Turkish neurosurgery最新文献

{"title":"Trolox Reduces Neuroblastoma-Induced Oxidative Stress and Inflammation.","authors":"Haydar Celik, Guven Akcay, Aysenur Budak Savas, Fatma Yesilyurt, Filiz Demirdogen, Dilanur Ates, Ahmet Hacimuftuoglu","doi":"10.5137/1019-5149.JTN.46442-24.4","DOIUrl":"10.5137/1019-5149.JTN.46442-24.4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>To determine the effects of different concentrations of Trolox on the cytotoxic, oxidant, antioxidant, and cytokine levels in the SH-SY5Y cell line.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>SH-SY5Y cells were grown in an appropriate medium and under appropriate conditions. Trolox was added to the cell line at concentrations of 50, 100, 200, 400 and 800 μM and incubated for 24 and 48 hours. Subsequently, methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) and proinflammatory cytokine level assays were performed, and the cytotoxicity of oxidative stress was assessed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Administration of 200 μM of Trolox reduced the cancer cell viability to 77.76%. Furthermore, Trolox exhibited a concentration-dependent effect on the SH-SY5Y cell line. Administration of 200 μM of Trolox also reduced the oxidant activity, increased the antioxidant capacity, and decreased the proinflammatory cytokine levels in neuroblastoma (NB) cells, which were consistent with the cytotoxicity test results.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results of this experimental study demonstrated a Trolox concentration of 200 μM produces an anticancer effect on NB cell-line.</p>","PeriodicalId":94381,"journal":{"name":"Turkish neurosurgery","volume":" ","pages":"1117-1121"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142549971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy and Safety Assessment of LVIS Jr Device in Treating Wide-Neck Aneurysms: A Comprehensive Systematic Review and Single-Arm Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Marcelo Porto Sousa, Guilherme Nunes Marques, Livia Abreu, Filipi Fim Andreão, Leonardo Oliveira, Gabriel Verly, Sávio Batista, Guilherme Melo Silva, Raphael Muszkat Besborodco, Raphael Bertani","doi":"10.5137/1019-5149.JTN.46167-23.2","DOIUrl":"10.5137/1019-5149.JTN.46167-23.2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>To evaluate the usage and the effectiveness of LVIS Jr device technology in managing wide-neck intracranial aneurysms.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases, comprising studies with outcomes related to LVIS Jr use in wide-neck intracranial aneurysms were searched systematically. Data was extracted from the selected articles and subjected to statistical analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 886 initially identified articles, 20 studies met our inclusion criteria, comprising a total of 557 patients. Our analysis revealed a 96% final occlusion rate under common effects and 93% under random effects, with substantial heterogeneity (I² = 69%). Good clinical outcomes were observed in 99% of cases with low heterogeneity (I² = 27%). Mortality rates were extremely low, with only one reported death out of 499 patients across 18 studies, resulting in a 0% mortality rate for common and random effects and no heterogeneity (I² = 0). Complications occurred in 44 of 482 patients, yielding a 6% rate in the common effect model and 6% in the random effects model, with nonsignificant heterogeneity (I² = 25%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>LVIS Jr observed a favorable rate of final occlusion and good clinical outcomes, and the low mortality and complication rates highlight its safety in the treatment of wide-neck aneurysms.</p>","PeriodicalId":94381,"journal":{"name":"Turkish neurosurgery","volume":" ","pages":"946-957"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142549960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of Increased T2 Signal Activity in Patients with Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy Undergoing Posterior Cervical Fusion.","authors":"Semih Kivanc Olguner, Yurdal Gezercan, Zeki Boga, Mehmet Ozer, Mehmet Secer, Ferhat Harman, Can Kivrak, Derya Karaoglu, Ender Koktekir, Hakan Karabagli, Kadir Oktay, Tahsin Erman, Mehmet Yigit Akgun, Ozkan Ates, Melihcan Savasci, Ahmet Ogrenci, Sedat Dalbayrak, Tunc Oktenoglu, Ali Fahir Ozer","doi":"10.5137/1019-5149.JTN.45402-23.2","DOIUrl":"10.5137/1019-5149.JTN.45402-23.2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>To compare the preoperative and postoperative increased signal intensity (ISI) outcomes of cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) patients who underwent posterior decompression and fusion, and to assess the correlation between ISI changes and postsurgical clinical prognosis.