Cardiology in the Young最新文献

{"title":"Are all rings created equal? A single centre experience of fetal and paediatric vascular rings.","authors":"Elizabeth E LaSalle, Bruke A Tedla, Fraser Golding, Zaineb Boulil, Heather Y Sun","doi":"10.1017/S1047951125000356","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S1047951125000356","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Vascular rings cause highly variable clinical presentations. This study assesses the impact of prenatal versus postnatal diagnosis on clinical outcomes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a single centre retrospective review of isolated vascular ring patients (without significant CHD) from 2011 to 2022 and compared clinical and operative data between patients with prenatal and postnatal diagnoses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 177 patients, 45% (N = 80) had prenatal diagnosis. Between 2018 and 2022, 78% had prenatal diagnosis compared to 41% from 2013 to 2018 and 4% before 2013 (p < 0.001). 76.3% (N = 135) had a right aortic arch with left ligamentum arteriosum, 22.6% (N = 40) had a double aortic arch, and 1.1% (N = 2) had a left aortic arch with right ligamentum arteriosum. Postnatal diagnosis patients were more likely to have preoperative respiratory symptoms (55.7%), medications (34.0%), or admissions (24.7%) (versus 32.5%, 10.0%, and 11.3% of the prenatal diagnosis patients, <i>p</i> < 0.05) and require surgical repair (68.0% versus 38.8% of prenatal diagnosis patients, <i>p</i> < 0.0001). 54.8% of patients had surgical repair; prenatal diagnosis patients were younger at surgery, 7.5 (3-11) months compared to 16.0 (5-18) months in the postnatal diagnosis patients (p = .0014). Double aortic arch patients were more likely to require surgical repair (90.0%, compared to 44.5% with right aortic arch, <i>p</i> < 1e^-4). Postnatal diagnosis patients had more residual postoperative symptoms (40.9% versus 16.1% in prenatal diagnosis patients, <i>p</i> = 0.01).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Prenatal diagnosis of vascular rings improves clinical surveillance, resulting in earlier surgical repair in symptomatic patients and diminished morbidity. Higher risk double aortic arch patients should have a tailored evaluation pathway.</p>","PeriodicalId":9435,"journal":{"name":"Cardiology in the Young","volume":" ","pages":"702-710"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143514813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative outcome analysis of direct anastomosis and bovine pericardial patch augmentation techniques in arch reconstruction for paediatric patients.","authors":"Mustafa Yilmaz, Basak S Turkcan, Ata N Ecevit, Denizhan Bagrul, Atakan Atalay","doi":"10.1017/S1047951125001301","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S1047951125001301","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The treatment for proximal aortic arch hypoplasia in paediatric patients is still controversial. While some authors favours direct tissue anastomosis, others state that patch augmentation may also be a good alternative. The aim of this study is to compare the results of arch reconstructions using bovine pericardium with the direct anastomosis technique.</p><p><strong>Materials and method: </strong>Paediatric patients who underwent arch reconstruction via median sternotomy between 2019 and 2023 were evaluated. Patients were divided into two groups according to the repair method of arch reconstructions: direct native tissue anastomosis and bovine pericardial patch augmentation. Using perioperative data, the relationship between the surgical method and postoperative morbidity, in-hospital mortality, and the risks for early reintervention was investigated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Between August 2019 and August 2023, 38 paediatric patients underwent arch reconstruction. The average age and weight of the patients were 40 days (15-157.5 days, interquartile) and 3.78 kg (3.2-6.0 kg, interquartile range), respectively. While completely native tissue anastomosis was applied in 18 of the patients (47.4%), bovine pericardial patch was used in arch reconstruction in 20 patients (52.6%). Cross-clamp time was found to be significantly longer in patients using bovine patches (<i>p</i> = .016). No difference was detected between the two surgical methods in terms of postoperative mortality and morbidity factors (<i>p</i> > .05). There was no significant difference between the two surgical procedures in terms of reintervention in the early period after discharge (<i>p</i> = .177).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Although early results of both reconstruction techniques may be promising, their reliability needs to be evaluated in detail with large-scale prospective studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":9435,"journal":{"name":"Cardiology in the Young","volume":" ","pages":"763-769"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143522653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recanalization and interventional stenting of a closed ductus arteriosus in pulmonary hypertension associated with von Hippel-Lindau disease: a case report.","authors":"Emine Gülşah Torun, Denizhan Bağrul, İbrahim Ece","doi":"10.1017/S1047951125001374","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S1047951125001374","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pulmonary arterial hypertension remains a progressive, life-threatening condition despite advances in medical treatments. We report the first case of the interventional creation of a reverse Potts shunt by stenting a closed ductus arteriosus in a four-year-old child with right ventricular failure due to suprasystemic pulmonary arterial hypertension associated with Von Hippel-Lindau disease, unresponsive to triple anti-pulmonary arterial hypertension therapy. Following the procedure, the patient's clinical status and echocardiographic systolic and diastolic right ventricular function improved.