Cancer reports最新文献

{"title":"BRCA2-Related Hereditary Cancer Syndrome-Associated Small Bowel Adenocarcinoma With Multiple BRCA2 Mutations: A Case Report and Review of the Literature","authors":"Francesca Antoci,&nbsp;Tommaso Colella,&nbsp;Elena Biletta,&nbsp;Erica Travaglino,&nbsp;Giuseppe De Lisi,&nbsp;Erica Quaquarini,&nbsp;Giovanni Arpa,&nbsp;Alberto Maria Pisacane,&nbsp;Myriam Katja Paris,&nbsp;Salvatore Corallo,&nbsp;Antonio Di Sabatino,&nbsp;Francesco Leone,&nbsp;Alessandro Vanoli","doi":"10.1002/cnr2.70200","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cnr2.70200","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Small bowel adenocarcinomas (SBAs) are rare and aggressive cancers. About one-fifth of SBA patients have predisposing conditions; among them, there are also genetic tumor syndromes, including Lynch syndrome, familial adenomatous polyposis, and Peutz-Jeghers syndrome. Although <i>BRCA2</i> mutations, both somatic and germline, have been recently described in SBAs, direct evidence of <i>BRCA2</i> inactivation in SBA tumor tissue of patients with <i>BRCA2</i>-related hereditary cancer syndrome is still very limited.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Case Presentation</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Herein, we described a case of a 51-year-old woman with a history of breast cancer who developed an adenocarcinoma of the duodeno-jejunal flexure causing persistent vomiting. After clinical staging, the patient underwent surgical resection, and histologic examination of the specimen confirmed a poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma infiltrating the visceral peritoneum and showing lymph node metastases (stage III, pT4N1). Two years later, the SBA relapsed, and next generation sequencing was performed in matched tumor and normal tissues. In addition to <i>KRAS</i> and <i>TP53</i> mutations in the tumor, both somatic and germline <i>BRCA2</i> mutations were identified, indicating biallelic <i>BRCA2</i> alterations.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p><i>BRCA2</i>-associated hereditary tumor syndrome could have an etio-pathogenetic role in SBA development; thus, we suggest that this syndrome should be considered in patients with an SBA diagnosis below the age of 50 years, especially when a personal or family history of breast cancer is present.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9440,"journal":{"name":"Cancer reports","volume":"8 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cnr2.70200","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143809670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association Between Triglyceride-Glucose Index and Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","authors":"Diar Zooravar,&nbsp;Hanieh Radkhah,&nbsp;Bahareh Shateri Amiri,&nbsp;Pedram Soltani","doi":"10.1002/cnr2.70194","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cnr2.70194","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Background and Aims&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;The triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index, a surrogate marker for insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome, has been implicated in breast cancer (BC) risk. However, its predictive value remains controversial. This systematic review and meta-analysis assessed the association between the TyG index and BC risk, its role in differentiating malignant from benign breast lesions, and its potential prognostic significance.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Methods&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;A comprehensive search of PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, and Google Scholar was conducted up to January 2025. Studies were included if they met the following criteria: (1) assessed the TyG index about BC risk, progression, or prognosis; (2) included a comparator group (healthy individuals, benign breast lesion patients, or internal controls); (3) reported effect sizes (odds ratio [OR] or hazard ratio [HR]) with 95% confidence intervals (CI); and (4) provided sufficient statistical data on the TyG index. Excluded studies included in vitro or animal research, reviews, case reports, and those lacking relevant quantitative data. Effect sizes were pooled using a random-effects model; heterogeneity was assessed via &lt;i&gt;I&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; statistics, and sensitivity analyses were performed. A restricted cubic spline model evaluated dose–response relationships.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Results&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Thirteen studies, including retrospective, case–control, cohort, and cross-sectional designs, were analyzed. Case–control and cross-sectional studies revealed a significant association between a higher TyG index and increased BC risk (OR: 1.87, 95% CI: 1.45–2.41, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.01). However, cohort studies did not confirm this relationship (HR: 1.04, 95% CI: 0.97–1.11, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.23). The TyG index effectively differentiated malignant from benign breast lesions (WMD: 0.23, 95% CI: 0.18–0.27, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.01) with a pooled AUC of 0.64. Dose–response analysis suggested a non-linear relationship between the TyG index and BC risk (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.001).