, specificity, and calibration metrics. SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) analysis was employed to interpret model predictions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>XGBoost demonstrated superior performance with the highest average AUC (0.798) across all datasets, showing excellent generalizability from the SHARE training set (AUC: 0.805) to internal validation (AUC: 0.799) and external validation in HRS (AUC: 0.821) and CHARLS (AUC: 0.770) cohorts. Age consistently emerged as the most influential predictor across all cohorts (SHAP values: 0.056–0.102), followed by gender, moderate physical activity, and self-rated health, though their relative importance varied by cohort. Feature dependence analysis revealed important nonlinear relationships, including U-shaped associations between grip strength and mortality risk.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our multicohort machine learning approach successfully developed a robust, interpretable model for predicting mortality in elderly heart disease patients across diverse global populations. The model′s strong performance in external validation demonstrates its potential for cross-cultural clinical application, while SHAP analysis provides valuable insights into population-specific risk factors that could guide targeted interventions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9582,"journal":{"name":"Cardiovascular Therapeutics","volume":"2026 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12759112/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145899193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hotspots Evolution and Cutting-Edge Trends: A Bibliometric Analysis of Autophagy in Myocardial Infarction Studies From 2007 to 2025.","authors":"Xiao-Lin Li, Jin-Wen Wu, Zeng-Dai-Quan Ke, Yuan-Li Hu, Hang Jiang, Ming-Tai Chen, Han-Yu Hu, Zhong-Jing Hu, Yuan-Yuan Li, Gang Luo, Meng-Nan Liu","doi":"10.1155/cdr/9777688","DOIUrl":"10.1155/cdr/9777688","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Myocardial infarction (MI), a severe cardiovascular disorder, has a well-established association with autophagy and disease progression. However, bibliometric analyses of this relationship remain limited.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>All literature related to autophagy in MI published between 2007 and 2025 was collected from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) and Scopus. The final database search was conducted on December 31, 2025. HistCite Pro, CiteSpace, VOSviewer, SCImago Graphica, and Origin were used for bibliometric analysis and visualization.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This search identified 649 publications on autophagy in MI. China was the most productive country, with Harbin Medical University as the leading institution. Researchers from Japan also made substantial contributions. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications published the highest number of articles. Sadoshima, Junichi was the most active researcher in this field. Current research hotspots include \"oxidative stress\" (the most recent focus) and \"survival\" (with the strongest citation bursts).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This bibliometric analysis synthesizes research trends in autophagy-related MI studies from 2007 to 2025. Future research should prioritize elucidating the mechanistic roles of autophagy in MI, particularly the interplay between mitophagy and the NLRP3 (NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing Protein 3) pathway, to facilitate the development of more effective clinical interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":9582,"journal":{"name":"Cardiovascular Therapeutics","volume":"2026 1","pages":"e9777688"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13173547/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147940341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combination Therapy With Beta-Blockers and Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors for Cardiovascular Diseases: Focus on Bisoprolol/Ramipril.","authors":"Agostino Virdis","doi":"10.1155/cdr/6773898","DOIUrl":"10.1155/cdr/6773898","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Patients with hypertension, especially when complicated by cardiovascular disease (CVD) and/or comorbidities, require long-term treatment with a combination of antihypertensive drugs, which often gives rise to complex drug regimens. Dual-agent combination antihypertensive therapy is recommended in most patients with hypertension, and where available, a fixed-dose single-pill combination (SPC) is recommended. The combination of antihypertensive drugs should take into account the patient's overall CVD risk profile (other CVD risk factors and diagnoses). The combination of a beta-blocker and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEi) acts on two neuroendocrine systems implicated in the pathophysiology of hypertension and multiple CVD: beta-blockers on the sympathetic nervous system and ACEis on the renin-angiotensin system (RAS). A large body of solid evidence states that, in addition to their antihypertensive effects, both beta-blockers and ACEis provide cardioprotection and guarantee reductions in CV morbidity and mortality in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD), atrial fibrillation, and heart failure. For these reasons, such a combination might be beneficial for many patients. This review summarizes the evidence supporting the use of beta-blockers and ACEis, as well as the rationale behind their combined administration, particularly in patients with a high risk of CVD, such as those with ischemic heart disease, atrial fibrillation, or heart failure.</p>","PeriodicalId":9582,"journal":{"name":"Cardiovascular Therapeutics","volume":"2026 1","pages":"e6773898"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13213720/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148027285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association Between Albumin-Corrected Anion Gap and Mortality in ICU Patients With Acute Heart Failure: A MIMIC-IV Cohort Study.","authors":"Huijuan Pu, Guoping Zhao, Yumin Wang, Ni An, Yan Liu, Chenyang Li, Xiuli Zhang, Jie Liu, Wanling Wu, Hong Zhu, Lei Li, Defeng Pan","doi":"10.1155/cdr/9362170","DOIUrl":"10.1155/cdr/9362170","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The albumin-corrected anion gap (ACAG) has been associated with adverse outcomes in critically ill patients. However, its prognostic value in patients with acute heart failure (AHF) remains unclear. This study is aimed at investigating the association between ACAG levels and all-cause mortality in AHF patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective study included AHF patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) for the first time, utilizing data from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care IV (MIMIC-IV) database. Patients were stratified into tertiles (T1-T3) based on ACAG levels. The primary endpoints were 30- and 365-day all-cause mortality, whereas the secondary endpoints included 90- and 180-day all-cause mortality. Kaplan-Meier (K-M) survival analyses, Cox proportional hazards models, and restricted cubic spline (RCS) analyses were employed to assess the association between ACAG and all-cause mortality.