Cardiology in the Young最新文献

{"title":"Atypical presentation of ALCAPA in a young boy: a case report.","authors":"Yifei Ren, Changping Gan","doi":"10.1017/S1047951125100978","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S1047951125100978","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Anomalous origin of the left main coronary artery from the pulmonary artery (ALCAPA) is a rare congenital cardiovascular defect in young children. It is typically diagnosed through direct visualisation of the left coronary artery arising from the main pulmonary artery or observing retrograde flow from the left coronary artery to the main pulmonary artery at angiography or echocardiography. This case highlights the diagnostic challenges of ALCAPA in young kids, where antegrade left coronary artery flow due to pulmonary hypertension masked the anomalous origin on echocardiography. Despite the absence of congenital shunts, long-term severe mitral regurgitation led to pulmonary hypertension, presenting with atypical imaging features. The boy accepted a successful surgical reimplantation of the left coronary artery to the aorta with concomitant mitral valve repair and had significant resolution of symptoms.</p>","PeriodicalId":9435,"journal":{"name":"Cardiology in the Young","volume":" ","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145184661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Breastfeeding infants with CHD: an evidence summary and recommendations from the Cardiac Newborn Neuroprotective Network, a special interest group of the Cardiac Neurodevelopmental Outcome Collaborative.","authors":"Kristin M Elgersma, Jessica A Davis, Shripriya Mohan-ONeill, Shannon R Overpeck, Hema Desai, Jennifer Gauntt, Jairrah L Godsil, Julie K Gray, Brittney D Harris Dixon, Sarah W Hodgson, Cat J Marks, Elizabeth R Mekler, Nashifa H Momin, Kimberly Morris, Kacee M Muller, Karli A Negrin, Virginia L Scheiderer, Nancy L Slater, Nellie M Swanson, Samantha C Butler, Jennifer K Peterson","doi":"10.1017/S1047951125109621","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S1047951125109621","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Human milk and direct breastfeeding provide the optimal, biologically normative nutrition for hospitalised infants, with well-established benefits for immune, gut, cardiac, brain, and maternal health. Despite these benefits, human milk and breastfeeding rates for infants with CHD in high-resource countries are typically low, and there are no formal guidelines to drive CHD breastfeeding practice. Our aim is to (1) summarise the evidence on breastfeeding for infants with CHD, (2) discuss key barriers to and facilitators of breastfeeding in this population, (3) identify critical research and practice gaps to improve breastfeeding care in CHD, and (4) provide recommendations for clinical practice and future research.Primary breastfeeding barriers for infants with CHD include (1) concern for dysphagia/aspiration, (2) concerns related to weight gain, (3) clinical instability/sickness, (4) developmental considerations, (5) general breastfeeding challenges, and (6) workflow and implementation issues, with racism and health disparities also contributing. The evidence to support these barriers is limited and often conflicting. Breastfeeding facilitators for preterm infants are well described, but facilitators may require modification for infants with CHD. Most lactation interventions have not been tested in CHD populations. Current evidence does not support automatic withholding of breastfeeding from infants with CHD; rather, the benefits of breastfeeding likely outweigh many potential concerns. There is a critical need for research and quality improvement to identify interventions that equitably and effectively support breastfeeding for infants with CHD and to evaluate the effect of breastfeeding on short- and long-term physical, psychological, and developmental outcomes for infants and families.</p>","PeriodicalId":9435,"journal":{"name":"Cardiology in the Young","volume":" ","pages":"1-14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145184693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Training and utilisation of volunteers to bolster neurodevelopmental care in paediatric cardiology inpatient units.","authors":"Sherrill D Caprarola, Foster Rosemund, Emily Maloney, Caelah Clark, Rachel Clopton, Jesse Davidson, Sarah Scott, Maya Hunter, Kelly Wolfe, Sarah Kelly","doi":"10.1017/S1047951125109414","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S1047951125109414","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Children with CHD are at risk of neurodevelopmental impairment. Modifiable risk factors associated with hospitalisation that could impact neurodevelopment include being left alone for long periods of time with minimal interaction or opportunity to engage in developmentally appropriate play. Volunteers are an underutilised resource to help the medical team and families support neurodevelopment in cardiac care. Our Cardiac Inpatient Neurodevelopmental Care Optimization or CINCO team aimed to develop a volunteer programme specific to paediatric cardiac inpatient units.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>CINCO volunteers were recruited from the hospital volunteer pool and, in 2022, partnered with the University of Colorado to recruit health profession-interested students from under-represented backgrounds. All underwent hospital volunteer orientation and CINCO-specific training with cardiac child life, including education and shadowing. Volunteers completed an activity log and provided qualitative feedback.