Turkish neurosurgery最新文献

{"title":"Clinical Characteristics and Rehabilitation Results of Traumatic Brain Injury Patients Who Have Early Rehabilitation.","authors":"Hatice Cetin, Birol Onal, Baylar Baylarov, Sacide Kalaycioglu, Esra Dulger, Sevil Bilgin, Ilkay Isikay, Nezire Kose","doi":"10.5137/1019-5149.JTN.44265-23.3","DOIUrl":"10.5137/1019-5149.JTN.44265-23.3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>To examine the clinical characteristics and early rehabilitation results and to investigate the relationship between rehabilitation initiation time and rehabilitation-related outcome measurements in traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients who have early rehabilitation.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>Forty-seven TBI patients who were referred for rehabilitation in the neurosurgery department were enrolled in the study retrospectively. Clinical characteristics and rehabilitation-related outcome measurements including consciousness, functional outcome, daily living activities, functional mobility, and ambulation of all patients were recorded. The paired samples t-test was used to compare data before and after rehabilitation. The relationship between rehabilitation initiation time and the other outcomes was analyzed with Pearson's correlation test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Most of the TBI patients were male (83%) and the severities of the trauma were mostly mild (42%). The causes of trauma were mostly falls (53%). Twenty-three (49%) of the patients underwent surgical intervention. The lengths of time between admission and consultation and between surgery and consultation were 19.82±17.9 and 14.24±15.4 days, respectively. The lengths of stay in intensive care and hospital were respectively 27.32±34.93 and 41.35±32.83 days. The rehabilitation time was 21.50±24.32 days. The before and after rehabilitation results showed that all rehabilitation-related outcome measurements improved significantly (p < 0.001). The relationship between rehabilitation initiation time and the other outcomes was statistically significant (p < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This was a descriptive study in terms of demonstrating the demographic and clinical characteristics of TBI patients who need rehabilitation in the neurosurgery department. Early rehabilitation can enhance the rehabilitation-related outcome including consciousness, functional outcome, daily living activities, functional mobility, and ambulation in TBI patients as soon as their medical condition is stable. Early rehabilitation initiation time is important for improving the rehabilitation-related outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":94381,"journal":{"name":"Turkish neurosurgery","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141862016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of External Magnetic Field on the Efficacy of ADSC Transplantation in Rats with Spinal Cord Injury.","authors":"Jiaqing Xie, Xinwen Qi, Jinjin Hu, Xianhong Yang, Ruoyu Song, Shidi Chen","doi":"10.5137/1019-5149.JTN.45113-23.2","DOIUrl":"10.5137/1019-5149.JTN.45113-23.2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>To assess the effect of intravenously injected superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticle (SPION)-labeled adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) under an external magnetic field on the efficacy of ADSC transplantation in rats with spinal cord injury (SCI).</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>ADSCs were isolated from rats, labeled with SPIONs, and divided into magnetic and non-magnetic groups. A rat model of SCI was established, and SCI rats were randomly divided into magnetic, non-magnetic, and control groups, with ten rats in each group. Rats in the magnetic and non-magnetic groups were injected with SPION-labeled ADSCs via the tail vein. A 300-mT neodymium iron boron magnet was placed externally at the SCI site of the rats in the magnetic group. One and two weeks after successful modeling, SCI rats were scored for the degree of SCI followed by histopathology of the spinal cord, number of ADSCs at the SCI site, and growth-associated protein-43 (GAP-43) expression were determined in the spinal cord tissues.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>One and two weeks after modeling, the Basso-beattie bresnahan (BBB) scores were the highest in the magnetic group, followed by the non-magnetic group, and the lowest in the control group. HE staining showed that the histopathological manifestations of the spinal cord in the magnetic group were somewhat improved compared to those in the non-magnetic and control groups. Two weeks after modeling, Prussian blue staining revealed that the number of ADSCs was significantly higher in the spinal cord tissue of the magnetic group than in that of the non-magnetic group. One and two weeks after modeling, western blotting revealed that the magnetic group exhibited the highest GAP-43 expression.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>An external magnetic field applied at the SCI site in rats exerted a directional effect on SPION-labeled ADSCs, directing their migration and improving the efficacy of stem cell-targeted therapies for SCI.