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 2754 patients were included, with a mean age of 74 years, and 56.5% of the participants were male. K-M curves demonstrated that elevated ACAG levels correlated with increased mortality at 30, 90, 180, and 365 days (all log-rank p < 0.001). Cox regression analysis indicated that T3 was associated with a higher risk of mortality compared with T1. RCS analysis revealed a nonlinear relationship between ACAG and all-cause mortality. Above certain thresholds, each 1-unit increase in ACAG was linked to a 9% increase in the risk of 30-day mortality (hazard ratio [HR] 1.09, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.07-1.11) and an 8% increase in the risk of 365-day mortality (HR 1.08, 95% CI 1.06-1.09).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>ACAG levels were associated with all-cause mortality in patients with AHF. Thus, ACAG may serve as a valuable prognostic marker for this patient population.</p>","PeriodicalId":9582,"journal":{"name":"Cardiovascular Therapeutics","volume":"2026 1","pages":"e9362170"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13093543/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147721726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrating Traditional Wisdom With Modern Science: Ginsenosides as Antiheart Failure Agents.","authors":"Li Zhou, Yanhua Li, Wenjie Yin, Xi Gu, Jiana Shi, Fan Yang","doi":"10.1155/cdr/3078311","DOIUrl":"10.1155/cdr/3078311","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Heart failure (HF), as the terminal stage of various cardiovascular diseases, remains a global health challenge with persistently high morbidity and mortality rates. Although current therapies-including angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitors, sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors, and cardiac resynchronization therapy-have improved outcomes, significant limitations persist. Ginseng, a renowned traditional Chinese medicine, contains bioactive ginsenosides (e.g., Rb1, Rb3, Re, Rg1, and Rg3) that exhibit multitarget cardioprotective effects, offering a promising therapeutic strategy for HF. This review systematically elucidates the mechanisms by which ginsenosides ameliorate HF, including modulation of myocardial energy metabolism, suppression of oxidative stress and inflammation, attenuation of fibrosis, and inhibition of cardiomyocyte apoptosis. We further evaluate the synergistic efficacy of ginsenoside-containing formulations (e.g., YiQiFuMai injection and Qiliqiangxin capsule) in HF management. Although clinical evidence remains limited and heterogeneous, preclinical studies robustly support ginsenosides as pleiotropic natural compounds with therapeutic potential for HF. Future research should prioritize high-quality clinical trials, optimize delivery systems (e.g., nanocarriers), and explore combination therapies with conventional drugs to accelerate clinical translation.</p>","PeriodicalId":9582,"journal":{"name":"Cardiovascular Therapeutics","volume":"2026 1","pages":"e3078311"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13110372/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147763465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic Evidence Linking Inflammatory Cytokines and Blood Metabolites to Heart Failure Risk.","authors":"Yanbing Yao, Linghui Tang, Peilin Zhou, Feng Huang, Zhiyu Zeng","doi":"10.1155/cdr/6340671","DOIUrl":"10.1155/cdr/6340671","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Heart failure (HF) is a critical condition characterized by the heart's inability to pump blood effectively, leading to significant morbidity and mortality. Inflammation and metabolic disturbances play key roles in its progression. This study is aimed at elucidating the causal relationships between inflammatory cytokines, metabolites, and HF using Mendelian randomization (MR).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A three-step, two-sample MR analysis was performed using genetic data from genome-wide association studies. The study included data on 91 inflammatory cytokines, over 1400 metabolites, and HF cases from the FinnGen project, comprising 29,672 cases and 382,509 controls. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms with significant associations (p < 1 × 10^-5) were selected as instrumental variables. The inverse variance-weighted method was the primary analytical tool, supplemented by MR-Egger, weighted median, simple mode, and weighted mode methods. Heterogeneity was assessed with Cochran's Q test, and pleiotropy was evaluated using MR-Egger intercept and MR-PRESSO. Robustness was confirmed through leave-one-out sensitivity analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The MR analysis identified eight inflammatory cytokines significantly associated with HF risk. Elevated levels of three cytokines (FGF19, MMP-1, and TNF-β) were linked to an increased risk of HF, whereas five cytokines (DNER, IL-10, uPA, TNFSF12, and LIFR) were linked to a decreased risk of HF. Additionally, 12 metabolites were found to be significantly associated with HF, with 6 (2PY, BCG, NAG/NAGal, X-24801, X-21283, and X-22776) enhancing risk and 6 (PC, 3HL, 2-BG, X-23659, X-25422, and X-24546) showing protective effects. Notably, mediation analysis indicated that certain metabolites, X-22776, mediated the effect of uPA on HF.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study provides novel genetic evidence supporting the causal role of inflammatory cytokines in HF and highlights the mediating role of metabolites. These findings offer new insights into the pathogenesis of HF and suggest potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for its prevention and treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":9582,"journal":{"name":"Cardiovascular Therapeutics","volume":"2026 1","pages":"e6340671"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13159094/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147867030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}