&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Conclusion&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;While the TyG index may not strongly predict BC onset, it reflects metabolic alterations linked to cancer progression. Its ability to distinguish benign from malignant lesions highlights its clinical utility. Future studies should standardize TyG index thresholds and validate their prognostic value through longitudinal research.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Trial Registration&lt;/h","PeriodicalId":9440,"journal":{"name":"Cancer reports","volume":"8 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cnr2.70194","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143793662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An up-To-Date Review of Elesclomol and Its Nano-Formulations in Cancer Therapy","authors":"Qi Wang,&nbsp;Feng Li,&nbsp;Amit K. Tiwari,&nbsp;R. Jayachandra Babu","doi":"10.1002/cnr2.70193","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cnr2.70193","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Elesclomol (ES) is a promising anticancer compound that exerts its effects through multiple mechanisms. It acts as a copper (Cu(II)) ionophore, forming an ES–Cu complex within cancer cells and inducing a novel form of cell death called cuproptosis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To provide an up-to-date review on elesclomol and its nano-formulations with a particular focus on cancer therapy.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Sources</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Literature was collected by manually searching in Pubmed, and Google Scholar, clinicaltrials.gov through March 2025.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Content</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This review provides an overview of the discovery and development of the ES molecule, including its physicochemical properties. New insights into the intracellular interactions of ES with copper and the mechanisms of copper transportation are then explained. The recent clinical outcomes of ES in cancer therapy, both as a monotherapy and in combination with paclitaxel or carboplatin, are summarized. While the initial clinical trials showed promise, more studies are focusing on the preclinical investigations of the ES–Cu complex. Nanomedicine-based formulations have emerged as a strategy to enhance the intracellular delivery of ES as well as its therapeutic effects, with several ES–Cu nanomedicines currently under development. The recent nanoparticle delivery strategies of ES are discussed. This comprehensive review provides an up-to-date overview of the recent advancements in ES study, including its novel mechanism of action, clinical progress, and the potential of nanomedicine-based approaches to improve its therapeutic efficacy in cancer treatment.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9440,"journal":{"name":"Cancer reports","volume":"8 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cnr2.70193","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143793661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Practical Landscape of Cytokine-Targeted miRNAs to Enhance NK Cell Function in Cancer Immunotherapy: A Bioinformatic Analysis","authors":"Arefeh Zabeti Touchaei,&nbsp;Sogand Vahidi,&nbsp;Ali Akbar Samadani","doi":"10.1002/cnr2.70192","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cnr2.70192","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Suppression within the tumor microenvironment (TME) hampered natural killer (NK) cells and their role in cancer immunotherapy. This study explores how interleukin (IL) signaling (IL-12A, IL-12B, IL-15, IL-18) and interferon gamma (IFNG or IFN-γ) interact with microRNAs to regulate NK cell function in cancer.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We identify the targeted microRNAs (miRNAs) for these genes and the key pathways influencing various cancers through comprehensive analyses, including protein–protein interaction networks, protein co-expression, miRNA targeting prediction, homology, mRNA-miRNA regulatory networks, gene set enrichment, and signaling pathway analysis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our analysis revealed a significant association between genes encoding interleukins and IFNG with NK cell infiltration across various cancers. Additionally, we identified several miRNAs (hsa-miR-590-3p, hsa-miR-340-5p, hsa-miR-495-3p, hsa-miR-5692a, hsa-miR-130a-3p) that potentially regulate NK cell function by targeting these genes. These miRNAs participate in critical pathways essential for NK cell function. Notably, our findings suggest a key role for mRNA-miRNA co-regulation in suppressing NK cells within the tumor microenvironment.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study highlights the potential of targeting these identified miRNAs as a strategy to enhance NK cell function and improve the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9440,"journal":{"name":"Cancer reports","volume":"8 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cnr2.70192","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143786919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Urologic Fistulas in Czech Women With Gynaecologic Malignancies","authors":"Jiri Spacek,&nbsp;Munachiso Onyedikachi Ndukwe,&nbsp;Akaninyene Eseme Bernard Ubom,&nbsp;I. Sirak,&nbsp;Petr Hoffman,&nbsp;Dominik Karasek,&nbsp;Jiri Petera,&nbsp;Milos Brodak,&nbsp;Michal Balik,&nbsp;Dominik Habes,&nbsp;Jaroslav Pacovsky","doi":"10.1002/cnr2.70134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cnr2.70134","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In developed countries, urologic fistulas arise mainly from malignancies, radiotherapy, or surgical trauma. Hysterectomy and radiation therapy are both critical components of the treatment of women with cancers. Urologic fistulas significantly reduce the quality of life of cancer patients, and may result in delays or even refusal of adjuvant treatment by these patients, thereby negatively impacting both short- and long-term cancer survival.