Recent advances in drug delivery and formulation最新文献

{"title":"A Regulatory and Formulation Perspective on Fixed-Dose Combinations (FDCs).","authors":"Manisha S Jain, Ravi Kumar Reddy Juturi, Prakash S Goudanavar, Prasiddhi Naik","doi":"10.2174/0126673878406274251229062241","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0126673878406274251229062241","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Fixed-Dose Combinations (FDCs) combine two or more active components into a single dosage form, addressing active ingredient incompatibilities and enabling diverse release profiles through innovative formulation strategies. They enhance patient compliance, target multiple disease pathways for synergistic effects, and are increasingly important for global health priorities.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This review synthesizes recent literature, regulatory updates, and clinical evidence on FDCs, focusing on advanced formulation approaches, manufacturing processes, market trends, and post-marketing evaluations. Regulatory frameworks from the USFDA, EMA, and CDSCO were compared to identify approval pathway differences and opportunities for harmonization.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Innovative dosage forms, including co-crystallization, soft gelatin capsules with liquid actives, and cardiovascular polypills, have demonstrated improved therapeutic outcomes and costeffectiveness. In India, FDCs dominate antibiotic use both clinically and economically. Comparative regulatory analysis revealed significant procedural variations, potentially impacting global adoption. Clinical and post-market data confirm the safety, efficacy, and practicality of approved FDCs, supporting their role in addressing unmet medical needs.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>FDCs simplify complex regimens, improve adherence, and can facilitate the introduction of first- and best-in-class medicines. However, challenges include formulation instability, analytical difficulties in multi-component quantification, manufacturing complexity, and compliance monitoring. Balancing innovation with robust regulatory oversight and fostering international collaboration will be essential for maximizing their potential. This review provides a comprehensive understanding of the evolving FDC landscape, guiding stakeholders in strategic development and implementation for improved healthcare outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":94352,"journal":{"name":"Recent advances in drug delivery and formulation","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147494982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nanozymes: The Emerging Frontier in Catalytic Nanomaterials and Their Therapeutic Applications.","authors":"Ashish Kumar Parashar, Anu Hardenia, Pratibha Bhide, Sunil Kumar Dwivedi, Purvi Chaturvedi, Asraf Khan","doi":"10.2174/0126673878406314251127055108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0126673878406314251127055108","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Artificial nanomaterials known as nanozymes, which possess inherent enzyme-mimetic characteristics, have transformed environmental research, biomedicine, and catalysis. Compared with natural enzymes, nanozymes are advantageous due to their high stability, low cost, and adaptability. They exhibit oxidation, reduction, peroxidation, and superoxide dismutation activities, which are essential for environmental remediation, disease therapy, and biological diagnostics. Recent developments have further broadened their catalytic capabilities. Nanozyme-based biosensors offer high sensitivity and rapid detection of biomarkers for diseases such as cancer, diabetes, and infectious disorders, significantly improving early disease diagnosis. In therapeutics, nanozymes play a critical role in regulating oxidative stress, enabling targeted drug delivery, and supporting antibacterial treatments. Their ability to mimic peroxidase and catalase activities has greatly enhanced photodynamic therapy, immunotherapy, and neuroprotection strategies. Despite these advances, challenges remain in improving catalytic efficiency, biocompatibility, and target specificity. Safe clinical translation requires addressing issues related to immunogenicity, long-term toxicity, and controlled biodegradability. Advances in surface modification, functionalization, and AI-driven nanozyme design have improved selectivity and therapeutic performance. Integrating nanozymes with bioinformatics, artificial intelligence, and nanomedicine has opened new avenues for precision healthcare, including real-time disease monitoring and personalized treatment strategies. This review highlights the transformative impact of nanozymes in industrial and medical applications by examining recent advances, challenges, and future prospects in the field. With continued development, nanozymes have the potential to revolutionize enzyme-based technologies, making them indispensable to modern science and medicine.</p>","PeriodicalId":94352,"journal":{"name":"Recent advances in drug delivery and formulation","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147461531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microneedle-based Transdermal Patch: A Novel Strategy for Hyperpigmentation Treatment.","authors":"Ayushi Yadav, Nakul Gupta, Md Sarfaraz Alam, Shreyasi Thakur","doi":"10.2174/0126673878401201251128051218","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0126673878401201251128051218","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Excess melanin deposition causes hyperpigmentation, a common dermatological disorder that leads to skin discoloration and an uneven skin tone. Traditional therapies such as topical creams and chemical peels have limitations due to insufficient skin penetration, lengthy treatment durations, and potential adverse effects. Transdermal drug administration has emerged as a viable alternative, offering improved therapeutic effectiveness, sustained release, and enhanced