</p>","PeriodicalId":94381,"journal":{"name":"Turkish neurosurgery","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141862017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exogenous Ceramide Treatment Induce Death and Cytotoxicity in Glioma Cells.","authors":"Murat Baloglu, Canan Vejselova Sezer, Gizem Karadağ, Erdal Yayla, Hatice Mehtap Kutlu","doi":"10.5137/1019-5149.JTN.44624-23.3","DOIUrl":"10.5137/1019-5149.JTN.44624-23.3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>To evaluate the cytotoxic and proapoptotic effects of C6 ceramide on the C6 rat glioma cell line.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>The C6 rat glioma cell line was evaluated. Using a confocal microscope and the appropriate software, the cytotoxic effects of C6 ceramide were identified using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H tetrazolium bromide (MTT) colorimetric experiments. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was utilized to examine the ultrastructural changes following treatment with IC50 concentrations of C6 ceramide.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Condensation and fragmentation of nuclei and DNA laddering was observed, indicating apoptotic cell death. C6 ceramide induced apoptosis and effectively caused cytotoxicity in the C6 glioblastoma cells. MTT assay demonstrated > 90% cell death after short-term application of C6 ceramide, confirming its apoptosis-triggering effect. Apoptosis was also confirmed via confocal microscopy and TEM.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Glioblastoma cells undergo apoptosis when exposed to C6 ceramide, which makes it a potential chemotherapeutic agent for the treatment of this aggressive brain cancer.</p>","PeriodicalId":94381,"journal":{"name":"Turkish neurosurgery","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141862018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Redefining Diagnostic Criteria for Basilar Invagination Using Linear Craniometric Parameters.","authors":"Vikrant Yadav, Nityanand Pandey, Anurag Sahu, Ravi Shankar Prasad","doi":"10.5137/1019-5149.JTN.45091-23.2","DOIUrl":"10.5137/1019-5149.JTN.45091-23.2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>To establish the diagnosis of basilar invagination (BI) on the basis of specific bony landmarks Klaus' index (KI), perpendicular distance between the tip of the odontoid process and palato internal occipital protuberance (PI) line.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>Forty-nine patients were analysed, who underwent surgery for BI, between July 2020 and June 2023. Radiological assessment was done in all the patients using reconstructed midsagittal images on computed tomography scans .</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Mean age was 34.82 ± 10.52 years with male preponderance (67.35%) in patients with BI. We also analysed randomly selected 120 control subjects (male: female = 59:61) with mean age 43.5 ± 14.08 years. The mean distance of tip of the odontoid process from PI line in patients with BI was 3.39 ± 3.09 mm. The mean value of KI in the patients with BI was 28.57 ± 1.68 mm. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC)curve was used for analysing the distance of the tip of the odontoid process from PI line in the patients with BI which produced area under curve( AUC) of 0.97 (confidence interval [CI] -0.931 to 0.990, p < 0.0001). Cut-off point of 7.5 mm was identified for the distance of tip of odontoid process from PI line with sensitivity of 89.8% and specificity of 97.5% having 95.27% diagnostic accuracy for BI. ROC curve analysis of value of KI for the diagnosis of BI produced AUC of 1( CI: 0.978 to 1.000, p < 0.0001). Cut-off value of 33.2 mm for KI was identified for diagnosing BI with 100% accuracy.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The distance of tip of the odontoid process from PI line < 7.5 mm and value of KI < 33.2 mm, both of these parameters can diagnose BI with comparable accuracy to most widely used conventional radiological methods.</p>","PeriodicalId":94381,"journal":{"name":"Turkish neurosurgery","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141862025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Surviving the Big One: Turkish Neurosurgical Society's Innovative Disaster Management Model for Istanbul Earthquake.","authors":"Goksal Gunerhan, Zeynep Daglar, Emin Cagil, Ahmet Deniz Belen","doi":"10.5137/1019-5149.JTN.46154-23.2","DOIUrl":"10.5137/1019-5149.JTN.46154-23.2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Turkish Neurosurgical Society (TNS) played a pivotal role in providing critical medical support during the Kahramanmaraş earthquake. Recognizing the urgent need for neurosurgeons, our team collaborated with various institutions to address material shortages and meet medical requirements. However, this experience underscored the necessity of having a comprehensive disaster organization model and a well-defined disaster management plan. TNS should pioneer the creation of a dedicated trauma group to ensure coordination among neurosurgeons in future disasters. Minimize confusion during critical moments, the trauma group will have a regional structure, with smaller subagencies assigned distinct roles and responsibilities. Standardized triage and patient