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A 10-year retrospective study of urologic fistulas associated with gynaecologic malignancies at the University hospital Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic was conducted. Descriptive statistics of the fistula and treatment characteristics of women with malignant fistulas were conducted using the NCSS 22 statistical software program (NCSS, Keysville, Utah).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Cervical cancer was mostly commonly associated with urologic fistulas (36, 76.8%). Most of the malignant fistulas were complex (41, 87.2%) vesicovaginal (23, 48.9%) fistulas (VVFs). More than two-thirds (33, 70.2%) of the fistulas were diagnosed following radiotherapy, with a time interval from radiotherapy to fistula diagnosis of between 3.00 and 14.50 years. Primary fistuloraphy was performed for all the six cases with simple VVFs and seven (41.2%) of the 17 patients with complex VVFs. Treatment success rate was 83.33% and 14.3% for simple and complex fistulas, respectively. All the failed complex fistula repairs recurred.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Malignant fistulas predominantly follow radiotherapy for cervical cancers, and are usually detected up to 15 years post-radiotherapy. Most are complex VVFs, which are difficult to treat, with a high rate of recurrence.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9440,"journal":{"name":"Cancer reports","volume":"8 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cnr2.70134","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143762022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical Characteristics of SARS-COV-2 Omicron Variant in Acute Myeloid Leukemia and Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia Patients: A Multi-Center Retrospective Study","authors":"Lin Wang,&nbsp;Ruihua Mi,&nbsp;Lin Chen,&nbsp;Jia Liu,&nbsp;Haiping Yang,&nbsp;Meng Hu,&nbsp;Zhao Xiaoqiang,&nbsp;Yan Zhang,&nbsp;Xiaobing Xu,&nbsp;Bing Liu,&nbsp;Hongmian Zhao,&nbsp;Li Qianyu,&nbsp;Tao Liu,&nbsp;Chen Zhenzhu,&nbsp;Jinxiao Yao,&nbsp;Ying Yang,&nbsp;Xudong Wei","doi":"10.1002/cnr2.70146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cnr2.70146","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The death rate of hematological malignancies is high, and the death rate of patients with COVID-19 infection is further increased. Although there have been expert consensus and relevant guidelines to introduce the recommendations of the guidelines for patients with hematological malignancies complicated with COVID-19 infection, there is limited understanding of the clinical characteristics of Chinese patients with acute leukemia complicated with COVID-19 infection.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study aimed to analyze the clinical manifestations, mortality, and determinants of viral shedding duration in Chinese AL patients infected with COVID-19.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We conducted a retrospective study of 100 AL patients with COVID-19 infection in Henan Province, China, from December 1, 2022, to January 31, 2023. Data on demographics, leukemia subtype, symptoms, treatments (antibiotics/antivirals), and viral shedding duration were collected. Follow-up was conducted over three months to assess mortality. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify risk factors.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The median age was 49.5 years (58% male, 42% female), with 76% having acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and 24% acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Most patients (86%) were asymptomatic. Antibiotics and antivirals were administered to 35% and 25% of patients, respectively. Severe cases and fatalities exhibited prolonged viral shedding. Neutropenic patients on antibiotics had significantly extended shedding duration, whereas antiviral therapy or delayed primary disease management shortened it. The overall mortality rate was 6%. Univariate analysis identified neutropenia as a key mortality risk factor, though multivariate analysis showed no significant associations.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Early antiviral treatment may reduce viral shedding duration and potentially mitigate symptom severity and mortality in AL patients with COVID-19. Neutropenia emerged as a critical factor influencing outcomes. These findings underscore the importance of tailored therapeutic strategies for this high-risk population.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9440,"journal":{"name":"Cancer reports","volume":"8 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cnr2.70146","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143762021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Single Arm Pilot Observational Study to Evaluate the Safety and Feasibility of a Pre-Operative Very Low Calorie Diet in Severely Obese Patients With Endometrial Cancer","authors":"Chloe Ayres,&nbsp;Hanna Burbidge,&nbsp;Jayna Garratt,&nbsp;Ganendra Raj Mohan,&nbsp;Yee Leung,&nbsp;Stephanie Jeffares,&nbsp;Sanela Bilic,&nbsp;Paul A. Cohen","doi":"10.1002/cnr2.70172","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cnr2.70172","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Pre-operative very low calorie diets (VLCDs) can achieve rapid and safe weight loss, yet no studies have evaluated VLCDs in the severely obese endometrial cancer population prior to surgery. Our aim was to evaluate the safety and feasibility of a 4–6 week pre-operative nutritional intervention with the Optifast VLCD prior to surgery in patients with clinical stage 1, Grade 1 endometrioid endometrial adenocarcinoma and a body mass index ≥ 35 kg/m².