Canadian Journal of Public Health最新文献

{"title":"Health and Social Services Accessed by a Cohort of Canadian Illicit Opioid Users Outside of Treatment","authors":"L. Noël, B. Fischer, Mark W. Tyndall, Richard Bradet, J. Rehm, S. Brissette, S. Brochu, J. Bruneau, N. el-Guebaly, T. Cameron Wild","doi":"10.17269/CJPH.97.722","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17269/CJPH.97.722","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To examine the use of social and health services by illicit opioid users outside of treatment in five Canadian cities (‘OPICAN’ cohort).Methods: 677 eligible participants completed an interviewer-administered protocol and 584 supplied saliva samples for HIV and HCV antibody-testing. Chi-squared tests and multivariate analyses of variance (MANOVA) were carried out in order to determine the associations between use of services and specific factors. The explanatory variables of service utilization were determined with multiple regression analysis.Results: The average age of respondents was 35 years, 66% were male and 68% were Caucasian. Women and HIV-positive individuals were more likely to receive health care. Participants who had a history of injection drug use, but had not injected within the previous 30 days, visited doctors more regularly and had a higher uptake of community-based services. Those who reported mental health problems used services less frequently than others. Participants recruited in Vancouver had more visits to needle exchange programs and centres specifically for women. Toronto participants were more likely to use homeless shelters and had a higher uptake of other types of community-based services.Conclusion: Our study found a high rate of physical and mental health problems in illicit untreated opioid users in Canada, including the transmission of infectious disease. The availability of services seems to be a predictor of use of services. Setting up, adapting and evaluating front-line services tailored to illicit opioid users outside of treatment should be a policy and program priority.RésuméObjectif: Étudier l’utilisation des services sociaux et de santé par des consommateurs d’opiacés illicites ne suivant pas un traitement dans cinq villes canadiennes (cohorte OPICAN).Méthode: Les 677 participants admissibles ont répondu à un questionnaire administré par un intervieweur, et 584 ont fourni un échantillon de salive pour le sérodiagnostic du VIH et du VHC. Des analyses du khi-carré et des analyses de variance à plusieurs variables ont été réalisées pour déterminer les liens entre l’utilisation des services et les différents indicateurs. Les variables explicatives de l’utilisation des services ont été déterminées au moyen d’analyses de régression multiple.Résultats: L’âge moyen des répondants était de 35 ans, 66 % étaient des hommes, et 68 % étaient de race blanche. Les femmes et les personnes séropositives pour le VIH étaient plus susceptibles de recevoir des soins. Les utilisateurs et utilisatrices de drogues injectables qui ne s’étaient pas injectés au cours des 30 jours précédents consultaient plus régulièrement leur médecin et faisaient plus souvent appel aux services communautaires. Ceux qui déclaraient avoir un problème de santé mentale utilisaient les services moins régulièrement. Les participants recrutés à Vancouver avaient plus souvent fait appel à des programmes d’échange de seringues et à des centres pou","PeriodicalId":9525,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Public Health","volume":"46 1","pages":"166-170"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76876864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The BIAS FREE Framework","authors":"M. Eichler, Mary A. Burke","doi":"10.17269/CJPH.97.761","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17269/CJPH.97.761","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To test the applicability of the BIAS FREE Framework in African settings.Participants: Researchers from the Tanzanian National Institute for Medical Research, university and community-based researchers from Tanzania, the Gambia and South Africa.Setting: National Institute for Medical Research, Dar es Salaam - Tanzania.Intervention: An intensive two-day workshop to examine the applicability of the BIAS FREE Framework within an African setting. This involved clarification of the following concepts: construction of knowledge, objectivity, logic of domination, hierarchy, power, sex and gender, disability, and race/ethnicity. The Framework identifies three types of bias problems that derive from social hierarchies based on gender, race and disability: maintaining hierarchy, failing to examine differences, and using double standards. Participants used the 20 diagnostic questions at the heart of the Framework to analyze various research publications, including some authored by participants.Outcomes: Participants uniformly stated that the Framework is useful for uncovering bias in public