Eugenia Cella , Alberto Bosio , Pasquale Persico , Mario Caccese , Marta Padovan , Agnese Losurdo , Marta Maccari , Giulia Cerretti , Tamara Ius , Giuseppe Minniti , Ahmed Idbaih , Nader Sanai , Michael Weller , Matthias Preusser , Matteo Simonelli , Giuseppe Lombardi
{"title":"PARP inhibitors in gliomas: Mechanisms of action, current trends and future perspectives","authors":"Eugenia Cella , Alberto Bosio , Pasquale Persico , Mario Caccese , Marta Padovan , Agnese Losurdo , Marta Maccari , Giulia Cerretti , Tamara Ius , Giuseppe Minniti , Ahmed Idbaih , Nader Sanai , Michael Weller , Matthias Preusser , Matteo Simonelli , Giuseppe Lombardi","doi":"10.1016/j.ctrv.2024.102850","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ctrv.2024.102850","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Gliomas are the most common primary malignant brain tumours in adults. Despite decades of research into novel therapeutic approaches, the prognosis remains poor. PARP1-2 are critical for DNA repair, cell survival and genomic stability and PARP inhibition (PARPi) may be a promising therapeutic approach for gliomas. Inhibition of PARP activity leads to homologous recombination deficiency (HRD), which, in combination with DNA damage, results in cell death. This review summarises the current knowledge and future perspectives of PARPi in glioma. The available literature was reviewed using PubMed, recent major international oncology congresses were consulted, and ongoing clinical trials were searched using <span><span>ClinicalTrials.gov</span><svg><path></path></svg></span>.</div><div>In translational research, PARPi have demonstrated a strong scientific rationale for their use in the treatment of glioma. They have been evaluated both alone and in combination with radiotherapy, temozolomide, anti-angiogenic agents, immunotherapy and other new drugs in newly diagnosed or recurrent glioma. Most studies were open-label, non-randomised, dose-escalation phase I-II trials. Early results show promising anti-tumour activity, and key challenges include identifying predictive biomarkers, elucidating synergistic effects in combination therapies, addressing the development of resistance, and managing hematological toxicity.</div><div>In conclusion, early phase studies have shown promising anti-tumour activity of PARPi that should be confirmed in larger prospective and randomised trials. In addition, the development of novel PARPi with improved blood brain barrier (BBB) penetration and PARP inhibitor activity with new synergistic treatment combinations seems promising and needs to be further explored.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9537,"journal":{"name":"Cancer treatment reviews","volume":"131 ","pages":"Article 102850"},"PeriodicalIF":9.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142634548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Optimizing outcomes and personalizing care with targeted agents in advanced cholangiocarcinoma","authors":"Umair Mahmood , Ahmed Abbass , Khurum Khan","doi":"10.1016/j.ctrv.2024.102851","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ctrv.2024.102851","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Traditional chemotherapy and immunotherapy-based systemic treatments for locally advanced or metastatic cholangiocarcinoma have been associated with poor clinical outcomes driven partly by molecular heterogeneity promoting early treatment resistance and a higher toxicity profile associated with these regimens. Few patients are eligible for upfront surgical resection and clinical studies have been traditionally difficult to conduct due to the orphan nature of this disease. However, increasing use of genomic profiling in clinical practice have led to active investigations of aberrant albeit promising mechanistic therapeutic targets such as <em>IDH-1, FGFRs, BRAF<sup>V600E</sup>, HER-2</em> and <em>NTRK</em>.</div><div>This review article aims to highlight the complex genomic landscape of this difficult-to-treat disease, followed by a discussion of evidence-based biological mechanisms that can be actioned using targeted agents. We explore the clinical rationale behind a targeted therapeutic strategy, the role of liquid biopsies in guiding clinical decisions and future treatment pathways for cholangiocarcinoma management. We also discuss the challenges and opportunities originating from recent clinical trials evaluating targeted treatments and our own institutional experience at UCLH that have aimed to address some of these biological complexities and have translated into improved patient outcomes via effective molecularly driven patient selection strategies. We also provide perspectives on emerging novel, next generation targeted inhibitors overcoming treatment resistance to previous targeted agents with demonstrated clinical value in a challenging patient population.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9537,"journal":{"name":"Cancer treatment reviews","volume":"131 ","pages":"Article 102851"},"PeriodicalIF":9.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142607699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J.C. Janssen , B. van Dijk , L.L. Hoeijmakers , D.J. Grünhagen , W.M. Bramer , C. Verhoef , T.D. de Gruijl , C.U. Blank , A.A.M. van der Veldt