drug absorption. Among transdermal systems, microneedle-based patches have gained significant interest because of their ability to deliver active compounds directly through the skin, bypassing the stratum corneum. This study examines recent advancements in transdermal delivery for hyperpigmentation treatment, with a focus on dissolving microneedle (DMN) patches. Research indicates that DMN patches containing niacinamide, glabridin, and tranexamic acid exhibit greater skin-lightening effects than traditional topical formulations. Clinical studies have validated their safety, efficacy, and ability to reduce melasma and post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation with minimal side effects. Furthermore, novel polymeric formulations enhance drug absorption and stability, optimizing therapeutic outcomes. The use of multifunctional components, targeting tyrosinase inhibition, oxidative stress reduction, and melanin transfer, further improves depigmentation efficacy. The paper also highlights how emerging carriers, such as tetrahedral framework nucleic acids (tFNAs), may enhance drug delivery efficiency. As transdermal technologies continue to advance, microneedlebased approaches hold strong potential to transform hyperpigmentation treatment by providing a highly effective, non-invasive, and patient-friendly therapeutic option. Future research should focus on expanding clinical applications and refining formulation parameters to maximize benefits across diverse skin types.</p>","PeriodicalId":94352,"journal":{"name":"Recent advances in drug delivery and formulation","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147461548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Brief Review on the Green Synthesis of Metal Nanoparticles and Their Therapeutic Potential.","authors":"Bramhajit Chatterjee, Piyali Khamkat, Subarna Mahanti, Swarupananda Mukherjee, Vivek Barik, Subhadip Das, Akash Maity, Dipanjan Karati","doi":"10.2174/0126673878405539251127053105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0126673878405539251127053105","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Nanoparticles are now well-known in several medical domains, including biomedical research. On account of their biocompatibility and stability, green synthesis, which is a process for the production of nanoparticles that is favourable to the environment, has garnered substantial attention. The process of green synthesis is not only an environmentally friendly alternative, but also provides a route to the production of potent medicinal molecules. Green nanotechnology has a bright future, as it has the potential to improve medical treatment and promote environmental sustainability by harnessing the force of nature. The therapeutic applications of inorganic nanoparticles derived from natural resources such as bacteria, fungi, and plants are investigated in this review. In the realm of nanoparticles, gold, silver, and platinum are considered the most significant. Each of these three elements possesses distinctive qualities that render it suited for particular medical uses. As a more environmentally friendly and sustainable alternative to conventional medications, the review highlights the promise of green synthesis.</p>","PeriodicalId":94352,"journal":{"name":"Recent advances in drug delivery and formulation","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146055579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Controlled Release Ultrasonic-Coated Drug-Eluting Stent with Multilayers of Chitosan and Curcumin.","authors":"Jeremia Frandy Apitalau, Dyah Listyarifah, Adhyatmika -, Eka Noviana, Heribertus Dedy Kusuma Yulianto","doi":"10.2174/0126673878409943251202182512","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0126673878409943251202182512","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>In clinical practice, several commercial drug-eluting stent products have limitations during the early drug-release phase due to the phenomenon of initial burst release (IBR), which may increase the risk of restenosis. This experimental study utilized a multilayer strategy with genipin-crosslinked chitosan as the polymer and curcumin as the drug to address these limitations.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Based on the forward speed of the rotary drive (7, 8, and 9 mm/s), ultrasonic coating was used to create uniform layers, followed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and a release study. Validation of the analytical method confirmed the reliability of the UV-Vis spectrophotometric technique.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The release data modeled with the Korsmeyer-Peppas model show Super Case II transport via relaxation/erosion. The Peppas-Sahlin model indicates that Fickian diffusion dominated the first 6-7 days, after which polymer relaxation became dominant. At 9 mm/s, Fickian diffusion persisted for up to seven days, whereas at 7 and 8 mm/s, it was limited to the first six days.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The multilayer system maintains matrix integrity during drug release, preventing initial burst release. Once the mechanism shifts from diffusion to relaxation, no burst is observed. The zero-order model fit confirms that the design reflects a controlled-release profile.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The strategy demonstrates controlled release without initial burst.