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>The results from 123 patients were evaluated. In addition to demographic data, such as age and gender, factors, including body mass index (BMI); smoking history; duration of symptoms; follow-up periods; levels of decompression and fusion; comorbidities, such as diabetes, coronary artery disease, and hypertension; ISI grading; cervical sagittal vertical axis; C2-7 cervical lordosis parameters; and Modified Japanese Orthopedic Association (mJOA) scores, were statistically analyzed preoperatively and postoperatively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>ISI improved in 39 patients (31.7%), remained unchanged in 53 patients (latent, 43.1%), and deteriorated in 31 patients (25.2%). There were no statistically significant differences in terms of age, gender, BMI, or levels of decompression and fusion between patients with ISI improvement, latent ISI, and worsened ISI. Patients with ISI improvement had the highest postoperative C2-7 lordosis values and shortest duration of symptoms. There was no statistically significant difference in the mJOA scores between patients with and without ISI improvement.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>ISI improvement in CSM patients undergoing posterior cervical decompression and fusion is influenced by symptom duration and preoperative-postoperative cervical lordosis values. However, this study did not find a correlation between ISI improvement and clinical recovery based on the mJOA scores.</p>","PeriodicalId":94381,"journal":{"name":"Turkish neurosurgery","volume":" ","pages":"847-855"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141862015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical Characteristics and Rehabilitation Results of Traumatic Brain Injury Patients Who Have Early Rehabilitation.","authors":"Hatice Cetin, Birol Onal, Baylar Baylarov, Sacide Kalaycioglu, Esra Dulger, Sevil Bilgin, Ilkay Isikay, Nezire Kose","doi":"10.5137/1019-5149.JTN.44265-23.3","DOIUrl":"10.5137/1019-5149.JTN.44265-23.3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>To examine the clinical characteristics and early rehabilitation results and to investigate the relationship between rehabilitation initiation time and rehabilitation-related outcome measurements in traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients who have early rehabilitation.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>Forty-seven TBI patients who were referred for rehabilitation in the neurosurgery department were enrolled in the study retrospectively. Clinical characteristics and rehabilitation-related outcome measurements including consciousness, functional outcome, daily living activities, functional mobility, and ambulation of all patients were recorded. The paired samples t-test was used to compare data before and after rehabilitation. The relationship between rehabilitation initiation time and the other outcomes was analyzed with Pearson's correlation test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Most of the TBI patients were male (83%) and the severities of the trauma were mostly mild (42%). The causes of trauma were mostly falls (53%). Twenty-three (49%) of the patients underwent surgical intervention. The lengths of time between admission and consultation and between surgery and consultation were 19.82±17.9 and 14.24±15.4 days, respectively. The lengths of stay in intensive care and hospital were respectively 27.32±34.93 and 41.35±32.83 days. The rehabilitation time was 21.50±24.32 days. The before and after rehabilitation results showed that all rehabilitation-related outcome measurements improved significantly (p < 0.001). The relationship between rehabilitation initiation time and the other outcomes was statistically significant (p < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This was a descriptive study in terms of demonstrating the demographic and clinical characteristics of TBI patients who need rehabilitation in the neurosurgery department. Early rehabilitation can enhance the rehabilitation-related outcome including consciousness, functional outcome, daily living activities, functional mobility, and ambulation in TBI patients as soon as their medical condition is stable. Early rehabilitation initiation time is important for improving the rehabilitation-related outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":94381,"journal":{"name":"Turkish neurosurgery","volume":" ","pages":"879-887"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141862016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of External Magnetic Field on the Efficacy of ADSC Transplantation in Rats with Spinal Cord Injury.","authors":"Jiaqing Xie, Xinwen Qi, Jinjin Hu, Xianhong Yang, Ruoyu Song, Shidi Chen","doi":"10.5137/1019-5149.JTN.45113-23.2","DOIUrl":"10.5137/1019-5149.JTN.45113-23.2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>To assess the effect of intravenously injected superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticle (SPION)-labeled adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) under an external magnetic field on the efficacy of ADSC transplantation in rats with spinal cord injury (SCI).</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>ADSCs were isolated from rats, labeled with SPIONs, and divided into magnetic and non-magnetic groups. A rat model of SCI was established, and SCI rats were randomly divided into magnetic, non-magnetic, and control groups, with ten rats in each group. Rats in the magnetic and non-magnetic groups were injected with SPION-labeled ADSCs via the tail vein. A 300-mT neodymium iron boron magnet was placed externally at the SCI site of the rats in the magnetic group. One and two weeks after successful modeling, SCI rats were scored for the degree of SCI followed by histopathology of the spinal cord, number of ADSCs at the SCI site, and growth-associated protein-43 (GAP-43) expression were determined in the spinal cord tissues.