{"title":"Local administration of immunotherapy for patients with skin cancer: A systematic review","authors":"J.C. Janssen , B. van Dijk , L.L. Hoeijmakers , D.J. Grünhagen , W.M. Bramer , C. Verhoef , T.D. de Gruijl , C.U. Blank , A.A.M. van der Veldt","doi":"10.1016/j.ctrv.2024.102848","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ctrv.2024.102848","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Since the introduction of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) targeting PD-1 and CTLA-4 receptors, survival has improved significantly for patients with irresectable and metastatic skin cancer, including cutaneous squamous cell cancer and melanoma. However, systemic administration of these drugs is associated with immune related adverse events (irAEs), which can be severe, irreversible and even fatal. To reduce the risk of irAEs associated with systemic exposure to immunotherapeutic drugs, local administration of low doses could be considered. This systematic review provides an overview of early phase clinical trials with drugs that are currently under investigation for intratumoral administration in patients with melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9537,"journal":{"name":"Cancer treatment reviews","volume":"131 ","pages":"Article 102848"},"PeriodicalIF":9.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142561129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
B. Smith , J. Church-Martin , H. Abed , E. Lloyd , J.T. Hardwicke
{"title":"False Positive Rate from Prospective Studies of PET-CT in Cutaneous Malignant Melanoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","authors":"B. Smith , J. Church-Martin , H. Abed , E. Lloyd , J.T. Hardwicke","doi":"10.1016/j.ctrv.2024.102849","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ctrv.2024.102849","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM) is increasing in prevalence and possesses the highest mortality rate of any skin cancer. Positron Emission Tomography and Computed Tomography (PET-CT) may be utilised in either radiological staging or surveillance, primarily in stage III-IV disease. False positive (FP) results lead to patient distress, increased costs, and unnecessary follow-up. The FP rate in CMM literature varies widely, altering calculations of positive predictive value and has not undergone pooled meta-analytic.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and Methods</h3><div>A systematic review and meta-analysis of FP results in prospective studies of PET-CT in CMM was performed in accordance with PRISMA guidelines.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The systematic review produced 14 trials for inclusion. Patient-based reporting had the lowest pooled proportion of FP results with 5.8 % (95 % CI = 3.3 % to 8.8 %), lesion-based was highest with 9.1 % (95 % CI = 3.4 % to 17.2 %) and combined was 6.1 % (95 % CI = 4.3 % to 8.1 %). Bias was low to unclear other than for FP reporting. Heterogeneity (I2) was variable across all analyses. FP findings were mainly lymphatic, dermatological, respiratory, or skeletal. Diagnostic information was not provided.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This study was the first attempt to quantify the pooled proportion of FP results from PET-CT in CMM. A small number of studies (n = 14) were available due to the predominance of retrospective methodology. Due to inconsistent reporting the true proportion of FP results is unclear. Systemic distribution was expected but limited diagnostic information was provided. Repeat meta-analysis using retrospective work should be performed. Future work should be prospective with clearly documented FP proportion, distribution, diagnosis, and follow-up.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9537,"journal":{"name":"Cancer treatment reviews","volume":"131 ","pages":"Article 102849"},"PeriodicalIF":9.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142634536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. Schettini , F. Gattazzo , S. Nucera , E. Rubio Garcia , R. López-Aladid , L. Morelli , A. Fontana , P. Vigneri , C. Casals-Pascual , V. Iebba , D. Generali
{"title":"Corrigendum to “Navigating the complex relationship between human gut microbiota and breast cancer: Physiopathological, prognostic and therapeutic implications” [Cancer Treat. Rev. 130 (2024) 102816]","authors":"F. Schettini , F. Gattazzo , S. Nucera , E. Rubio Garcia , R. López-Aladid , L. Morelli , A. Fontana , P. Vigneri , C. Casals-Pascual , V. Iebba , D. Generali","doi":"10.1016/j.ctrv.2024.102844","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ctrv.2024.102844","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9537,"journal":{"name":"Cancer treatment reviews","volume":"131 ","pages":"Article 102844"},"PeriodicalIF":9.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142483074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Candace L. Haddox , Jason L. Hornick , Christina L. Roland , Elizabeth H. Baldini , Vicki L. Keedy , Richard F. Riedel
{"title":"Diagnosis and management of dedifferentiated liposarcoma: A multidisciplinary position statement","authors":"Candace L. Haddox , Jason L. Hornick , Christina L. Roland , Elizabeth H. Baldini , Vicki L. Keedy , Richard F. Riedel","doi":"10.1016/j.ctrv.2024.102846","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ctrv.2024.102846","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Dedifferentiated liposarcoma (DDLPS) is a malignant mesenchymal neoplasm in desperate need of novel therapeutic approaches. Often occurring in conjunction with well-differentiated liposarcoma (WDLPS), DDLPS can behave more aggressively and exhibits a significant risk for developing recurrence or metastatic disease when compared to its well-differentiated counterpart. A multidisciplinary approach is critically important, particularly for patients with localized disease, as disease presentations are often complex, and the management of patients has become increasingly nuanced as treatment approaches have become more refined. Expert pathology review and appropriate application of diagnostic molecular techniques are key components of DDLPS diagnosis and also reflect an improved understanding of the underlying pathogenesis of the disease. Systemic therapies remain limited for DDLPS, but novel therapies targeting important underlying molecular drivers have resulted in ongoing clinical trials aiming to improve outcomes for patients with advanced disease. In recognition of the increased activity and interest within the DDLPS field, a multidisciplinary group of nationally recognized experts in medical oncology, surgical oncology, radiation oncology, and pathology was convened to summarize key insights. This position paper highlights important points from the meeting and provides evidence-based recommendations for practicing clinicians.