Turkish neurosurgery最新文献

{"title":"EFFICACY AND SAFETY OF GUIDELESS CATHETER PLACEMENT IN REVISION EXTERNAL VENTRICULAR DRAINAGE AND VENTRICULAR SHUNT SURGERY.","authors":"Mustafa Umut Etli, Semra Işik, Ali Zinnar Kaya, Can Berkin Yaraş, Cumhur Kaan Yaltirik, Hüseyin Sarikaya, Luay Şerifoğlu, Furkan Avci, Behrad Aras Nasehi, Ali Fatih Ramazanoğlu","doi":"10.5137/1019-5149.JTN.46944-24.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5137/1019-5149.JTN.46944-24.2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the guideless catheter placement technique in revision surgeries for external ventricular drainage (EVD) and ventricular shunt systems to improve treatment outcomes for hydrocephalus.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>We retrospectively analyzed 111 patients who underwent revision surgeries for EVD or ventricular shunt systems at the *BLINDED FOR REVIEW* from January 2020 to January 2023. Patients' demographic (age, sex) and clinical (cause of hydrocephalus, type of surgery, and postoperative complication rates, specifically for bleeding and catheter malposition) data were extracted from the patient files.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The use of the guideless catheter placement technique significantly reduced postoperative complications, with notably lower rates of bleeding (n = 2, 1.8%) and catheter malposition (n = 5, 4.5%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The guideless catheter placement technique is a viable, cost-effective, and efficient approach for revision surgeries in EVD and shunt systems, which can potentially improve the safety and accuracy of catheter placement, reduce complication rates, and ensure favorable patient outcomes associated with revision surgeries for hydrocephalus.</p>","PeriodicalId":94381,"journal":{"name":"Turkish neurosurgery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142804178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of obesity on subarachnoid hemorrhage-induced cerebral vasospasm: An experimental rat model.","authors":"Baran Can Alpergin, Elif Gökalp, Mustafa Cemil Kilinc, Nermin Aras, Cevriye Cansiz Ersoz, Ihsan Dogan","doi":"10.5137/1019-5149.JTN.47241-24.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5137/1019-5149.JTN.47241-24.3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>Obesity has emerged as a critical risk factor for various cerebrovascular diseases. Studies have demonstrated the detrimental effects of obesity on vascular health, including endothelial dysfunction, inflammation, and oxidative stress, which may exacerbate vascular complications following hemorrhagic stroke. In this study, the effect of obesity on the severity of cerebral vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage was investigated.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>In this study, six experimental groups, each consisting of 10 rats, were defined (60 rats in total). Groups 1 and 2 comprised rats with normal body weight, Groups 3 and 4 comprised obese rats, and Groups 5 and 6 comprised rats that returned to normal body weight after being obese. Rats in Groups 2, 4, and 6, represented the study groups, and experimental SAH was induced in them. Groups 1, 3 and 5 were determined as the control group. Basilar artery lumen areas and wall thicknesses were measured and compared in all groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The luminal area of the basilar artery was significantly reduced in Groups 2, 4, and 6, then in Groups 1, 3, and 5, respectively. This indicated the development of vasospasm. No significant differences were found in the basilar artery luminal areas and wall thicknesses between Groups 1, 3, and 5. However, there were significant differences between Groups 2, 4, and 6. The basilar artery luminal area was significantly smaller in Group 4 than in Groups 2 and 6. There was no significant difference in basilar artery luminal areas between Groups 2 and 6.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study, conducted in rats, elucidated that the severity of vasospasm subsequent to subarachnoid hemorrhage escalated in the presence of obesity, and conversely, a return to normal body weight mitigated the severity of cerebral vasospasm. Prospective clinical investigations ought to scrutinize the correlation between obesity and vasospasm, emphasizing the necessity for vigilant monitoring of vasospasm post-SAH in obese patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":94381,"journal":{"name":"Turkish neurosurgery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142804227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is Unilateral Extended Pterional Craniotomy Preferable Over Bicoronal (Bifrontal) Craniotomy in Large or Giant Olfactory Groove Meningiomas?","authors":"Hakan Yilmaz, Emrah Akcay, Alper Tabanli, Onur Bologur, Cafer Ak, Huseyin Berk Benek, Alaettin Yurt","doi":"10.5137/1019-5149.JTN.46246-24.