</p>","PeriodicalId":94352,"journal":{"name":"Recent advances in drug delivery and formulation","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146055635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel Approaches in Targeted Drug Delivery for Treatment of Neuropathy.","authors":"Abhinav Kumar Tiwari, Sarthak Dahiya, Ariba Khan, Priyanka Saroj, Mahendra Yadav","doi":"10.2174/0126673878372806251128113526","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0126673878372806251128113526","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Neuropathy, a devastating disorder of the peripheral nervous system, results in pain, numbness, and weakness, profoundly impacting quality of life. Conventional therapies provide insufficient alleviation, requiring targeted drug delivery systems (TDDS) to improve effectiveness and reduce adverse effects. This review examines diverse TDDS methodologies, encompassing intrathecal therapy, radiofrequency ablation, and spinal cord stimulation, in conjunction with innovations in nanotechnology-driven delivery systems. Nanotechnology offers a novel framework for neuropathy treatment, including nanomaterials such as dendrimers, micelles, polymer nanoparticles, liposomes, hydrogels, and quantum dots. These carriers enhance drug encapsulation, cellular absorption, and sustained release, thereby improving therapeutic efficacy and minimizing systemic toxicity. Gene therapy presents a promising approach, targeting the modulation of neuropathic pathways and facilitating neuron regeneration. Although it remains in preliminary research stages, it holds potential for future therapies, especially in diabetic neuropathy. Moreover, transdermal drug delivery offers a non-invasive method to deliver drugs directly to targeted regions, enhancing bioavailability and patient adherence. The integration of nanotechnology, gene therapy, and transdermal administration has the potential to transform neuropathy treatment by providing more accurate and effective medicines. A multidisciplinary approach is essential to fully exploit the promise of TDDS and improve care and quality of life for patients with neuropathy.</p>","PeriodicalId":94352,"journal":{"name":"Recent advances in drug delivery and formulation","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146055652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Drug Delivery Strategies for the Management of Attention-deficit/ Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): A Case of Differentiated Product Development of Methylphenidate.","authors":"Shubham Kamble, Ganesh Deshmukh, Paras Jain, Abhishek Jha, Sanjeevani S Deshkar","doi":"10.2174/0126673878346123250515065256","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0126673878346123250515065256","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>ADHD is a common condition that affects many kids in the United States, about 2 to 18 percent of children between 6 and 17 years old. ADHD manifests as hyperactivity, impulsivity, and inattention, impacting various aspects of life. Effective management involves a combination of psychostimulant medication, such as methylphenidate, and behavioral therapy. Modified-release formulations, including chewable tablets, transdermal patches, and osmotic-controlled release tablets, offer improved treatment adherence and overall quality of life. Understanding the pathophysiology involves neuroimaging studies that reveal alterations in brain regions rich in dopamine receptors. Methylphenidate, a common ADHD medication, works by inhibiting dopamine reuptake, thereby increasing extracellular dopamine levels. Different drug delivery systems, such as extended-release chewable tablets, transdermal patches, and OROS formulations, provide diverse options for individual needs. The advent of innovative formulations like methylphenidate hydrochloride extendedrelease oral suspension (Quillivant ER) and methylphenidate hydrochloride multilayer extendedrelease capsules (Aptensio XR) addresses challenges in pediatric medication administration. Recent additions like the orally disintegrating tablet (Cotempla X-ODT) offer convenience and flexibility. Understanding the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and benefits of these formulations enhances the ability to tailor ADHD treatment to individual patient needs.</p>","PeriodicalId":94352,"journal":{"name":"Recent advances in drug delivery and formulation","volume":" ","pages":"105-116"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144145395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nanosponges in Detoxification: Strategy for Toxin Removal and Drug Overdose Management.","authors":"Nishtha Sakhuja, Khushi, Chirag Jain, Shikha Baghel Chauhan, Indu Singh","doi":"10.2174/0126673878375572250629214237","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0126673878375572250629214237","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A potential class of cutting-edge medication delivery devices, nanosponges have become an effective tool for managing drug overdoses and detoxification. The capacity to adsorb and sequester a variety of toxins, such as heavy metals, bacterial endotoxins, and medications, makes these highly porous, biocompatible, and biodegradable particles-which are usually made from crosslinked polymers-an effective way to remove toxins. Nanosponges' adaptability enables their use in a number of sectors, including drug-resistant illness treatment, environmental remediation, and acute poisoning treatment. Detoxification and targeted drug release for diseases like cancer, heart disease, and neurological problems are made possible by the controlled delivery of therapeutic substances using nanosponges. With a focus on their capacity to improve medication bioavailability and lower systemic toxicity, this study examines the mechanism of action, design approaches, and therapeutic potential of nanosponges in detoxification. The paper also discusses new developments in the sector, such as how they can be used to treat drug overdoses and how nanosponges can help stop and lessen the negative effects of environmental contaminants. Despite its potential, there are still obstacles to overcome in order to maximize nanosponges' manufacturing, scalability, and regulatory acceptance. In order to optimize their potential in therapeutic treatments, this review attempts to give a thorough overview of the most recent advancements in detoxifying nanosponges, their clinical uses, and future research objectives.