</p>","PeriodicalId":9435,"journal":{"name":"Cardiology in the Young","volume":" ","pages":"856-859"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143623623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and prognostic value of malnutrition in adults with Fontan circulation: retrospective cohort study.","authors":"Pablo Meras, Lucia Cobarro, Carlos Merino, Jose Ruiz-Cantador, Santiago Jimenez, Enrique Balbacid, Cesar Abelleira, Raul Moreno","doi":"10.1017/S1047951125001337","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S1047951125001337","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Malnutrition is a relevant prognostic factor in cardiovascular disease. However, it has not been studied in adults with CHD and Fontan circulation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Retrospective, single-centre cohort study including all consecutive adults with Fontan circulation. Objectives: 1. To evaluate the prevalence of malnutrition, defined according to Controlling Nutritional Status score, which includes albumin, lymphocytes, and cholesterol and 2. To assess its utility as a prognostic marker.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We included 93 patients (55.9% male) with a mean age of 32.7 ± 8.3 years. After a median follow-up of 5.5 years (interquartile range 2.2 – 10.6), 14 patients met the combined primary outcome of death or heart transplant (15.1%). Moderate or severe malnutrition (Controlling Nutritional Status score ≥ 5) was detected in 18.3%. Overweight was found in 21.5% of patients, obesity in 4.3%, and low weight in 8.6%, with no significant differences in malnutrition parameters across weight categories. Patients with malnutrition had worse functional capacity (58.8% in New York Heart Association—NYHA-class III–IV, vs. 33.3% in patients without malnutrition, <i>p</i> = 0.05).In univariate analysis, malnutrition was associated with a worse prognosis (death or heart transplant) with a hazard ratio of 3.7 (95% confidence interval 1.3 to 10.7, <i>p</i> = 0.01). In the adjusted model including cyanosis, functional class, and protein-losing enteropathy, malnutrition did not reach statistical significance (<i>p</i> = 0.81).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Malnutrition as defined by Controlling Nutritional Status score is common in adults with Fontan circulation and represents a strong prognostic marker. Controlling Nutritional Status scale could be used in Fontan patients as a simple tool to identify a high-risk population.</p>","PeriodicalId":9435,"journal":{"name":"Cardiology in the Young","volume":" ","pages":"836-841"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143647371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Early outcomes of left bundle branch area pacing in children.","authors":"Şevket Ballı, Pınar Kanlıoğlu, Sultan Bent, Erkan Taş, Onur Arıkan","doi":"10.1017/S1047951125001350","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S1047951125001350","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Left bundle branch area pacing is a recent technique gaining rapid acceptance due to its broader target area and excellent electrical parameters. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the feasibility of left bundle branch area pacing in children and share short-term results.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A retrospective study conducted at a single centre between December 2021 and April 2024 involved 19 children who underwent left bundle branch area pacing using Select Secure leads. The study included echocardiographic evaluations, pacing parameters, and follow-up outcomes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The cohort comprised 10 males and 9 females. Median age was seven years (range 2-18), and median weight was 38 kg (range 13-56). All patients had complete atrioventricular block, with seven having isolated congenital complete atrioventricular block and 12 postoperative complete atrioventricular block. In nine patients, transitioning from epicardial to endocardial pacing resulted in ventricular dysfunction due to chronic right ventricular pacing. The remaining patients received left bundle branch area pacing initially. One patient underwent implantation in a septal position close to the left bundle due to left bundle branch area pacing infeasibility. The median post-procedure QRS duration was 92 msec (range 80-117). Median R wave amplitude, threshold, and impedance values were 14.7 mV (range 13.3-16.8), 0.7 mV (range 0.5-1.1), and 728 ohms (range 640-762), respectively. Atrioventricular (DDD mode) leads were implanted in 10 patients, and ventricular leads (VVIR mode) were implanted in nine patients. Median fluoroscopy dose was 18.7 mGy (13.5-34.52).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Left bundle branch area pacing can be safely conducted in paediatric patients exhibiting a narrow QRS duration and stable pacing parameters.</p>","PeriodicalId":9435,"journal":{"name":"Cardiology in the Young","volume":" ","pages":"726-731"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143613404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Building a sustainable neurocardiac critical care program in a paediatric cardiac ICU: insights and lessons learned.","authors":"Melissa B Jones, Sherrill D Caprarola, Sarah Schlatterer, Mandana O'Donnell, Cara Pleau, Katelyn Staso, Richard A Jonas, Yves D'Udekem D'Acoz, Ricardo Munoz, Jessica L Carpenter, Catherine Limperopolous, Gil Wernovsky","doi":"10.1017/S104795112500037X","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S104795112500037X","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Children with CHD are at increased risk for neurodevelopmental disabilities and neuropsychological impairments throughout their life span. The purpose of this report is to share our experience building a sustainable, novel, inpatient, interdisciplinary Neurocardiac Critical Care Program to mitigate risks and optimize outcomes during the ICU stay.