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9537,"journal":{"name":"Cancer treatment reviews","volume":"131 ","pages":"Article 102846"},"PeriodicalIF":9.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142514604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Guillermo Villacampa , Pablo Cresta Morgado , Lorenzo Carità , Victor Navarro , Tomas Pascual , Rodrigo Dienstmann
{"title":"Safety and efficacy of antibody-drug conjugates plus immunotherapy in solid tumours: A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Guillermo Villacampa , Pablo Cresta Morgado , Lorenzo Carità , Victor Navarro , Tomas Pascual , Rodrigo Dienstmann","doi":"10.1016/j.ctrv.2024.102847","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ctrv.2024.102847","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Combining antibody-drug conjugate (ADCs) with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) is emerging as a promising treatment option to increase efficacy outcomes. However, concerns arise regarding the safety of these combinations, as some toxicities may overlap. Currently, there is still limited information about the safety profiles of this strategy.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to identify clinical trials investigating FDA-approved ADCs in combination with ICI drugs in the metastatic setting across all solid tumors. The primary endpoint of this study was the percentage of adverse events (AEs) of any grade and grade <span><math><mo>≥</mo></math></span> 3. Secondary endpoints include the percentage of patients with AEs leading to death, treatment discontinuation, proportion of complete responses (CR) and overall response rate (ORR). A parallel search was conducted to quantify the safety profile of ADCs and ICIs in monotherapy. Random effects models were used to estimate pooled outcomes.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Sixteen trials involving 1,133 patients treated with ADC plus ICI met the inclusion criteria with six different ADCs evaluated. Overall, 55.3 % of patients developed grade ≥ 3 AEs, 30.0 % of patients had treatment discontinuation, and 3.0 % experienced AEs leading to death. When compared to trials evaluating ADC or ICI as monotherapy, the combination results in similar rates of the most common AEs. However, it increases the risk of specific toxicities, such as ILD/pneumonitis (15.0 % with T-DXd plus ICI vs. 11.5 % with T-DXd alone). The pooled ORR was 48.8 % (95 %CI 39.4 % – 58.4 %) and the CR rate was 9.0 % (95 %CI 5.5 – 14.5). PD-L1-positive tumors showed numerically better efficacy outcomes.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This meta-analysis shows that the safety profile of the ADC plus ICI is comparable to that of ADC monotherapy. However, it increases the risk of certain toxicities of special interest, such as ILD/pneumonitis, highlighting the need for careful monitoring.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9537,"journal":{"name":"Cancer treatment reviews","volume":"131 ","pages":"Article 102847"},"PeriodicalIF":9.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142514607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Claudia Parisi , Pamela Abdayem , Marco Tagliamento , Benjamin Besse , David Planchard , Jordi Remon , Gabriele Minuti , Federico Cappuzzo , Fabrice Barlesi
{"title":"Neoadjuvant immunotherapy strategies for resectable non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC): Current evidence among special populations and future perspectives","authors":"Claudia Parisi , Pamela Abdayem , Marco Tagliamento , Benjamin Besse , David Planchard , Jordi Remon , Gabriele Minuti , Federico Cappuzzo , Fabrice Barlesi","doi":"10.1016/j.ctrv.2024.102845","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ctrv.2024.102845","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>About one third of patients with Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) presents at diagnosis with localized or locally advanced disease amenable to curative surgical resection. Surgical operability refers to stage I to IIIA and selected stage IIIB NSCLC. One of the main challenges in the management of early-stage resectable NSCLC is the optimization of available therapeutic strategies to prevent local and distant disease relapse, thus improving survival outcomes. There is evidence supporting the clinical use of both adjuvant and neoadjuvant immunotherapy-based strategies for resected/resectable, stage IB-IIIA NSCLC. Available data from randomized phase III trials have led to the incorporation of several immune checkpoint blockers (ICBs) into the international guidelines for early-stage NSCLC. Preclinical rationale of targeting specific subsets of T-cells by acting early on immune checkpoint receptors (e.g., PD-(L)1 and CTLA-4) is strong. Recent evidence is in favor of the neoadjuvant approach alone or as a part of perioperative strategy, demonstrating survival benefit. Combining neoadjuvant chemotherapy and immunotherapy before surgery results in both pathologic complete response (pCR) and major pathologic response (MPR) improvement, and survival outcomes, with no major safety issues. In this review, we summarize the rationale behind neoadjuvant/perioperative immunotherapy strategies and, due to the clinical relevance of immunotherapy in resectable NSCLC, we provide current evidence of this cutting-edge approach among special populations including older adults, women, and oncogene addicted NSCLC. To conclude, we present future perspectives in the use of immunotherapy for operable NSCLC with a special focus on novel investigational combinations underway.