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5137/1019-5149.JTN.46246-24.3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>Bicoronal incision and bifrontal craniotomy are commonly used for resecting large (4-6 cm) or giant ( 6cm) olfactory groove meningiomas (OGMs). Although the bifrontal approach provides good bilateral visual access to the anterior cranial fossa, it is associated with the risk of injury to the frontal bridging veins and superior sagittal sinus, infection, and CSF leakage due to the frontal sinus neighborhood.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>This was a retrospective review of 16patients (nine men and seven women) with large and giant OGMs operated through unilateral extended pterional craniotomy between 2010 and 2022. The radiological characteristics, clinical features,and surgical outcomes were evaluated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All patients underwent surgical resection via a unilateral extended pterional approach.The mean age of patients was 62.1 years. The most common presenting symptoms were altered consciousness, seizures, headache,and anosmia. Ten (62.5%) and 6 (37.5%) patients had large (4-6 cm) and giant ( 6 cm) OGMs, respectively. The mean tumor diameter was 6.3cm (range:4-9). Simpson grade2 resection was achieved in all 16 patients.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Unilateral extended pterional craniotomy offers a safe and effective alternative to the bilateral coronal approach for large and giant OGMs, minimizing risks of frontal lobe retraction, brain edema, and venous infarction. This approach allows for total resection with very low morbidity and mortality rates, making it a viable surgical approach for these complex tumors.</p>","PeriodicalId":94381,"journal":{"name":"Turkish neurosurgery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142804230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Asymptomatic Purely Intracranial Vagal Schwannoma: Clinical Case Report and Literature Review.","authors":"Zhong Yao, Shuo Xu","doi":"10.5137/1019-5149.JTN.46250-24.2","DOIUrl":"10.5137/1019-5149.JTN.46250-24.2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Vagus nerve schwannoma is an infrequently occurring schwannoma, in which a distinct subtype exists wherein the tumor is confined to the cerebellomedullary cistern without invading the jugular foramen. This unique tumor is called purely intracranial vagal schwannoma. In this case report, we present a case of purely intracranial vagal schwannoma in its asymptomatic early phase, incidentally discovered during surgery performed on a patient with hemifacial spasm. Because of the small size of the tumor, we definitively recognized that it originated from the second rootlet on the caudal side. The tumor was totally resected uneventfully and a favorable prognosis was achieved. Furthermore, we conducted a comprehensive literature review to summarize the classification, origin, and surgical complications associated with this rare tumor type. Based on our literature review, we propose that: 1) the origin of tumor is related to the time of onset of symptoms, 2) nearly all purely intracranial vagal schwannomas can be entirely resected and favorable prognosis can be achieved, and 3) surgeons should be aware of potential cardiovascular complications during surgical procedures.</p>","PeriodicalId":94381,"journal":{"name":"Turkish neurosurgery","volume":" ","pages":"920-925"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141862021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"COVID-19 Vaccine Related Cervical Radiculitis and Parsonage-Turner Syndrome: Comment.","authors":"Hineptch Daungsupawong, Viroj Wiwanitkit","doi":"10.5137/1019-5149.JTN.46655-24.1","DOIUrl":"10.5137/1019-5149.JTN.46655-24.1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":94381,"journal":{"name":"Turkish neurosurgery","volume":" ","pages":"939"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141862023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anatomy of the Petrosphenoidal Ligament and Its Relationship with the Abducens Nerve in Newborn Cadavers.","authors":"Burak Oguzhan Karapinar, Aymen Ahmed Warille, Orhan Bas, Mehmet Emirzeoglu","doi":"10.5137/1019-5149.JTN.44104-23.2","DOIUrl":"10.5137/1019-5149.JTN.44104-23.2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>To examine the anatomy of the petrosphenoidal ligament (PSL), and its relationship with the abducens nerve (AN) in newborn cadavers.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>Using 10 formalin-fixed newborn cadavers, 20 PSLs and ANs on both sides were examined. The structure of each PSL, its morphometric features, and its relationship with the AN were evaluated. For the morphometric measurements, photographs were taken in macro mode and then the ImageJ program was used.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The PSL was usually shaped like a butterfly. The structures of all the ligaments were complete. The PSL was attached to the petrous apex posteriorly and to the clivus or posterior clinoid process (PCP) anteriorly. The mean PSL length was 6.58 ± 1.4 mm. The mean width of the ligament's attachment to the petrous apex was 3.12 ± 0.63 mm. The mean width of the ligament's attachment to the PCP or clivus was 3.12 ± 0.5 mm. The AN was located below the PSL in all the samples. It was usually situated in the 1/3 lateral part under the PSL (70%). The mean diameter of the AN, as located under the ligament, was 0.8 ± 0.12 mm.