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>One and two weeks after modeling, the Basso-beattie bresnahan (BBB) scores were the highest in the magnetic group, followed by the non-magnetic group, and the lowest in the control group. HE staining showed that the histopathological manifestations of the spinal cord in the magnetic group were somewhat improved compared to those in the non-magnetic and control groups. Two weeks after modeling, Prussian blue staining revealed that the number of ADSCs was significantly higher in the spinal cord tissue of the magnetic group than in that of the non-magnetic group. One and two weeks after modeling, western blotting revealed that the magnetic group exhibited the highest GAP-43 expression.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>An external magnetic field applied at the SCI site in rats exerted a directional effect on SPION-labeled ADSCs, directing their migration and improving the efficacy of stem cell-targeted therapies for SCI.</p>","PeriodicalId":94381,"journal":{"name":"Turkish neurosurgery","volume":" ","pages":"888-897"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141862017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exogenous Ceramide Treatment Induce Death and Cytotoxicity in Glioma Cells.","authors":"Murat Baloglu, Canan Vejselova Sezer, Gizem Karadağ, Erdal Yayla, Hatice Mehtap Kutlu","doi":"10.5137/1019-5149.JTN.44624-23.3","DOIUrl":"10.5137/1019-5149.JTN.44624-23.3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>To evaluate the cytotoxic and proapoptotic effects of C6 ceramide on the C6 rat glioma cell line.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>The C6 rat glioma cell line was evaluated. Using a confocal microscope and the appropriate software, the cytotoxic effects of C6 ceramide were identified using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H tetrazolium bromide (MTT) colorimetric experiments. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was utilized to examine the ultrastructural changes following treatment with IC50 concentrations of C6 ceramide.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Condensation and fragmentation of nuclei and DNA laddering was observed, indicating apoptotic cell death. C6 ceramide induced apoptosis and effectively caused cytotoxicity in the C6 glioblastoma cells. MTT assay demonstrated > 90% cell death after short-term application of C6 ceramide, confirming its apoptosis-triggering effect. Apoptosis was also confirmed via confocal microscopy and TEM.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Glioblastoma cells undergo apoptosis when exposed to C6 ceramide, which makes it a potential chemotherapeutic agent for the treatment of this aggressive brain cancer.</p>","PeriodicalId":94381,"journal":{"name":"Turkish neurosurgery","volume":" ","pages":"907-911"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141862018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Redefining Diagnostic Criteria for Basilar Invagination Using Linear Craniometric Parameters.","authors":"Vikrant Yadav, Nityanand Pandey, Anurag Sahu, Ravi Shankar Prasad","doi":"10.5137/1019-5149.JTN.45091-23.2","DOIUrl":"10.5137/1019-5149.JTN.45091-23.2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>To establish the diagnosis of basilar invagination (BI) on the basis of specific bony landmarks Klaus' index (KI), perpendicular distance between the tip of the odontoid process and palato internal occipital protuberance (PI) line.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>Forty-nine patients were analysed, who underwent surgery for BI, between July 2020 and June 2023. Radiological assessment was done in all the patients using reconstructed midsagittal images on computed tomography scans .</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Mean age was 34.82 ± 10.52 years with male preponderance (67.35%) in patients with BI. We also analysed randomly selected 120 control subjects (male: female = 59:61) with mean age 43.5 ± 14.08 years. The mean distance of tip of the odontoid process from PI line in patients with BI was 3.39 ± 3.09 mm. The mean value of KI in the patients with BI was 28.57 ± 1.68 mm. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC)curve was used for analysing the distance of the tip of the odontoid process from PI line in the patients with BI which produced area under curve( AUC) of 0.97 (confidence interval [CI] -0.931 to 0.990, p < 0.0001). Cut-off point of 7.5 mm was identified for the distance of tip of odontoid process from PI line with sensitivity of 89.8% and specificity of 97.5% having 95.27% diagnostic accuracy for BI. ROC curve analysis of value of KI for the diagnosis of BI produced AUC of 1( CI: 0.978 to 1.000, p < 0.0001). Cut-off value of 33.2 mm for KI was identified for diagnosing BI with 100% accuracy.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The distance of tip of the odontoid process from PI line < 7.5 mm and value of KI < 33.2 mm, both of these parameters can diagnose BI with comparable accuracy to most widely used conventional radiological methods.