Cancer treatment reviews最新文献

{"title":"Integrating antibody-drug conjugates into the management of early breast cancer","authors":"Maria Ibáñez Alda ,&nbsp;Thomas Grinda ,&nbsp;Barbara Pistilli","doi":"10.1016/j.ctrv.2026.103096","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ctrv.2026.103096","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) are a new class of targeted therapies that have demonstrated clinical benefit across various tumor types and disease stages. In breast cancer, following their success in the metastatic setting, ADCs show improved antitumor activity with potentially reduced systemic toxicity, making them a promising option in the neoadjuvant treatment of early breast cancer. This review examines the evolving role of ADCs in early breast cancer, highlighting emerging clinical trial data, innovative trial designs, and the integration of biomarkers, all aimed at optimizing patient outcomes and personalizing neoadjuvant strategies across different breast cancer subtypes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9537,"journal":{"name":"Cancer treatment reviews","volume":"144 ","pages":"Article 103096"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146135748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Proton therapy in breast cancer: bridging medical and radiation oncology","authors":"Daniela Alterio ,&nbsp;Samantha Dicuonzo ,&nbsp;Mattia Zaffaroni ,&nbsp;Maria Giulia Vincini ,&nbsp;Paola Zagami ,&nbsp;Carmen Criscitiello ,&nbsp;Francesca Braga ,&nbsp;Ekaterina Milovanova ,&nbsp;Maria Cristina Leonardi ,&nbsp;Paolo Veronesi ,&nbsp;Anna M. Kirby ,&nbsp;Roberto Orecchia ,&nbsp;Giuseppe Curigliano ,&nbsp;Barbara Alicja Jereczek-Fossa","doi":"10.1016/j.ctrv.2026.103107","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ctrv.2026.103107","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Breast cancer remains the most common malignancy among women globally, and postoperative radiotherapy (PORT) is essential for improving local control and overall survival. Proton therapy (PT) is emerging as an alternative to conventional radiotherapy due to its ability to reduce dose exposure to healthy tissues. It could be of particular use in patients requiring radiotherapy to the internal mammary chain, a population that is likely to also be undergoing systemic therapy as part of their breast cancer treatment. This review evaluates current preclinical and clinical data on the integration of PT with systemic treatments in the setting of breast cancer, highlighting its potential role to improve therapeutic outcomes while reducing toxicity. The findings of this review highlight PT’s potential to minimize side effects, particularly cardiotoxicity and potentially to enhance the efficacy of systemic treatments such as immunotherapy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9537,"journal":{"name":"Cancer treatment reviews","volume":"144 ","pages":"Article 103107"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146196194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Circulating tumor DNA in breast cancer: From technological foundation to clinical implementation","authors":"Xinyi Lin ,&nbsp;Baiying Liu ,&nbsp;Jing Wu ,&nbsp;Lina Shi ,&nbsp;Yanyan Zhang ,&nbsp;Qiaoyu Yang ,&nbsp;Haiyun Tang ,&nbsp;Shaoting Xu ,&nbsp;Yuxuan Gao ,&nbsp;Jihong Cui ,&nbsp;Yunjian Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.ctrv.2026.103108","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ctrv.2026.103108","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA)-based liquid-biopsy has emerged as a transformative tool in breast cancer management, offering non-invasive, real-time insights across the clinical continuum. By capturing tumor-specific genetic and epigenetic alterations-such as mutations, copy number variations, and methylation patterns-ctDNA enables applications in early screening, evaluation of treatment response, minimal residual disease monitoring, and tracking of resistance mechanisms. Technological advances in PCR-based methods, next-generation sequencing, and biosensor-based profiling have significantly enhanced detection sensitivity and specificity, supporting personalized therapeutic guidance and dynamic adaptation of treatment strategies. However, clinical implementation faces challenges related to assay standardization, variable detection sensitivity, high costs, and limited large-scale prospective validation. Future efforts should focus on technological refinement, multi-omics integration, and evidence generation through large-scale multicenter clinical trials to position ctDNA as a cornerstone of precision oncology in breast cancer.