management practices, as defined in the created guidelines, will ensure consistency in trauma response across the board. The wealth of knowledge gained from field experiences will be shared through these guidelines, providing valuable insights for future generations. By proactively establishing a trauma group within the TNS and developing a robust disaster management plan, we aim to strengthen our resilience and enhance the overall effectiveness of neurosurgical response during emergencies. Together, we can pave the way for a more coordinated and efficient approach to disaster relief, ensuring that best neurosurgical care for those in the face of catastrophic events. The establishment of a dedicated trauma group within TNS represents a significant leap forward in enhancing our preparedness and response capabilities during disasters. The invaluable lessons learned in the Kahramanmaraş earthquake have underscored the critical importance of a well-organized and coordinated approach to neurosurgical intervention in times of crisis. The implementation of standardized triage and patient management practices, as outlined in comprehensive guidelines, will further ensure a consistent and effective trauma response across various disaster scenarios.</p>","PeriodicalId":94381,"journal":{"name":"Turkish neurosurgery","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142549969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is Subthalamic Nucleus Deep Brain Stimulation Efficacious in Treating Axial Symptoms in Patients with a Suboptimal Levodopa Response?","authors":"Halil Onder, Selcuk Comoglu","doi":"10.5137/1019-5149.JTN.44315-23.2","DOIUrl":"10.5137/1019-5149.JTN.44315-23.2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":94381,"journal":{"name":"Turkish neurosurgery","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139571975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Survival Outcome and Prognostic Factors of Primary Spinal Cord Lymphoma.","authors":"Ding Qianjin, Cheng Zhenguo, Wang Yang, Du Baoshun, Sun Laiguang","doi":"0.5137/1019-5149.JTN.41081-22.3","DOIUrl":"0.5137/1019-5149.JTN.41081-22.3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>To identify the predictive factors associated with the survival of patients with a diagnosis of primary spinal cord lymphoma (PSCL).</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database was used in this study, which involved 254 patients with PSCL. Data on the patients' age, sex, race, pathology, Ann Arbor stage, adjuvant therapy, and year of diagnosis were collected. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression models were conducted to detect the predictive variables.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 254 patients, 67 (26.4%) die from lymphoma at the time of data collection. Cancer-specific survival at 1, 3, and 5 years was 81.0%, 74.6%, and 74.1%, respectively. Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBL) was the highest prevalent histotype (n=140, 55.1%). The multivariate Cox regression models revealed that chemotherapy (hazard ratio (HR): 0.47; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.16-0.82; p=0.040) and radiochemotherapy (HR: 0.43; 95% CI, 0.10-0.57; p=0.045) were independent predictors of favorable cancer-specific survival, whereas age - 80 years (HR: 6.51; 95% CI, 1.65-25.64; p=0.003) and DLBL (HR:1.71; 95% CI, 1.02-2.88; p=0.030) were independently associated with poor cancer-specific survival.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The survival outcome of PSCL is favorable in the current treatment strategy. Chemotherapy and radiochemotherapy were predictors of favorable outcomes, whereas older age and DLBL were associated with poor prognosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":94381,"journal":{"name":"Turkish neurosurgery","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140145017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is It Meaningful and Necessary to Avoid the Seventh Cervical Vertebra in Long Level Cervical Fusion?","authors":"Jung Jae Lee, Hong Kyung Shin, Sang Ku Jung, Su Bum Lee, Tae Kyu Lee, Jin Hoon Park","doi":"10.5137/1019-5149.JTN.44294-23.3","DOIUrl":"10.5137/1019-5149.JTN.44294-23.3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>To compare the clinical and radiological results of patients who underwent multilevel posterior cervical fusion (PCF) with different end levels (C6 or C7).</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>We collected radiographs and clinical results of all subjects who underwent 3 level or more PCF for degenerative disease from May 2012 to December 2020. Based on the location of the end of fusion during surgery, patients were divided into C6 (group 1) and C7 patients (group 2). The clinical and radiological results of both groups were compared over two years.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 52 patients met the inclusion criteria of this study (21 in group 1 and 31 in group 2). The clinical results demonstrated a statistically significant difference with respect to a lower neck visual analog scale score in group 1 than in group 2 at the last follow-up (p=0.03). With regard to the radiological results, the C2-C7 sagittal vertical axis showed significantly greater values in group 2 than in group 1 at the final follow-up (p=0.02). For thoracic kyphosis (TK), group 2 had lower TK values than group 1 (p=0.03), and the T9 spinopelvic inclination was significantly greater in group 2 than in group 1 (p=0.01).