</p>","PeriodicalId":94352,"journal":{"name":"Recent advances in drug delivery and formulation","volume":" ","pages":"117-136"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144677127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nanorobots: Trailblazing the Future of Pharmaceuticals Through Targeted Therapy and Disease Monitoring.","authors":"P Sree Ranjani, S Sangeetha, K K Suriya Prakaash, N Damodharan","doi":"10.2174/0126673878372947250731061921","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0126673878372947250731061921","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>This review explores the design principles, sensor mechanisms, and propulsion systems of nanorobots, highlighting their applications in targeted drug delivery, disease monitoring, and broader biomedical fields. The objective is to provide a comprehensive overview of how nanorobots transform pharmaceutical delivery systems and precision therapy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A structured literature search was conducted using electronic databases, including Pub- Med, Scopus, and Web of Science. Keywords such as Nanorobots, Nanorobot propulsion, Biosensors, Magnetically driven nanorobots, Electric field-driven nanorobots, Biomedical applications, and Enzyme-driven nanorobots were used. Articles published between 2010 and 2024 were considered. Inclusion criteria involved peer-reviewed articles focusing on nanorobot design, propulsion systems, sensor mechanisms, and clinical applications. Non-English articles and non-peer-reviewed content were excluded.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 212 relevant studies were initially identified through a comprehensive search across PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. After applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, 94 studies were selected for final analysis, focusing on the integration of sensors, propulsion systems, and energy sources in nanorobots.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The review revealed that nanorobots utilize advanced sensor systems (nanocantilevers and biosensors) for molecular recognition and site-specific targeting. These sensors detect biochemical and mechanical changes, aiding precise navigation. Powered by external forces (magnetic, electric, light, ultrasound) or internal biochemical energy (enzymatic or chemical reactions), propulsion mechanisms enable controlled movement and drug delivery. Nanorobots constructed from silicon, polymers, and piezoelectric compounds exhibit functional adaptability. Their applications span targeted drug delivery, oncology, neurosurgery, vascular medicine, and environmental remediation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Nanorobots represent a trailblazing pharmaceutical innovation, offering highly specific, efficient, and minimally invasive drug delivery and disease monitoring capabilities. Their combination of biosensing and propulsion mechanisms enhances targeted delivery and clinical efficacy. Continued development in nanorobotic systems holds the potential to revolutionize clinical treatments and improve patient outcomes across multiple therapeutic domains.</p>","PeriodicalId":94352,"journal":{"name":"Recent advances in drug delivery and formulation","volume":" ","pages":"207-220"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144984924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lipid Microspheres for Topical Delivery of Norfloxacin: Development and Evaluation.","authors":"Aruna Murugan, Niserga D Sawant, Vasanti Suvarna, Namita D Desai","doi":"10.2174/0126673878348440250422045340","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0126673878348440250422045340","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The objective of the present study was the development and evaluation of Norfloxacin lipid microspheres as topical gels for adjunct therapy to overcome complex clinical challenges presented by moist, thermally coagulated burn wounds.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Norfloxacin-loaded lipid microspheres were prepared using the melt diffusion technique with Compritol ATO HD5, stearic acid, Tween 20, Span 80, and Transcutol P and incorporated into topical gels formulated with Carbopol 971P NF.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The lipid microspheres exhibited an average size of 65.22+23.39 μm and drug entrapment efficiency of 81.58 ± 0.81%. The scanning electron microscopy confirmed spherical particle morphology, while differential scanning calorimetry indicated the amorphous nature of norfloxacin within the microspheres. <i>In vitro</i> studies demonstrated an extended release of norfloxacin, with 72.33 ± 1.46% released from microspheres and 63.18 ± 1.24% from topical gels after 8 hours. Ex vivo studies revealed 28.16 ± 0.63% of norfloxacin permeating through second-degree burnt porcine skin and 21.12 ± 1.38% through intact porcine skin after 8 hours from topical gels. In vitro antibacterial studies indicated a lower MIC₉₀ for the lipid microspheres compared to the pure drug.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The melt diffusion technique yielded micron-sized spherical particles with a drug entrapment efficiency exceeding 80%. <i>In vitro</i> and <i>ex vivo</i> studies confirmed the extended release and enhanced permeation of norfloxacin. Furthermore, <i>in vitro</i> antibacterial evaluations demonstrated increased effectiveness of the microspheres, attributed to improved solubility and sustained drug release.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The approach shows promise in enhancing Norfloxacin availability for managing burn wound complexities. However, preclinical, clinical, and regulatory evaluations are required to establish the utility of the proposed approach. Further investigations into its application for other types of chronic or infected wounds could broaden its therapeutic potential.</p>","PeriodicalId":94352,"journal":{"name":"Recent advances in drug delivery and formulation","volume":" ","pages":"66-79"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144056905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}