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>A descriptive review was chosen to identify meaningful characteristics, challenges and lessons learned related to the establishment, expansion of and sustainability of Neurocardiac Critical Care Program in a 26-bed pediatric cardiac ICU.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We successfully launched, expanded, and sustained an interdisciplinary Neurocardiac Critical Care Program. Here, we share the foundation, framework, challenges, and lessons learned as we established and sustained the Neurocardiac Critical Care Program. The key elements of our program are (1) consistent engagement by pediatric neurologists in the cardiac ICU, (2) comprehensive education initiatives, (3) evidence-based clinical practice changes, and (4) quality improvement and research projects.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The development of a pediatric Neurocardiac Critical Care Program is feasible and sustainable. This program was informed by recent research related to perioperative and psychosocial risk factors that impact brain development and neurodevelopmental outcomes in this vulnerable population. By aligning our efforts, our multidisciplinary team is helping shift the paradigm in pediatric cardiac critical care to actively manage complex heart disease, while simultaneously and proactively mitigating risks to the developing brain and family unit.</p>","PeriodicalId":9435,"journal":{"name":"Cardiology in the Young","volume":" ","pages":"738-744"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143603898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnostic and interventional cardiac catheterisation performed within the first 72 hours of the postoperative period in congenital heart surgery.","authors":"Amaranta López-Santiago, Antonio Juanico-Enríquez, Chantale Gilles-Herrera, Jose A García-Montes, Carlos Zabal-Cerdeira, Oscar García-Sánchez, Claudia A Pavón-Flores, Sofia De la Cruz-Pérez, Joan S Celis-Jasso","doi":"10.1017/S1047951125000319","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S1047951125000319","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Cardiac catheterisation in the postoperative period emerges as a primary tool, providing effectiveness and safety in diagnosis, treatment guidance, and resolution of major residual lesions.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This is a retrospective case-control study. We collected the clinical records of patients who underwent cardiac catheterisation between January 2003 and December 2022 within the initial 72 hours after surgery in the pediatric cardiac ICU of a national referral hospital in Mexico City. Descriptive, univariate, and multivariate analyses were performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 6,243 surgeries were performed, of which 264 were cardiac catheterizations carried out within the first 72 hours of the postoperative period;these included 73 diagnostic procedures and 191 interventional procedures. One hundred and thirty-five (135) catheterisations targeted recent suture intervention sites. The primary indications for cardiac catheterisation included low cardiac output and the suspicion of major residual lesions. Approximately 65% of interventions occurred within the first 24 hours and solved 426 residual lesions. No significant associations were found between mortality, complications, and the need for surgical reintervention in patients who underwent interventional catheterisation at recent suture sites (OR 1.93;95% CI:0.94-4.07:<i>p</i> = 0.076). Seventeen patients (17) were extubated in the initial 24 hours post-catheterisation. Two major complications were identified: rupture of the systemic-to-pulmonary shunt in the anastomosis, and a pulmonary artery laceration requiring emergency surgery. One patient died.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Cardiac catheterisation has evolved into a vital instrument to diagnose and resolve abnormalities and significant residual lesions without increasing the morbidity and mortality risks.</p>","PeriodicalId":9435,"journal":{"name":"Cardiology in the Young","volume":" ","pages":"824-830"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143662512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adverse events and ICU readmission rates after floor transfer for paediatric patients on ventricular assist device support.","authors":"Kari A Phillips, August Brennan, Michael Profsky, Gregory T Hadfield, Brandon W Kirkland, Caroline Heyrend, Eric R Griffiths, Lindsay J May, Michelle S Ploutz","doi":"10.1017/S1047951125001234","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S1047951125001234","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Paediatric ventricular assist device patients, including those with single ventricle anatomy, are increasingly managed outside of the ICU. We used retrospective chart review of our single centre experience to quantify adverse event rates and ICU readmissions for 22 complex paediatric patients on ventricular assist device support (15 two ventricles, 7 single ventricle) after floor transfer. The median age was 1.65 years. The majority utilised the Berlin EXCOR (17, 77.3%). There were 9 ICU readmissions with median length of stay of 2 days. Adverse events were noted in 9 patients (41%), with infection being most common (1.8 events per patient year). There were no deaths. Single ventricle patients had a higher proportion of ICU readmission and adverse events. ICU readmission rates were low, and adverse event rates were comparable to published rates suggesting ventricular assist device patients can be safely managed on the floor.