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The PSL serves as an important anatomical landmark in the petroclival region. In addition, AN is closely adjacent to many anatomical structures such as the trigeminal nerve and internal carotid artery. The increased knowledge obtained through this study on newborn cadavers concerning the anatomy of the PSL and its relationship with the AN will help increase the success of surgical procedures and reduce surgical complications.</p>","PeriodicalId":94381,"journal":{"name":"Turkish neurosurgery","volume":" ","pages":"973-979"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142549949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Outlining the Molecular Profile of Glioblastoma: Exploring the Influence of Subventricular Zone Proximity.","authors":"Hidayet Safak Cine, Ece Uysal, Mehmet Emre Gunaydin, Eren Soguk","doi":"10.5137/1019-5149.JTN.45105-23.3","DOIUrl":"10.5137/1019-5149.JTN.45105-23.3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>To investigate the correlation between specific glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) molecular markers and their proximity to the subventricular zone (SVZ) to uncover potential prognostic indicators and therapeutic strategies.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>The study retrospectively analyzed 171 patients who underwent surgery for supratentorial GBM from 2016 to 2022. GBMs were categorized into SVZ contact (SVZ + GBM) and SVZ noncontact (SVZ-GBM) groups. We analyzed molecular markers, such as IDH1, P53, ATRX, Ki67, GFAP, and Olig2.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>SVZ + GBM tumors were larger (12.2 cm3) than SVZ-GBM tumors (4.8 cm3; p < 0.001). Additionally, IDH1 mutation was negative in 100% of SVZ-GBM tumors; ATRX loss was more prevalent in SVZ + GBM tumors (34.3%) than in SVZ-GBM tumors (4.5%; p < 0.001). There was no correlation between SVZ contact and the p53 value (p=0.134). Furthermore, no difference was observed in the association of the Ki67 proliferation index and Olig2 positivity with SVZ contact (p=0.306, p=0.071, respectively). However, there was a correlation between IDH1 mutation and SVZ contact, with all IDH1-positive tumors showing SVZ contact (p=0.009).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study revealed a correlation between SVZ contact in GBM and specific molecular markers, specifically IDH1 mutation, ATRX loss, and tumor size. SVZ contact could serve as criterion for categorizing GBMs, thus contributing to an improved understanding of the disease and potential therapeutic interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":94381,"journal":{"name":"Turkish neurosurgery","volume":" ","pages":"1009-1015"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142549959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Resection and Surgical Experience on Survival in Patients with Craniopharyngiomas: Endoscopic Transsphenoidal Surgery in Series of 31 Cases.","authors":"Buruc Erkan, Ozan Barut, Ebubekir Akpinar, Mehmet Sait Cil, Suat Demir, Yusuf Kilic, Osman Tanriverdi, Esra Suheda Hatipoglu, Omur Gunaldi","doi":"10.5137/1019-5149.JTN.46067-23.1","DOIUrl":"10.5137/1019-5149.JTN.46067-23.1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>To share the surgical outcomes of 31 patients who underwent endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal surgery (EETS) at a single center.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>This retrospective analysis of 31 craniopharyngioma cases (2013-2022) with a minimum 6-month follow-up included demographic data, preoperative findings, postoperative resection volumes, recurrence rates, pathological diagnoses, and complications.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Herein, 34 EETS surgeries were performed on 31 patients (12 males, 19 females). The presenting symptoms included visual loss (58%), hypopituitarism (54.8%), and diabetes insipidus (25.8%). Gross total resection was achieved in 87% of the patients, with 64.5% total and 22.5% near-total resection. Total resection prevented recurrences, contrasting with 75% recurrence in the subtotal resection patients (p=0.000). The primary patients showed 73.1% total resection, while only 20% of the recurrent patients achieved it (p=0.049). When comparing the first 16 cases with the last 15 cases in terms of surgical experience, the rates of resection (p=0.040) and recurrence-free survival (p=0.020) in the last 15 cases were statistically significant. Patients with preoperative visual loss demonstrated 94.4% improvement or stability postoperatively. Postoperative complications included hypopituitarism (71.4%), permanent diabetes insipidus (60.8%), worsening vision (6.5%), cerebrospinal fluid leakage (9.7%), meningitis (6.5%), and a 3.2% perioperative mortality rate.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study underscores the role of surgical resection in craniopharyngiomas, emphasizing the impact of surgical experience on recurrence-free survival. Primary surgery, with minimal complications and maximal resection, is crucial in managing recurrence challenges. Endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal surgery, particularly in experienced centers, offers advantages such as panoramic vision and access to the third ventricle base, facilitating total and near-total resection and extending recurrence-free survival.