health research, policy and programs; that it is immediately applicable in their work settings; and that doing so would improve equity in research and, ultimately, in health. One participant re-analyzed published data using the Framework and submitted a supplementary report with some new recommendations.Implications: The applicability of the BIAS FREE Framework has been demonstrated in diverse settings. It is now being offered for broader application as a tool for uncovering and eliminating biases in health research that derive from social hierarchies and for addressing the persistence of global health inequities.RésuméObjectif: Tester les possibilités d’application d’un cadre d’impartialité (le BIAS FREE Framework) dans le contexte africain.Participants: Chercheuses et chercheurs de l’Institut national tanzanien pour la recherche médicale et des milieux universitaires et communautaires de la Tanzanie, de la Gambie et de l’Afrique du Sud.Lieu: L’Institut national pour la recherche médicale de Dar es-Salaam, en Tanzanie.Intervention: Un atelier intensif de deux jours pour examiner les possibilités d’application du cadre BIAS FREE dans le contexte africain. Il s’agissait de clarifier les notions de construction des savoirs, d’objectivité, de logique de domination, de hiérarchie, de pouvoir, de sexe et de sexospécificités, d’in/capacité, de race et d’appartenance ethnique. Le Cadre définit trois types de biais découlant des hiérarchies sociales fondées sur les sexospécificités, la race et l’in/capacité, soit: le maintien de la hiérarchie, le non-examen des différences et l’emploi de deux poids deux mesures. Les participantes et les participants ont utilisé les 20 grandes questions diagnostiques du Cadre pour analyser divers articles de recherche (dont ils étaient même parfois les auteurs).Résultats: Les personnes présentes ont uniformément déclaré que le Cadre ét","PeriodicalId":9525,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Public Health","volume":"49 1","pages":"63-68"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82077224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sporadic Infections of Salmonella Paratyphi B, var. Java Associated with Fish Tanks","authors":"C. Gaulin, C. Vincent, J. Ismaïl","doi":"10.17269/CJPH.96.654","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17269/CJPH.96.654","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Identify a source of contamination to explain the increase in the number of cases of S. Paratyphi B var. Java infection.Method: A descriptive study was conducted to gather more information about cases and potential risk factors for infection. Between January 2000 and June 2003, we identified and interviewed by questionnaire 53 people with S. Paratyphi B infection. Due to the suspected link with fish tanks, an environmental investigation was conducted for each case at patients’ homes as well as at pet stores and wholesalers. Various samples were taken from fish tanks. The fish were purchased at different pet shops. The pulsed field gel electrophoresis method was used to compare the human and aquarium strains.Results: Of those infected, 60% had bought or had contact with an aquarium or tropical fishes before becoming ill. More than 50% of the samples taken from fish tanks in homes, pet shops, and wholesaler operations contained a number of serotypes of Salmonella in addition to Salmonella Paratyphi B var. Java. There were similarities between the PFGE patterns of human strains and aquarium samples.Discussion: Contact with fish tanks could be a risk factor for developing a Salmonella infection and the public may be unaware of this risk. It was recommended that information be produced and distributed to pet shops and their customers to inform them of safety precautions in order to reduce the risk of contamination from bacterial pathogens that may be present in aquarium water.RésuméObjectif: Déceler une source de contamination pouvant expliquer l’augmentation du nombre de cas de Salmonellaparatyphi B de type Java.Méthode: Une étude descriptive a été effectuée sur tous les cas déclarés de S. paratyphi B de janvier 2000 à juin 2003.Résultats: Cinquante-trois cas de cette infection ont été déclarés alors que l’on observait antérieurement seulement de deux à quatre cas par an. Près de 60 % des cas ont été en contact avec un aquarium ou avaient acheté des poissons tropicaux dans les semaines précédant la maladie. Étant donné qu’un lien était suspecté entre les cas et les aquariums, une investigation environnementale a aussi été amorcée dans les maisons des personnes possédant un aquarium, dans les animaleries où avaient été achetés les poissons ainsi que chez les fournisseurs. Plusieurs échantillons d’eau et de matières filtrantes ont été prélevés. Plus de 50 % des échantillons prélevés démontraient la présence de salmonelles de différents sérotypes ainsi que de S. Paratyphi B. Les souches provenant des humains et des aquariums ont été comparées