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9537,"journal":{"name":"Cancer treatment reviews","volume":"144 ","pages":"Article 103108"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146215468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neoadjuvant therapy and translational biomarkers for metastatic risk in early breast cancer","authors":"Anna McCracken ,&nbsp;Olivia R. Grafinger ,&nbsp;Hon S. Leong ,&nbsp;Ana Elisa Lohmann ,&nbsp;Katarzyna J. Jerzak ,&nbsp;Sunit Das","doi":"10.1016/j.ctrv.2026.103111","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ctrv.2026.103111","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Distant recurrence remains a significant cause of mortality in patients with breast cancer (BC). While metastasis was once considered a late event, current evidence suggests that metastatic seeding occurs early. There is thus significant interest in neoadjuvant therapy (NAT) as a window of opportunity to decrease metastatic risk.</div><div>While NAT has classically consisted of chemotherapy, targeted therapies, such as human epidermal growth factor 2 (HER2)-targeted therapies and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), are now offered to patients with HER2-positive and triple-negative (TN) BC, respectively. As therapies evolve, there is a growing need to identify reliable biomarkers to predict NAT response and monitor microscopic disease post-NAT.</div><div>This review explores the interplay between metastasis biomarkers and NAT for HER2-positive and TNBC. Circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA), circulating tumour cells (CTCs), disseminated cancer cells (DCCs), and tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) provide longitudinal insights into residual disease, immune dynamics, and genomic alterations. This review critically examines the established and emerging prognostic, predictive, and response-adaptive roles of these biomarkers in the neoadjuvant setting and beyond.</div><div>Clinical adoption of novel biomarker approaches has been challenging due to reliance on tissue biopsy during an already challenging treatment journey. However, liquid biopsy approaches like CTC and ctDNA analyses provide minimally invasive means of monitoring metastatic risk. Technological advancements, such as methylome sequencing and variant-based ctDNA detection, offer promise for improved sensitivity and validity. While further trials are required to establish their clinical utility, integrating these biomarker-informed assays may inform precise metastasis risk assessment and improve patient outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9537,"journal":{"name":"Cancer treatment reviews","volume":"144 ","pages":"Article 103111"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147286700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Erratum to “Impact of brain metastases on systemic renal cell carcinoma treatment outcomes: A systematic literature review”. [Cancer Treat. Rev. 140 (2025) 103024]","authors":"Natalie Charnley ,&nbsp;Kate Fife ,&nbsp;Daniel Y.C. Heng ,&nbsp;James Larkin ,&nbsp;John McGrane ,&nbsp;Sylvie Négrier ,&nbsp;Naveen Vasudev ,&nbsp;Balaji Venugopal ,&nbsp;Alison Chisholm ,&nbsp;Alessia Ogareva ,&nbsp;Áine Prendergast ,&nbsp;Laurence Albiges","doi":"10.1016/j.ctrv.2026.103098","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ctrv.2026.103098","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9537,"journal":{"name":"Cancer treatment reviews","volume":"144 ","pages":"Article 103098"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147358028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to “First versus second-generation molecular profiling tests: How both can guide decision-making in early-stage hormone-receptor positive breast cancers?” [Cancer Treat. Rev. 135 (2025) 102909]","authors":"Flora Nguyen Van Long ,&nbsp;Brigitte Poirier ,&nbsp;Christine Desbiens ,&nbsp;Marjorie Perron ,&nbsp;Claudie Paquet ,&nbsp;Cathie Ouellet ,&nbsp;Caroline Diorio ,&nbsp;Julie Lemieux ,&nbsp;Hermann Nabi","doi":"10.1016/j.ctrv.2026.103088","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ctrv.2026.103088","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9537,"journal":{"name":"Cancer treatment reviews","volume":"143 ","pages":"Article 103088"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146151342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insights into RAS-driven melanoma and its therapeutic implications","authors":"Eftychia Chatziioannou ,&nbsp;Konstantinos Lallas ,&nbsp;Tobias