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9537,"journal":{"name":"Cancer treatment reviews","volume":"131 ","pages":"Article 102845"},"PeriodicalIF":9.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142514606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Simone Ielpo , Francesca Barberini , Farnaz Dabbagh Moghaddam , Silvia Pesce , Chiara Cencioni , Francesco Spallotta , Adele De Ninno , Luca Businaro , Emanuela Marcenaro , Roberto Bei , Loredana Cifaldi , Giovanni Barillari , Ombretta Melaiu
{"title":"Crosstalk and communication of cancer-associated fibroblasts with natural killer and dendritic cells: New frontiers and unveiled opportunities for cancer immunotherapy","authors":"Simone Ielpo , Francesca Barberini , Farnaz Dabbagh Moghaddam , Silvia Pesce , Chiara Cencioni , Francesco Spallotta , Adele De Ninno , Luca Businaro , Emanuela Marcenaro , Roberto Bei , Loredana Cifaldi , Giovanni Barillari , Ombretta Melaiu","doi":"10.1016/j.ctrv.2024.102843","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ctrv.2024.102843","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Natural killer (NK) cells and dendritic cells (DCs) are critical mediators of anti-cancer immune responses. In addition to their individual roles, NK cells and DCs are involved in intercellular crosstalk which is essential for the initiation and coordination of adaptive immunity against cancer. However, NK cell and DC activity is often compromised in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Recently, much attention has been paid to one of the major components of the TME, the cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), which not only contribute to extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition and tumor progression but also suppress immune cell functions. It is now well established that CAFs support T cell exclusion from tumor nests and regulate their cytotoxic activity. In contrast, little is currently known about their interaction with NK cells, and DCs. In this review, we describe the interaction of CAFs with NK cells and DCs, by secreting and expressing various mediators in the TME of adult solid tumors. We also provide a detailed overview of ongoing clinical studies evaluating the targeting of stromal factors alone or in combination with immunotherapy based on immune checkpoint inhibitors. Finally, we discuss currently available strategies for the selective depletion of detrimental CAFs and for a better understanding of their interaction with NK cells and DCs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9537,"journal":{"name":"Cancer treatment reviews","volume":"131 ","pages":"Article 102843"},"PeriodicalIF":9.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142514603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Miaoying Cai , Yifu Wang , Huangrong Ma , Li Yang , Zhiyuan Xu
{"title":"Advances and challenges in immunotherapy for locally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma","authors":"Miaoying Cai , Yifu Wang , Huangrong Ma , Li Yang , Zhiyuan Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.ctrv.2024.102840","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ctrv.2024.102840","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a prevalent malignant tumor of the head and neck, with approximately 70 % of patients being diagnosed at a locally advanced stage. Despite the responsiveness to radiotherapy and chemotherapy, the 5-year survival rate of locally advanced NPC (LANPC) remains at approximately 80 %. Hence, there is an urgent need for novel treatment strategies to improve the prognosis of patients with LANPC. Numerous studies have illustrated the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in recurrent/metastatic NPC. Hence, the potential of immunotherapy for LANPC is under investigation. Using the Web of Clinical Trials, we identified 84 relevant trials exploring immunotherapy for NPC, encompassing 17 trials focusing on ICIs for LANPC. Preliminary findings from several trials suggest that adding ICIs into the primary treatment for LANPC significantly enhances the objective response rate and progression-free survival, with manageable safety profiles. However, the type, dosage, and timing of integration (induction phase, concurrent phase, and adjuvant phase) of ICIs into standard primary treatment of LANPC varies among these trials and further researches are warranted. This review provides an overview of immunotherapy principles in NPC, discusses recent advances and challenges associated with ICIs in the primary treatment for LANPC derived from published and ongoing clinical trials, and outlines the current landscape of other immunotherapies in LANPC, such as adoptive cell therapy, immunomodulatory agents, and tumor vaccines in LANPC. These insights aim to inform clinical practice and guide future researches.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9537,"journal":{"name":"Cancer treatment reviews","volume":"131 ","pages":"Article 102840"},"PeriodicalIF":9.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142483073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}