</p>","PeriodicalId":9435,"journal":{"name":"Cardiology in the Young","volume":" ","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143728709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aortic stiffness assessed by blood pressure and echocardiography in young and normotensive patients with isolated aortic coarctation versus those with aortic coarctation and ventricular septal defect.","authors":"Sophie Duignan, Michaela Pentony, Kevin Patrick Walsh, Colin Joseph McMahon, Pier Paolo Bassareo","doi":"10.1017/S1047951125001362","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S1047951125001362","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Aortic coarctation can occur isolated or associated with ventricular septal defect. This study evaluated aortic stiffness in normotensive patients surgically treated for aortic coarctation and ventricular septal defect and in those who underwent simple aortic coarctation repair. Both groups were compared with healthy controls. Again, the two pathological groups were compared with each other regarding aortic stiffness and left ventricular diastolic function. A possible relationship between aortic stiffness and left ventricular diastolic function was investigated.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twenty-two isolated aortic coarctation patients and 17 aortic coarctation and ventricular septal defect patients were enrolled. Aortic root distensibility and aortic stiffness index were calculated from echocardiography and blood pressure. E wave to A wave (E/A) ratio was measured from mitral valve inflow profile.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Aortic root distensibility and aortic stiffness index in simple aortic coarctation vs healthy controls: both <i>p</i> < 0.0001. Aortic root distensibility and aortic stiffness index in aortic coarctation/ventricular septal defect vs healthy controls: both <i>p</i> < 0.0001. Aortic root distensibility and aortic stiffness index were similar in the two pathological groups (both <i>p</i> = ns). No statistically significant difference was detected in relation to left ventricular diastolic function (<i>p</i> = ns). No correlation was detected between aortic stiffness and diastolic function in simple aortic coarctation and aortic coarctation/ventricular septal defect groups (both <i>p</i> = ns).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In both normotensive isolated aortic coarctation and aortic coarctation/ventricular septal defects subgroups, aortic stiffness is increased in a similar way in comparison with controls. Diastolic function was normal and similar in both groups. Aortic stiffness was not related to left ventricular diastolic function in this specific setting.</p>","PeriodicalId":9435,"journal":{"name":"Cardiology in the Young","volume":" ","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143708549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Developmental language trajectories in children with critical CHD.","authors":"Alexa C Escapita, Anna Caroline Gregg, Kelsey Lambou, Heather Watson, Lawrence Greiten, Brian Reemtsen, Elijah Bolin, Dala Zakaria, Tara L Johnson","doi":"10.1017/S1047951124026301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S1047951124026301","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Medical and surgical advancements have enabled a 95% survival rate for children with CHD. However, these survivors are disproportionately affected by neurodevelopmental disabilities. In particular, they have behavioural problems in toddlerhood. Because there is a known relationship between behavioural problems and early language delay, we hypothesise that children with critical CHD have early detectable language deficits. To test our hypothesis, we performed a retrospective study on a cohort of children with critical CHD to visualise their early language developmental trajectories.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We identified a cohort of 27 children with two diagnoses: single ventricle physiology (19) and transposition of the great arteries (8). As part of their routine clinical care, all of these children had serial developmental evaluations with the language subsection of the Capute Scales. We visualised their developmental language trajectories as a function of chronologic age, and we used a univariate linear regression model to calculate diagnosis-specific expected developmental age equivalents.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In each group, language development is age-appropriate in infancy. Deviation from age-appropriate development is apparent by 18 months. This results in borderline-mild language delay by 30 months.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Using the Capute Scales, our team quantified early language development in infants and toddlers with critical CHD. Our identification of deceleration in skill acquisition reinforces the call for ongoing neurodevelopmental surveillance in these children. Understanding early language development will help clinicians provide informed anticipatory guidance to families of children with critical CHD.</p><p><strong>Social media synopsis: </strong>Children with single ventricle physiology and transposition of the great arteries have measurable early language delays.</p>","PeriodicalId":9435,"journal":{"name":"Cardiology in the Young","volume":" ","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143708700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}