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Between September 2021 and October 2024, 43 volunteers were onboarded and worked a total of 754 shifts. There were 2310 patient interactions, with an average of 3 patients seen per shift. Volunteers held patients 1231 times, played with patients 1230 times, and read to patients 780 times.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>A dedicated cardiac volunteer programme is a feasible, low-cost, and low-risk way to enhance neurodevelopmental care for inpatient children with CHD. When parents or caregivers are not present, volunteers participate as therapy extenders and may offset the care burden for nurses. Furthermore, allowing parents breaks may support their mental health, and increasing neurodevelopmental stimulation through volunteer interactions may mitigate disadvantageous aspects of a hospitalisation for neurodevelopment.</p>","PeriodicalId":9435,"journal":{"name":"Cardiology in the Young","volume":" ","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145147711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Creating and implementing a novel international interprofessional bootcamp in paediatric cardiac critical care.","authors":"Candace Mannarino, Dorothy Beke, Louise Callow, Meghan Marie Chlebowski, Justine M Fortkiewicz, Melissa Jones, Megan Matiasek, Mary E McBride, Felina Mille, Jennifer Christine Munoz Pareja, Christine Riley, Zahidee Rodriguez, Lindsey Justice","doi":"10.1017/S1047951125109529","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S1047951125109529","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To determine the feasibility of developing and implementing a multidisciplinary bootcamp for early-career Paediatric Cardiac Critical Care practitioners.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>A one-day pre-conference bootcamp at the Pediatric Cardiac Intensive Care Society Annual Meeting in December 2022.</p><p><strong>Subjects: </strong>Physicians, fellows, nurses, advanced practice registered nurses, and respiratory therapists who work primarily in paediatric cardiac critical care units.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A modified Delphi needs assessment with interprofessional content experts for the development of a mixed didactic and simulation-based bootcamp at the Pediatric Cardiac Intensive Care Society Annual Meeting in December 2022, with pre- and post-testing to evaluate knowledge gain and additional surveys to assess perceived value.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Eighty-three course participants came from a variety of professions and represented institutions nationally and internationally. Most participants (77%) had two or more years of professional experience, aligning with the bootcamp's focus on advanced learners. The bootcamp received strong participant evaluations: 84.1% (37/44) strongly agreed that the bootcamp improved their clinical knowledge. Ninety-seven percent (43/44) reported increased confidence in the ability to care for paediatric cardiac critical care patients. The bootcamp demonstrated a significant improvement in participant knowledge, with pre-test scores averaging 54.9% (95% CI: 49.9-59.9) compared to post-test scores of 64.5% (95% CI: 59.7-69.2), achieving statistical significance (<i>p</i> < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our pilot bootcamp has shown an improvement in immediate knowledge retention with valuable insights gathered to enhance future bootcamps. The results of this advanced interprofessional bootcamp evaluation will inform future iterations for providers in paediatric cardiac critical care.</p>","PeriodicalId":9435,"journal":{"name":"Cardiology in the Young","volume":" ","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145136531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Covered stents for implantation into the right ventricular outflow tract in infants with tetralogy of Fallot/pulmonary atresia with ventricular septal defect.","authors":"Rafał Surmacz, Janez Vodiskar, Daniel Tanase, Stanimir Georgiev, Matthias Sigler, Peter Ewert, Jürgen Hörer, Andreas Eicken, Katarzyna Karolina Gendera","doi":"10.1017/S1047951125109359","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S1047951125109359","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Right ventricular outflow tract stenting is a palliative treatment option in symptomatic infants with tetralogy of Fallot or with pulmonary atresia with ventricular septal defect. Predominantly bare metal stents are used for this procedure. The authors sought to assess the efficacy and safety of using the covered coronary stent grafts for the right ventricular outflow tract stenting.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Between November 2017 and July 2021, the covered coronary stent graft was used to widen the right ventricular outflow tract in 20 symptomatic patients (pulmonary atresia with ventricular septal defect <i>n</i> = 5, tetralogy of Fallot <i>n</i> = 15).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All stent grafts were implanted successfully. The median time of palliation was 156 (43-1578) days. Eleven patients required stent redilation. Fifteen patients required additional stent implantation to relieve a proximal obstruction in the right ventricular outflow tract. There were three complications observed: right ventricular outflow tract perforation (<i>n</i> = 1), stent embolisation (<i>n</i> = 1), and main pulmonary aneurysm (<i>n</i> = 1). Oxygen saturation improved immediately after the procedure. During the follow-up time, all stents were patent, and we observed a significant increase in the diameters of the pulmonary arteries. Sixteen patients had corrective surgery performed with complete and easy removal of the implanted stents.