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In this study, aggravation of cervical kyphosis and neck pain was observed when C7 was included in multilevel PCF surgery. The inclusion of C7 also affected the thoracolumbar parameters and global spine alignment.</p>","PeriodicalId":94381,"journal":{"name":"Turkish neurosurgery","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141319427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Treatment Strategy of Unruptured Intracranial Aneurysms in Octogenarian Patients: A Single-Institution Experience.","authors":"Byul Hee Yoon, Yung Ki Park, Jong Hyun Kim, Yong Seok Park, Wonhyoung Park, Jung Cheol Park, Jae Sung Ahn, Joonho Byun","doi":"10.5137/1019-5149.JTN.44994-23.2","DOIUrl":"10.5137/1019-5149.JTN.44994-23.2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>To share our clinical insights into octogenarian patients with unruptured intracranial aneurysms (UIAs) and evaluate the treatment strategies for this demographic.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>A retrospective analysis was conducted on data from 134 patients with a follow-up exceeding 6 months, all enrolled in this study. We assessed the incidence rates (IRs) of aneurysm growth and rupture, along with potential predictors of aneurysm growth.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the 134 patients, 99 (73.9%) underwent conservative management, 25 (18.7%) received coiling, and 10 (7.5%) underwent clipping. The mean age of the cohort was 81.8 years. The middle cerebral artery was the most common location for aneurysms. The mean aneurysm size was 4.9 mm, with sizes significantly larger in the treatment groups (coiling and clipping) compared to the observation group (4.4 mm in the observation group; 5.9 and 7.4 mm in the coiling and clipping groups, respectively). The proportion of aneurysms with a daughter sac was higher in the treatment groups compared to the observation group (6.1% vs. 44% [coiling] and 50% [clipping]). The IR of aneurysm growth was 5.9 per 100 person-years, and that of aneurysm rupture was 0.8 per 100 person-years. No factors were statistically significant for aneurysm growth.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Age alone, especially in individuals over 80 years old, may not be a contraindication for UIA treatment. We recommend considering treatment in octogenarians with high-risk aneurysm features, such as a large aneurysm and the presence of a daughter sac, as the complication rates are low.</p>","PeriodicalId":94381,"journal":{"name":"Turkish neurosurgery","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141319428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Size and Location of Unruptured Intracranial Aneurysms on Self-Reported Headache.","authors":"Juan M Marquez-Romero, Dulce A Espinoza-López, Juan M Calleja-Castillo, Fernando Zermeño-Pöhls, Rogelio Salinas-Gutiérrez","doi":"10.5137/1019-5149.JTN.45018-23.2","DOIUrl":"10.5137/1019-5149.JTN.45018-23.2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>To describe the relationship between aneurysm size and location with the prevalence of headache at diagnosis and three- and six-month follow-up in a sample of patients with UIA.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>In this cohort study, patients were diagnosed with UIAs by digital subtraction angiography (DSA). Follow-up visits occurred three and six months after the diagnosis. Headache presence was registered, and headache was further classified by phenotypes. After DSA, the recorded variables were aneurysm number, morphology, location, and size (diameter [W], neck [N], and dome-neck distance [H]). The aspect ratio (H/N) and the dome/neck ratio (W/N) were calculated. The outcome of this study was the self-reported headache status at follow-up.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Data from 42 patients and 46 aneurysms were available; 81.0% of patients were women, with a mean age of 57.4±14.3 years. Headache was reported by 61.9% of the patients. The pain phenotype was tension-type in 38.1%, migraine in 11.9%, neuralgia in 2.4%, and unclassifiable in 9.5%. The median (min-max) measurements were W=5.05 (0.89-22.9); N=3.02 (0.52-17.9); H=5.08 (0.92-23.0); aspect ratio 1.59 (0.68-17.69) and W/N ratio 1.65 (0.62-16.92). Thirty-three patients (37 aneurysms) received treatment, 47.8% by surgical clipping and 32.6% by endovascular occlusion. In the treated patients, headaches had persisted in 14.3% until the first visit and in 9.5% until the second visit. There were no differences in any registered variables between patients with and without headaches at follow-up.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In this study, data was found that support that headaches in patients with UIAs improve after treatment and that such improvement is probably unrelated to the size and shape of the UIAs.</p>","PeriodicalId":94381,"journal":{"name":"Turkish neurosurgery","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141319425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}