Sinnberg ,&nbsp;Heike Niessner ,&nbsp;Alexander J. Stratigos ,&nbsp;Lukas Flatz ,&nbsp;Teresa Amaral","doi":"10.1016/j.ctrv.2026.103090","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ctrv.2026.103090","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>NRAS</em> mutations are present in 15–25 % of cutaneous melanomas, predominantly affecting codon 61 (Q61R &gt; Q61K). Mutations at codons 12 and 13 are rare although they appear to be relatively enriched in mucosal subtype. <em>KRAS</em> alterations, while rare in cutaneous melanomas, are more frequently observed in melanoma brain metastases as well as in acral and mucosal subtypes, where <em>NRAS</em> mutations are less prevalent. For advanced <em>RAS</em>-mutant melanoma, systemic therapy currently relies on anti-PD-1-based immune checkpoint inhibition. MEK inhibitors have demonstrated only modest clinical benefit due to the development of resistance and are not approved outside of China for this subtype. Ongoing combination strategies include MEK inhibition with type II RAF inhibitors (naporafenib plus trametinib in phase III trial), ERK1/2 or ERK5 inhibitors, PI3K/mTOR pathway blockade, or CDK4/6 inhibition. Additional investigational approaches include mutation-specific RAS inhibitors (G12C inhibitors already approved for other cancers), NRAS-specific or pan-RAS inhibitors (daraxonrasib in phase III trial for other cancers), targeted protein degradation, RAS-directed peptide and mRNA vaccines (mRNA-4157). <em>NRAS</em> Q61K-derived neoepitopes bound to HLA-A*01:01 have been recognized as immunogenic, suggesting that mutation-specific immunotherapies could represent a promising future strategy. In conclusion, the advent of promising and emerging therapies is set to transform the management of RAS-driven melanoma, making a personalized, biomarker-informed treatment strategy essential for optimizing patient outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9537,"journal":{"name":"Cancer treatment reviews","volume":"143 ","pages":"Article 103090"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146023376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Harnessing epigenetics: Genome-wide DNA methylation assay for colorectal cancer therapy","authors":"Chikashi Ishioka","doi":"10.1016/j.ctrv.2025.103062","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ctrv.2025.103062","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Despite dramatic advances in cancer genomic medicine over the past decade, the complex and diverse nature of cancer makes it difficult to identify biomarkers for predicting treatment and prognosis in personalized medicine. The epigenome is a universal system that regulates genomic information and its expression and is involved in the development and progression of cancer. DNA methylation is a key epigenetic modification in cancer, leading to the inactivation of tumor suppressors and the activation of oncogenes through aberrant gene expression patterns. Therefore, epigenomic information may contain robust cancer biomarkers, suggesting that the development of epigenetic diagnostics will enable accurate disease stratification, prediction of treatment response and prognosis. However, in managing advanced colorectal cancer, as in other cancers, gene mutations and the expression of their products, but not epigenomic information, have been used to guide treatment or predict prognosis. This review explores the significance of DNA methylation in advanced colorectal cancer, focusing on its role in carcinogenesis and as a biomarker for predicting the efficacy of anti-EGFR antibody and prognosis. It also reviews the clinical application of recently developed genome-wide DNA methylation diagnostics and predicts the future of epigenomic diagnostics in cancer treatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9537,"journal":{"name":"Cancer treatment reviews","volume":"143 ","pages":"Article 103062"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145973595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Personalized cancer vaccines and their integration with standard of care modalities","authors":"Tiia Snäkä ,&nbsp;Alex Friedlaender ,&nbsp;Michele Graciotti ,&nbsp;Miriam Hernandez ,&nbsp;Laetitia Rossier ,&nbsp;Volker Kirchner ,&nbsp;Lana Kandalaft","doi":"10.1016/j.ctrv.2026.103095","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ctrv.2026.103095","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cancer vaccines have matured significantly with advances in antigen discovery, delivery platforms, and personalized design driven by breakthroughs in genomics