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Stenting of the right ventricular outflow tract with stent grafts was safe and effective and provided a durable method of palliation. Utilisation of the covered coronary stent graft facilitated surgical removal of the implanted stent during the surgical correction.</p>","PeriodicalId":9435,"journal":{"name":"Cardiology in the Young","volume":" ","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145136285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tiny clots, big choices: intervening on neonatal aortic thrombosis-a novel framework for clinical decision-making.","authors":"Alexandros Rahn, Svea Kleiner, Liudmila Belevskaia, Charlotte Mindermann, Ivonne Wieland, Nima Memaran, Doris Franke, Bettina Bohnhorst, Christoph M Happel","doi":"10.1017/S1047951125109724","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S1047951125109724","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Neonatal aortic thrombosis, though rare, is a critical condition with high morbidity and mortality. Spontaneous thrombosis is uncommon, complicating diagnosis due to its similarity to aortic coarctation. Standard treatments include heparinisation and thrombolysis, but severe cases may require interventional or surgical thrombectomy.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This case series examines interventional therapy in neonates with spontaneous aortic thrombosis, focusing on reduced systolic function or organ failure, and evaluates off-label thrombectomy devices.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Three neonates with spontaneous abdominal aortic thrombosis treated at Hannover Medical School between 2017 and 2023 were reviewed. Clinical presentation, diagnostics, treatments, and outcomes were analysed. Treatment involved therapeutic anticoagulation, systemic thrombolysis and interventional thrombectomy using off-label devices. A literature review on interventional thrombectomy in neonates was conducted.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The first neonate, with severe multi-organ failure, died after thrombectomy. The second recovered fully with systemic thrombolysis. The third, critically ill, recovered following successful thrombectomy and thrombolysis. Off-label use of the Amplatzer Vascular Plug II proved more effective than the Amplatzer Piccolo PDA Occluder for managing organised thrombus. A literature review identified seven cases of neonatal aortic thrombectomy using various devices, highlighting interventional thrombectomy as a promising treatment for neonates with cardiac decompensation or imminent organ failure.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>We propose a diagnostic approach for newborns with diminished or absent femoral pulses without structural heart or vascular disease. Interventional thrombectomy is a viable option for neonates with spontaneous aortic thrombosis in life-threatening situations involving decreased systolic function or organ failure. Further studies are needed to evaluate safety and long-term outcomes of catheter-based interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":9435,"journal":{"name":"Cardiology in the Young","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145136631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Survival, clinical, and genetic findings in paediatric cardiomyopathy: a five-year prospective study from Brazil.","authors":"Ana Flávia M Torbey, Raquel G T Couto, Aurea Lucia A A G de Souza, Eduarda C Maia, Gabriella L P da Silva, Virginia L Ferreira, Adriana B Carvalho, Flávia Gurgel, Anna Esther A E Silva, Evandro T Mesquita","doi":"10.1017/S1047951125101522","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S1047951125101522","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Although global knowledge on paediatric cardiomyopathies has advanced, prospective cohort studies from Brazil, particularly those integrating clinical and genetic data, remain limited.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To describe the clinical and genetic characteristics of paediatric cardiomyopathy patients and identify mortality predictors in a metropolitan region of Brazil.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Prospective observational study of paediatric patients with cardiomyopathies. Clinical data, genetic findings, and survival were analysed using Kaplan-Meier curves.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 45 cases, male predominance (55.6%), and mean age at diagnosis of 6.5 years. Dilated and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy were the most common (33.3%). The main reason for diagnosis was the investigation of cardiovascular symptoms (60.9%). Genetic investigation occurred in 66.6%, a positivity rate of 60%. Multi-organ/system involvement was significantly associated with a positive genetic result (77.7%, <i>p</i> = 0.017). Mortality was 11.1%; survival was significantly lower in the following conditions: ejection fraction < 30% (<i>p</i> < 0.0001), functional class III/IV (<i>p</i> < 0.0001), heart failure (<i>p</i> = 0.0091), use of three or more cardiovascular medications (<i>p</i> < 0.001), N-Terminal Pro-B-Type natriuretic peptide >1000pg/mL (<i>p</i> = 0.004), and heart transplant indication (<i>p</i> < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings provide novel data in Brazil, highlight a high rate of positive genetic test, particularly among patients with systemic involvement and identify key clinical predictors of mortality to guide risk stratification and care.