Canadian Journal of Public Health最新文献

{"title":"Low-risk Drinking Guidelines: The Scientific Evidence","authors":"Susan J. Bondy, Jürgen Rehm, M. J. Ashley, Gordon Walsh, Eric Single, Robin Room","doi":"10.17269/CJPH.90.1179","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17269/CJPH.90.1179","url":null,"abstract":"In 1997 the Addiction Research Foundation of Ontario and Canadian Centre on Substance Abuse released updated guidelines for low-risk alcohol consumption. This paper presents the scientific rationale behind this statement. Important comprehensive overviews on the consequences of alcohol use were studied. Formal meta-analyses on morbidity and mortality were examined wherever possible. Individual elements from similar guidelines were investigated for their scientific foundation. Limited original analyses defined risk levels by average weekly consumption. The evidence reviewed demonstrated that placing limits on both daily intake and cumulative intake over the typical week is justifiable for the prevention of important causes of morbidity and mortality. Gender-specific limits on weekly consumption were also indicated. In these updated guidelines intended for primary prevention, days of abstinence are not necessarily recommended. Intoxication should be avoided and abstinence is sometimes advisable. Available evidence does not strongly favour one alcoholic beverage over another for cardiovascular health benefits.RésuméLes fondements scientifiques des directives sur la consommation d’alcool à faible risque publiées en 1997 par la Fondation de la recherche sur la toxicomanie et le Centre canadien de lutte contre les toxicomanies ont fait l’objet d’une évaluation. L’évaluation portait sur une sélection d’examens épidémio-logiques des conséquences de la consommation d’alcool les plus complets, dont des méta-analyses formelles sur la morbidité et la mortalité. Elle portait également sur des articles scientifiques principaux portant sur des questions précises. Les éléments des autres directives ont été examinés d’un oeil critique quant à leurs fondements scientifiques. Les données épidémiologiques ont servi à illustrer la courbe de risque relativement à certaines conséquences de la consommation d’alcool. La preuve scientifique appuie la définition des limites quotidiennes de consommation d’alcool, et des limites hebdomadaires, lesquelles diffèrent selon le sexe du buveur. Si ces limites sont respectées, il n’est pas nécessairement recommandé de réserver des jours d’abstinence. L’alcool doit être consommé lentement, et l’ivresse doit être évitée. Les effets sur la santé sont déterminés principalement par l’alcool en soit plutôt que par des boissons en particulier. Dans certaines circonstances, l’abstinence est recommandée.","PeriodicalId":9525,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Public Health","volume":"38 1","pages":"264-270"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77426483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An International Comparison of Cancer Survival: Advantage of Toronto’s Poor Over the Near Poor of Detroit","authors":"K. Gorey, E. Holowaty, E. Laukkanen, Gordon Fehringer, N. L. Richter","doi":"10.17269/CJPH.89.1048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17269/CJPH.89.1048","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9525,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Public Health","volume":"175 16 1","pages":"102-104"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87693058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Public Health in Canada: A Comparative Study of Six Provinces","authors":"P. Sutcliffe, R. Deber, G. Pasut","doi":"10.17269/CJPH.88.933","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17269/CJPH.88.933","url":null,"abstract":"PurposeTo describe the public health systems and their projected futures in six provinces in the context of two developments: 1) the emerging discourse on population health and 2) the trend toward regionalization of the health care system.MethodsTelephone interviews with key informants and key document review.Results and ConclusionsCommunicable disease control and health protection are currently the “core businesses” of public health; the population health discourse has not resulted in mandated programming. The reality is a retrenchment of public health scope during a time that should be considered conducive to expansion. Only Ontario has not regionalized its health care system, although public health is already delivered regionally. Alberta, Saskatchewan and Manitoba have either evolved or are evolving toward an integrated health system. There were concerns about the potential impact on public health identity and funding of this “vertical integration”. Regionalization of public health may result in units that are too small to support adequate local expertise and may jeopardize development and enforcement of province-wide programs.RésuméObjectifsCette étude comparative décrit les systèmes de santé publique et leurs prévisions futures pour six provinces dans le cadre de deux évolutions: 1) le nouveau débat sur la santé de la population et 2) la tendance à la régionalisation du système de soins de santé.MéthodesInterviews téléphoniques avec des informateurs-clé et examen des principaux documents.Résultats et conclusionsLa lutte contre les maladies transmissibles et la protection de la santé constituent à l’heure actuelle les principales activités de la santé publique; le débat concernant la santé de la population n’a pas donné lieu à la mise en oeuvre de programmes obligatoires. Dans la réalité, on assiste à un repli de la portée de la santé publique alors même que l’on devrait se diriger vers une expansion de cette dernière. Seule la province de l’Ontario n’a pas régionalisé son système de soins de santé bien que les prestations de la santé publique soient déjà du ressort régional. Pour leur part, l’Alberta, la Saskatchewan et le Manitoba sont déjà passés à un système de soins intégré, ou s’apprêtent à le faire. Des préoccupations ont été exprimées quant à l’impact potentiel de cette „intégration verticale”. La régionalisation de la santé publique pourrait aboutir à des unités trop petites pour disposer de compétences locales suffisantes et mettre en péril le développement et la mise en oeuvre de programmes provinciaux.","PeriodicalId":9525,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Public Health","volume":"24 1","pages":"246-249"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74110476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Localized Outbreak of Poliomyelitis.","authors":"A. Somerville","doi":"10.1097/00005053-194312000-00018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00005053-194312000-00018","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9525,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Public Health","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1943-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82561020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tuberculosis in Industry.","authors":"A. Riddell","doi":"10.1093/occmed/7.2.65","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/occmed/7.2.65","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9525,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Public Health","volume":"56 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1939-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75364120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vitamin D Milk.","authors":"E. W. Mchenry","doi":"10.1001/jama.1936.02770190040019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.1936.02770190040019","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9525,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Public Health","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1935-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75748900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cancer and Tuberculosis.","authors":"J. Mcintosh","doi":"10.1016/s0140-6736(00)85401-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(00)85401-x","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9525,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Public Health","volume":"2005 1","pages":"600-609"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88344188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}