</p>","PeriodicalId":94381,"journal":{"name":"Turkish neurosurgery","volume":"34 2","pages":"331-342"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140144992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intracranial Arachnoid Cysts in Adulthood: A Retrospective, Multicenter Magnetic Resonance Imaging-Based Study.","authors":"Murat Zaimoglu, Ozgur Orhan, Baran Can Alpergin, Emre Bahir Mete, Siavash Hasimoglu, Halit Anıl Eray, Alain Wambe Tagni, Elif Peker, Hasan Caglar Ugur, Nur Hursoy, Burcu Budak, Umit Eroglu","doi":"10.5137/1019-5149.JTN.44188-23.3","DOIUrl":"10.5137/1019-5149.JTN.44188-23.3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>To retrospectively evaluate the cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features and determine the incidence of intracranial arachnoid cysts (ACs) based on sex, age, location, size, affected side, Galassi type, and their association with hydrocephalus, mega cisterna magna (MCM), bone erosion, and midline brain shift in 15,108 patients during outpatient headache evaluations.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>Between 2012 and 2022, cranial MRI scans of 15,108 adult patients aged 20-70 years undergoing outpatient evaluations for headaches were retrospectively reviewed to analyze the features of ACs detected incidentally. Patients who had previously undergone a craniotomy or craniectomy were excluded from the study.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The relationship between the location of AC and hydrocephalus did not show statistically significant differences between the supratentorial and infratentorial subgroups (p=0.557). The relationship between the location of AC and MCM showed statistically significant differences between the two groups (p=0.008). MCMs occur more commonly in supratentorial ACs than in infratentorial ACs.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The increased use of MRI in assessing patients with headaches has resulted in an increased detection of ACs. Although managing asymptomatic lesions typically involves periodic follow-ups, symptomatic lesions can sometimes require surgical treatment, such as AC fenestration, cyst aspiration, endoscopic shunt placement, or microneurosurgery.</p>","PeriodicalId":94381,"journal":{"name":"Turkish neurosurgery","volume":" ","pages":"1073-1080"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142549951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Can Qualitative Cervical Tractography Predict Clinical Findings as Effectively as It Aids Surgical Planning Today?","authors":"Zeynep Firat, Osman Melih Topcuoglu, Cumhur Kaan Yaltirik, Aysegul Gormez, Gazanfer Ekinci, Ugur Ture","doi":"10.5137/1019-5149.JTN.46234-24.1","DOIUrl":"10.5137/1019-5149.JTN.46234-24.1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>To investigate cervical spinal tractography (CST) and diffusion tensor imaging findings in patients with intramedullary cervical spinal cord (CSC) tumors and to evaluate the association between qualitative diffusion tensor tractography (DTT) findings and neurological examination findings (NEF).</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>Neuroradiology case records were retrospectively evaluated to identify patients with intramedullary CSC tumors who underwent cervical spinal DTT. Conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and DTT were performed using a 3.0-T MRI system. Demographic data, CST and clinical findings, fractional anisotropy (FA), and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) were recorded. The sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values (PPV and NPV, respectively) were calculated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This study enrolled 31 patients (16 women and 15 men) with a mean age of 35.2 ± 15.6 years (range: 1-70 years). The mean FA and ADC were 0.34 ± 0.45 and 1.88 ± 0.89, respectively. Physical examination revealed hemihypesthesia (19.3%), hemiparesis (16.1%), and quadriparesis (3.2%). Completely normal neurological findings were observed in 61.3% of the patients. DTT revealed deviation (n=15), deformation (n=11), and interruption (n=5) of the fibers. No significant relationship was observed between NEF and DTT findings (p=0.127). The sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV of DTT for CSC tracts were 100%, 0%, 38.7%, and 0%, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Although qualitative DTT of the CSC might be useful for planning and preservation of the fiber tracts during intramedullary tumor surgery, it did not exhibit significant association with clinical findings in this study. Qualitative DTT of CSC in patients with intramedullary tumors may not correlate well with NEF.</p>","PeriodicalId":94381,"journal":{"name":"Turkish neurosurgery","volume":" ","pages":"1066-1072"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142549958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}