à l’aide de la méthode d’électrophorèse en champ pulsé. Cette méthode a démontré une similarité entre les souches chez les patients et dans les aquariums.Discussion: Le contact avec un aquarium peut représenter un facteur de risque pour l’acquisition d’une infection à salmonelle. Des interventions préventives ont été effectuées auprès des fournisseurs et des animaleries pour les informer de ce risque. De","PeriodicalId":9525,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Public Health","volume":"23 1","pages":"471-474"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73371848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fortune Favours the Prepared Mind","authors":"T. Tam, Jillian E Sciberras, Beatrice Mullington, A. King","doi":"10.1007/BF03405177","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03405177","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9525,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Public Health","volume":"49 3 1","pages":"406 - 408"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91039762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trends in Injuries, Illnesses, and Policies in Canadian Healthcare Workplaces","authors":"A. Yassi, M. Gilbert, Yuri Cvitkovich","doi":"10.1007/BF03404026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03404026","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9525,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Public Health","volume":"133 1","pages":"333 - 339"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77616235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rural Youth Violence","authors":"J. Kulig, Deana Nahachewsky, B. Hall, R. Kalischuk","doi":"10.1007/BF03404032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03404032","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9525,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Public Health","volume":"62 1","pages":"357 - 359"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80089775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Financial Impact of Controlling a Respiratory Virus Outbreak in a Teaching Hospital","authors":"C. Achonu, A. Laporte, M. Gardam","doi":"10.1007/BF03404018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03404018","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9525,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Public Health","volume":"12 1","pages":"52 - 54"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88597092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Building a Health Research Relationship Between First Nations and the University in Manitoba","authors":"J. O’Neil, B. Elias, Jennie Wastesicoot","doi":"10.17269/CJPH.96.1460","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17269/CJPH.96.1460","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes the emergence of a formal partnership between Manitoba First Nations and researchers in the Department of Community Health Sciences at the University of Manitoba. This partnership reflects two decades of a working relationship in Manitoba involving university researchers and First Nations communities, as well as new and innovative approaches to developing organizations, training initiatives and projects that strengthen First Nations principles of governance. The emerging trust that has developed between the Manitoba First Nations and the University has made it possible to extend this partnership into building further research capacity and evidence-based decision-making among First Nations. Discussions between the Assembly of Manitoba Chiefs and the Northern Health Research Unit resulted in the development of a Manitoba First Nations Centre for Aboriginal Health Research. Its mission is to initiate, coordinate and support research activities designed to assist First Nations and Aboriginal communities and organizations in their efforts to promote healing, wellness and improved health services in their communities. Much of the health research described in this journal was facilitated through this partnership, which demonstrated the value of partnerships and new funding opportunities to better address the health information needs of First Nations communities, particularly at a time when Aboriginal communities were highly skeptical of the value of academic research.RésuméCet article décrit l’émergence d’une entente de partenariat officielle entre les Premières nations du Manitoba et les chercheurs du Département des sciences de la santé communautaire de l’Université du Manitoba. L’entente est l’aboutissement de deux décennies de collaboration entre le milieu universitaire et les collectivités des Premières nations au Manitoba. Elle s’articule autour de démarches nouvelles ou novatrices pour l’élaboration de structures, de projets et d’initiatives de formation qui renforcent les principes de gouvernance des Premières nations. La confiance qui s’est développée entre les Premières nations et l’Université