</p>","PeriodicalId":9435,"journal":{"name":"Cardiology in the Young","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145136505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mid-term aortic valve outcomes after surgical repair of doubly committed subarterial ventricular septal defect.","authors":"Zhuheng Wu, Lin Xie, Jingyu Liu, Yanlin Yang, Yajiao Li, Changping Gan, Hong Qian, Ke Lin","doi":"10.1017/S1047951125109608","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S1047951125109608","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Data on aortic valve outcomes following surgical repair of doubly committed subarterial ventricular septal defect remain limited.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective study included doubly committed subarterial ventricular septal defect patients who underwent surgical repair at our centre from 2013 to 2023. The primary outcome was the incidence of new-onset aortic regurgitation during follow-up.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 320 patients were included, with a median age of 2.0 (0.9-7.2) years. Among them, 289 patients underwent surgical repair alone (repair group), and 31 received additional aortic valve surgery (repair + aortic valve surgery group). Preoperatively, 58 (18.1%) patients exhibited aortic regurgitation ≥ mild (10.7% in the repair group <i>vs</i> 87.1% in the repair + aortic valve surgery group, <i>P</i> < 0.001). The overall median follow-up was 40.5 (16.0-72.0) months. At the last follow-up, 23 (7.4%) patients had aortic regurgitation ≥ mild (3.8 <i>vs</i> 52.2%, <i>P</i> < 0.001), and 6 (1.9%) had aortic regurgitation > mild (0.3 <i>vs</i> 21.7%, <i>P</i> < 0.001). Sixteen (5.1%) patients developed new-onset aortic regurgitation during follow-up (1.7 <i>vs</i> 47.8%, log-rank <i>P</i> < 0.001), and 6 (1.9%) of them developed new-onset aortic regurgitation > mild (0.3 <i>vs</i> 21.7%, log-rank <i>P</i> < 0.001). Age, ventricular septal defect size, preoperative aortic regurgitation > mild, and maximum aortic valve flow velocity (AVmax) were related to concurrent aortic valve surgery and new-onset aortic regurgitation.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Based on our retrospective data, the mid-term aortic valve outcomes after doubly committed subarterial ventricular septal defect repair were relatively satisfactory, with a low incidence of new-onset aortic regurgitation during follow-up. However, aortic valve outcomes for patients who received concurrent aortic valve surgery were less satisfactory.</p>","PeriodicalId":9435,"journal":{"name":"Cardiology in the Young","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145136558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Progress in the treatment of pulmonary valve regurgitation after repaired Tetralogy of Fallot.","authors":"Zhangwei Wang, Honghao Fu, Shoujun Li","doi":"10.1017/S1047951125109578","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S1047951125109578","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In recent years, late pulmonary valve regurgitation after repair of Tetralogy of Fallot has gradually attracted the attention of scholars at home and abroad. Early pulmonary valve regurgitation may be asymptomatic and even survive for a long time without symptoms. However, long-term pulmonary valve regurgitation and chronic right ventricular volume overload may lead to decreased exercise tolerance, decreased right ventricular ejection fraction, arrhythmia, and sudden death. How to provide standardised, scientific, and individualised treatment strategies and life-cycle health services for repaired Tetralogy of Fallot patients with long-term pulmonary valve regurgitation has become a challenge for CHD surgeons around the world. This review summarises the pathophysiological mechanism of pulmonary valve regurgitation after repaired Tetralogy of Fallot, the preoperative diagnosis and evaluation of the severity of pulmonary valve regurgitation, the prevention of initial repair of Tetralogy of Fallot before pulmonary valve regurgitation, the determination of the intervention time of severe pulmonary valve regurgitation, the selection of the optimal intervention strategy, and the prospect of the future general clinical application of tissue engineering valved conduits, which are helpful to improve the long-term prognosis and quality of life of patients with repaired Tetralogy of Fallot.</p>","PeriodicalId":9435,"journal":{"name":"Cardiology in the Young","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145124310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ductal stenting for hypoplastic left heart syndrome with right aortic arch associated with 20q11.2 microdeletion syndrome.","authors":"Yoko Kawai, Yusuke Kita, Shinichiro Oda","doi":"10.1017/S1047951125109657","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S1047951125109657","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hypoplastic left heart syndrome with a right aortic arch is rare, and performing the Norwood procedure in these cases is challenging. Here, we describe a 3-month-old patient with hypoplastic left heart syndrome having a right aortic arch accompanied by a 20q11.2 microdeletion. Because of cardiac dysfunction, ductal stenting was performed to avoid an early infantile Norwood procedure.</p>","PeriodicalId":9435,"journal":{"name":"Cardiology in the Young","volume":" ","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145124284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}