and artificial intelligence − yet they remain underutilized in clinical oncology. A growing body of evidence now demonstrates that the key to unlocking their full potential lies not in using them in isolation, but in strategically combining them with other treatment modalities. Vaccines exert their greatest efficacy when administered during defined immunologic windows—periods in which the patient’s immune system is most amenable to activation and durable antigen-specific priming. Crucially, combination with standard-of-care (SOC) therapies such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and immune checkpoint inhibitors can generate synergistic effects that reshape the tumor–immune interface. Cytotoxic and targeted agents can enhance antigen release, modulate the tumor microenvironment, and promote immune infiltration, thereby creating a more permissive milieu for vaccine-induced responses. In reciprocity, vaccination can potentiate the efficacy of SOC regimens by amplifying tumor-specific immunity, counteracting resistance mechanisms, and sustaining immune surveillance. Thus, the emerging paradigm positions cancer vaccines not as standalone interventions, but as integral components of a multimodal therapeutic architecture. Strategic co-deployment of vaccines within SOC frameworks represents a scientifically grounded and clinically actionable approach to achieving durable tumor control and long-term remission in patients with solid malignancies. This review delineates the mechanistic rationale and clinical evidence supporting such integration across the continuum of disease stages.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9537,"journal":{"name":"Cancer treatment reviews","volume":"143 ","pages":"Article 103095"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146023378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Targeted therapies in optic pathway gliomas","authors":"Edoardo Agosti ,&nbsp;Pier Paolo Panciani ,&nbsp;Giuseppe Lombardi ,&nbsp;Matthias Preusser ,&nbsp;Giorgia De Rosa ,&nbsp;Karen Mapelli ,&nbsp;Amedeo Piazza ,&nbsp;Daniele Tognetto ,&nbsp;Caterina Gagliano ,&nbsp;Luca Denaro ,&nbsp;Marta Padovan ,&nbsp;Marco Maria Fontanella ,&nbsp;Marco Zeppieri ,&nbsp;Tamara Ius","doi":"10.1016/j.ctrv.2025.103073","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ctrv.2025.103073","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Aim</h3><div>This study provides a systematic synthesis of current evidence on targeted therapies for optic pathway gliomas (OPGs), emphasizing their molecular rationale, clinical effectiveness, safety profiles, relevance in both Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) −associated and sporadic cases.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A systematic literature review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines using PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases up to April 2025. Eligible studies focused on systemic targeted therapies for OPGs, evaluating efficacy, molecular targets, and adverse events. Both preclinical and clinical data were included, with study quality assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Of 414 records screened, 13 studies (11 clinical and 2 preclinical) met inclusion criteria. Targeted agents included MEK inhibitors, mTOR inhibitors, anti-VEGF agents, and BRAF inhibitors. MEK inhibitors showed promising progression-free survival outcomes, particularly in NF1-associated OPGs, while anti-VEGF therapies rapidly improved visual symptoms in select cases.</div><div>MEK inhibitors showed the most consistent progression-free survival benefits, particularly in NF1-associated OPGs, with selumetinib emerging as the leading agent with favorable efficacy and safety profiles. These findings support the growing role of biomarker-driven targeted strategies while underscoring unresolved challenges related to long-term safety and optimal treatment duration.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Targeted therapies constitute a potentially paradigm-shifting development in the management of OPGs, enhancing disease control while improving the prospects for long-term visual preservation. This review underscores the need for individualized, biomarker-driven approaches and highlights challenges including resistance, long-term safety, and therapy duration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9537,"journal":{"name":"Cancer treatment reviews","volume":"143 ","pages":"Article 103073"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145882444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}