du Manitoba a permis d’étendre ce partenariat aux activités de renforcement des capacités de recherche et des processus décisionnels fondés sur les résultats chez les Premières nations. Des discussions entre l’Assembly of Manitoba Chiefs et la Faculté de recherche sur la santé du Nord de l’Université du Manitoba ont abouti à la création d’un centre de recherche sur la santé autochtone: le Manitoba First Nations Centre for Aboriginal Health Research. Il a pour mission de lancer, de coordonner et d’appuyer des activités de recherche pour aider les collectivités et les organismes autochtones et des Premières nations qui cherchent à promouvoir le ressourcement, le mieux-être et l’amélioration des services de santé dans leurs populations. La plupart des études sur la santé dont il est question dans le présent supplément ont bénéficié de c","PeriodicalId":9525,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Public Health","volume":"126 1","pages":"S9-S12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88124266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Traumatic Experiences in Childhood and the Risk of Arthritis","authors":"J. Kopec, E. C. Sayre","doi":"10.17269/CJPH.95.537","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17269/CJPH.95.537","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Recent data suggest that psychosocial factors, including childhood and adulthood stressors, may play a significant role in the development of chronic musculoskeletal pain and other symptoms. The purpose of this study was to determine if traumatic experiences in childhood are associated with an increased risk of self-reported arthritis later in life.Methods: We used longitudinal data (N=9,159) from the first 3 cycles of the National Population Health Survey (NPHS) in Canada. New cases of arthritis were identified using an interviewer-administered questionnaire. Psychological trauma in childhood or adolescence was measured by a 7-item questionnaire asking about physical abuse, fearful experiences, hospitalization, being sent away from home, and 3 types of parental disturbance. The effects of trauma were examined in a multivariable discrete-time proportional hazards model.Results: The incidence of self-reported arthritis was 27.1 per 1,000 person-years. We found a relative risk of 1.17 (95% CI=0.92, 1.48) for one traumatic event and 1.27 (95% CI=0.99, 1.62) for two or more traumatic events. Independent effects were observed for prolonged hospitalization (HR=1.33, 95% CI=1.05, 1.68) and being very scared (HR=1.29, 95% CI=1.02, 1.62). In subgroup analyses, no significant interactions were found between trauma and sex, socio-economic status, or baseline health.Conclusions: In this large prospective study, we found a moderate increase in the risk of arthritis among persons reporting multiple traumatic experiences in childhood.RÉsuméContexte: Des données récentes donnent à penser que des facteurs psychosociaux, en particulier les agents stressants durant l’enfance et à l’âge adulte, pourraient jouer un rôle important dans le fait d’être atteint de douleurs musculo-squelettiques chroniques et d’autres symptômes. Nous avons cherché à déterminer si les expériences traumatisantes durant l’enfance sont associées à un risque accru d’arthrite (selon les déclarations des intéressés) plus tard au cours de la vie.Méthode: Nous avons utilisé les données longitudinales (N=9 159) des trois premiers cycles de l’Enquête nationale sur la santé de la population (ENSP) au Canada. Les nouveaux cas d’arthrite ont été répertoriés à l’aide d’un questionnaire administré par un intervieweur. Nous avons mesuré les traumatismes psychologiques vécus durant l’enfance ou l’adolescence au moyen d’un questionnaire en sept éléments, portant sur la violence physique, les expériences effrayantes, les hospitalisations, le fait d’avoir été envoyé hors de la maison et trois types de perturbations parentales. Les effets des traumatismes ont été examinés à l’aide d’un modèle multivariable des dangers proportionnels en temps discret.Résultats: Établi selon les déclarations des intéressés, le taux d’arthrite était de 27,1 pour 1 000 personnes par année. Nous avons observé un risque relatif de 1,17 (IC de 95 % =0,92–1,48) lorsqu’il n’y avait eu qu’un seul événement traumatisant, et d","PeriodicalId":9525,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Public Health","volume":"63 1","pages":"361-365"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90373250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thinking Locally About Pandemic Influenza","authors":"P. Huston","doi":"10.1007/BF03403644","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03403644","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9525,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Public Health","volume":"70 4 1","pages":"184 - 185"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87703176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}