</p>","PeriodicalId":94381,"journal":{"name":"Turkish neurosurgery","volume":" ","pages":"898-906"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141862025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Surviving the Big One: Turkish Neurosurgical Society's Innovative Disaster Management Model for Istanbul Earthquake.","authors":"Goksal Gunerhan, Zeynep Daglar, Emin Cagil, Ahmet Deniz Belen","doi":"10.5137/1019-5149.JTN.46154-23.2","DOIUrl":"10.5137/1019-5149.JTN.46154-23.2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Turkish Neurosurgical Society (TNS) played a pivotal role in providing critical medical support during the Kahramanmaraş earthquake. Recognizing the urgent need for neurosurgeons, our team collaborated with various institutions to address material shortages and meet medical requirements. However, this experience underscored the necessity of having a comprehensive disaster organization model and a well-defined disaster management plan. TNS should pioneer the creation of a dedicated trauma group to ensure coordination among neurosurgeons in future disasters. Minimize confusion during critical moments, the trauma group will have a regional structure, with smaller subagencies assigned distinct roles and responsibilities. Standardized triage and patient management practices, as defined in the created guidelines, will ensure consistency in trauma response across the board. The wealth of knowledge gained from field experiences will be shared through these guidelines, providing valuable insights for future generations. By proactively establishing a trauma group within the TNS and developing a robust disaster management plan, we aim to strengthen our resilience and enhance the overall effectiveness of neurosurgical response during emergencies. Together, we can pave the way for a more coordinated and efficient approach to disaster relief, ensuring that best neurosurgical care for those in the face of catastrophic events. The establishment of a dedicated trauma group within TNS represents a significant leap forward in enhancing our preparedness and response capabilities during disasters. The invaluable lessons learned in the Kahramanmaraş earthquake have underscored the critical importance of a well-organized and coordinated approach to neurosurgical intervention in times of crisis. The implementation of standardized triage and patient management practices, as outlined in comprehensive guidelines, will further ensure a consistent and effective trauma response across various disaster scenarios.</p>","PeriodicalId":94381,"journal":{"name":"Turkish neurosurgery","volume":" ","pages":"941-945"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142549969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is Subthalamic Nucleus Deep Brain Stimulation Efficacious in Treating Axial Symptoms in Patients with a Suboptimal Levodopa Response?","authors":"Halil Onder, Selcuk Comoglu","doi":"10.5137/1019-5149.JTN.44315-23.2","DOIUrl":"10.5137/1019-5149.JTN.44315-23.2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":94381,"journal":{"name":"Turkish neurosurgery","volume":"34 1","pages":"171"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139571975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Survival Outcome and Prognostic Factors of Primary Spinal Cord Lymphoma.","authors":"Ding Qianjin, Cheng Zhenguo, Wang Yang, Du Baoshun, Sun Laiguang","doi":"0.5137/1019-5149.JTN.41081-22.3","DOIUrl":"0.5137/1019-5149.JTN.41081-22.3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>To identify the predictive factors associated with the survival of patients with a diagnosis of primary spinal cord lymphoma (PSCL).</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database was used in this study, which involved 254 patients with PSCL. Data on the patients' age, sex, race, pathology, Ann Arbor stage, adjuvant therapy, and year of diagnosis were collected. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression models were conducted to detect the predictive variables.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 254 patients, 67 (26.4%) die from lymphoma at the time of data collection. Cancer-specific survival at 1, 3, and 5 years was 81.0%, 74.6%, and 74.1%, respectively. Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBL) was the highest prevalent histotype (n=140, 55.1%). The multivariate Cox regression models revealed that chemotherapy (hazard ratio (HR): 0.47; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.16-0.82; p=0.040) and radiochemotherapy (HR: 0.43; 95% CI, 0.10-0.57; p=0.045) were independent predictors of favorable cancer-specific survival, whereas age - 80 years (HR: 6.51; 95% CI, 1.65-25.64; p=0.003) and DLBL (HR:1.71; 95% CI, 1.02-2.88; p=0.030) were independently associated with poor cancer-specific survival.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The survival outcome of PSCL is favorable in the current treatment strategy. Chemotherapy and radiochemotherapy were predictors of favorable outcomes, whereas older age and DLBL were associated with poor prognosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":94381,"journal":{"name":"Turkish neurosurgery","volume":"34 2","pages":"216-223"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140145017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}