</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This was an investigator-initiated single-arm prospective observational study. Co-primary endpoints were safety and feasibility. Secondary endpoints were changes in anthropometric measures, blood pressure, biochemistry, perioperative complications, length of stay and final tumour stage. Tolerability and compliance of the VLCD were assessed by fortnightly questionnaires and urinary ketones.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Twenty-eight patients were enrolled, of which 25 underwent the intervention. 22/25 patients (88%) completed at least 4 weeks of Optifast. Mean (SD) age was 56.4 (6.3) years, and mean body mass index (BMI) was 45.2 (7.1) kg/m². Significant decreases in weight (mean 8.2 kg [3.6]), BMI (mean 3.1 kg/m² [1.3]), waist and hip circumference (mean 5.7 [6.5] and 4.5 cm [4.1], respectively), and diastolic blood pressure (10 mmHg [14.1]) were observed (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001 for all). One patient had a flare of gout. All patients had laparoscopic surgery without adverse events. Optifast was considered acceptable, and compliance was 40% to 61.9%. Eighty-eight percent (22/25) of patients had FIGO 2009 Stage 1A Grade 1 endometrioid endometrial adenocarcinoma on final staging.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A 4–6 week pre-operative VLCD in severely obese clinically low-risk endometrial cancer patients appears safe, feasible and well tolerated.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9440,"journal":{"name":"Cancer reports","volume":"8 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cnr2.70172","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143762033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of Machine Learning Models for Classification of Breast Cancer Risk Based on Clinical Data","authors":"Haniyeh Rafiepoor,&nbsp;Alireza Ghorbankhanloo,&nbsp;Kazem Zendehdel,&nbsp;Zahra Zangeneh Madar,&nbsp;Sepideh Hajivalizadeh,&nbsp;Zeinab Hasani,&nbsp;Ali Sarmadi,&nbsp;Behzad Amanpour-Gharaei,&nbsp;Mohammad Amin Barati,&nbsp;Mozafar Saadat,&nbsp;Seyed-Ali Sadegh-Zadeh,&nbsp;Saeid Amanpour","doi":"10.1002/cnr2.70175","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cnr2.70175","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Breast cancer (BC) is a major global health concern with rising incidence and mortality rates in many developing countries. Effective BC risk assessment models are crucial for prevention and early detection. While the Gail model, a traditional logistic regression-based model, has been broadly used, its predictive performance may be limited by its linear assumptions. With the rapid advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) in medical sciences, various complex machine learning algorithms have been developed for risk prediction, including for BC.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study aims to compare the quality of AI-based models with the traditional Gail model in assessing BC risk using a population dataset. It also evaluates the performance of these models in predicting BC risk.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods and Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study involved 942 newly diagnosed BC patients and 975 healthy controls at the Cancer Institute in IKH hospital Complex, Tehran. Ten classification algorithms were applied to the dataset. The accuracy, sensitivity, precision, and feature importance in the machine learning algorithms were assessed and compared to previous studies for evaluation. The study found that AI algorithms alone did not significantly improve predictability compared to the Gail model. However, the importance of variables varied significantly among the AI algorithms. Understanding feature importance and interactions is crucial in AI modeling in order to enhance accuracy and identify critical risk factors.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study concluded that, in BC risk prediction, incorporating specific risk factors, such as genetic and image-related variables, may be necessary to further enhance accuracy in BC risk prediction models. Furthermore, it is crucial to address modeling issues in models with a restricted number of features for future research.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9440,"journal":{"name":"Cancer reports","volume":"8 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cnr2.70175","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143761998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy and Safety of Quadruplet Therapy in Newly Diagnosed Transplant-Eligible Multiple Myeloma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","authors":"Aneeta Channar,&nbsp;Syed Arsalan Ahmed Naqvi,&nbsp;Muhammad Ali Khan,&nbsp;Arifa Bibi,&nbsp;Akshat Saxena,&nbsp;Nikita Tripathi,&nbsp;Ahmad Iftikhar,&nbsp;Ammad Raina,&nbsp;Kaneez Zahra Rubab Khakwani,&nbsp;Irbaz Bin Riaz,&nbsp;Muhammad Husnain","doi":"10.1002/cnr2.70171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cnr2.70171","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The treatment landscape for multiple myeloma continues to evolve. Recently, the addition of anti-CD38 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to the triplet regimen, comprising a proteasome inhibitor, an immunomodulatory agent, and a steroid, for transplant-eligible newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (TENDMM) has shown promising results.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To evaluate the overall efficacy and safety of quadruplet therapy with an anti-CD38 mAb compared to a triplet regimen.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A systematic search of Medline, Scopus, and EMBASE databases from inception to July 2024 identified relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Efficacy and safety outcomes were derived using random-effects meta-analysis. Summarized outcomes include hazard ratios (HR) for progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS), odds ratios (OR) for response rates, measurable residual disease (MRD) negativity rate, and grade 3 or higher adverse events (G ≥ 3 AEs).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Five RCTs involving 2963 patients were included. A statistically significant PFS was observed for quadruplet therapy when compared to the triplet regimen (HR 0.44; 95% Confidence Interval [CI] 0.35–0.56). PFS benefit was consistent for the standard risk (SR) group (HR 0.38; 95% CI 0.27–0.52) and high risk (HiR) group (HR 0.62; 95% CI 0.41–0.92). No statistically significant benefit was observed for OS (HR 0.55; 95% CI 0.28–1.08). A statistically significant benefit was observed for the overall response rate (OR 1.77; 95% CI 1.02–3.06) and MRD negativity rate (OR 2.67; 95% CI 1.79–3.99). No significant differences were observed for G ≥ 3 AE (OR 1.21; 95% CI 0.92–1.58), lymphopenia (OR 1.09; 95% CI 0.62–1.89), and anemia (OR 1.06; 95% CI 0.83–1.37). However, a significantly increased risk was observed for all-grade thrombocytopenia (OR 1.64; 95% CI 1.37–1.97), neutropenia (OR 2.24; 95% CI 1.67–3.02) and infections (OR 1.88; 95% CI 1.07–3.31).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Quadruplet therapy demonstrated a favorable efficacy and safety profile, with consistent benefit across subgroups. The findings support its potential as the new standard of care for TENDMM.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9440,"journal":{"name":"Cancer reports","volume":"8 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cnr2.70171","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143761999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Comprehensive Analysis of Epoxide Hydrolase 2 (EPHX2) in Pan-Cancer","authors":"Weiquan Hu,&nbsp;Xiaoli Ding,&nbsp;Xiangsheng Wu,&nbsp;Xuxiang Xi,&nbsp;Jing Xu,&nbsp;Shengyun Dai,&nbsp;Jing Chen,&nbsp;Suping Hu,&nbsp;Qinfei Zhao,&nbsp;Fangfang Chen","doi":"10.1002/cnr2.70188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cnr2.70188","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background and Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Epoxide hydrolase 2 (EPHX2) regulates lipid signaling across various metabolites by encoding soluble epoxide hydrolase. However, its mechanisms and implications in human malignancies remain unknown. This research aimed to detail the prognostic landscape of EPHX2 in pan-cancer and explore its potential relationship with immune infiltration in the tumor microenvironment.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Herein, multiple bioinformatics tools were used to comprehensively evaluate the expression, diagnostic, and prognostic significance of EPHX2 and its roles in the tumor immune microenvironment in human cancers. The underlying EPHX2-associated signaling pathways in cancers were investigated by gene set variation analysis (GSVA). TIDE, GDSC, and CTRP databases were applied to predict the response of EPHX2 to immunotherapy and sensitivity to small molecule drugs. Furthermore, EPHX2 expression was also validated by qPCR experiments in various cancer cell lines.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Overall results revealed significant down-regulation of EPHX2 mRNA expression in most tumors. Despite its high predictive significance across cancers, EPHX2 played a protective or detrimental effect in distinct types of cancers. EPHX2 proved to be a valuable diagnostic biomarker in a range of tumor types, particularly in kidney renal clear cell carcinoma, cervical squamous cell carcinoma, and endocervical adenocarcinoma. Genetic alterations of EPHX2 in 33 tumors were also investigated. EPHX2 expression was significantly linked to immune cell infiltrations (particularly tumor-associated macrophages), tumor mutation burden, microsatellite instability, immune modulators, and immunotherapeutic biomarkers. Single-cell sequencing and GSVA highlighted the relevance of EPHX2 in regulating various cancer-related biological processes, including cell cycle and apoptosis. In this view, targeting EPHX2-dependent signaling could be a promising therapeutic strategy for tumor immunotherapy.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>EPHX2 may serve as a potential molecular biomarker for diagnosis and prognosis in pan-cancer and could become a novel therapeutic target for various cancers.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9440,"journal":{"name":"Cancer reports","volume":"8 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cnr2.70188","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143690076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}