Phlebology最新文献

{"title":"Does ablation of non-incompetent veins in the leg reduce recurrence?","authors":"Jessica Bowie, Marwah Salih, Sarah Onida, Alun H Davies","doi":"10.1177/02683555251347050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02683555251347050","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":94350,"journal":{"name":"Phlebology","volume":" ","pages":"2683555251347050"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144176267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bibliometric analysis of ultrasonographic research on deep vein thrombosis.","authors":"Hui Qin, Jing Zhou, Yue Zhang, Pan Hu, Ying Sun","doi":"10.1177/02683555251345066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02683555251345066","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BackgroundDeep vein thrombosis (DVT) is a significant health concern, early diagnosis and treatment are essential for reducing morbidity and mortality. Over recent years, ultrasound has become the preferred diagnostic tool for DVT due to its non-invasive nature, real-time imaging capability, and high accuracy. This study aims to assess the state of ultrasound-based DVT research through bibliometric analysis.MethodsA bibliometric analysis was conducted on publications related to ultrasonographic research in DVT between 1995 and 2024. Data were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection using specific search terms. The analysis employed tools such as VOSviewer, R-bibliometrix, and CiteSpace to assess publication trends, country and institutional contributions, collaboration networks, and emerging research topics.ResultsA total of 10,669 publications were identified, with an annual growth rate of 12.61%. The USA had the highest number of publications (2689), and Harvard University was the most productive institution with 470 publications. The most prolific author was Gary S. Mintz (96). The leading journal in the field was the <i>Journal of Vascular Surgery</i>, with 261 publications. Keyword analysis identified \"thrombosis,\" \"ultrasound,\" and \"diagnosis\" as central themes. The frequency of these keywords indicates that the research primarily focuses on various aspects of thrombosis formation mechanisms, diagnosis, management, prevention, and treatment.ConclusionThis bibliometric study provides a comprehensive overview of the growing field of ultrasound-based DVT research, highlighting key contributions from leading countries and institutions. The continued advancement of imaging technologies and a focus on personalized treatments are expected to drive future research.</p>","PeriodicalId":94350,"journal":{"name":"Phlebology","volume":" ","pages":"2683555251345066"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144121922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"May-Thurner syndrome diagnosis and management with concurrent lymphedema.","authors":"Christina Kapsalis, Annie J Bright, Janit Leonard, Fernando Mijares Diaz, Saigopala Reddy, Blair Byrd, Pragna Shetty, Adeyemi Ogunleye","doi":"10.1177/02683555251345061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02683555251345061","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BackgroundMay-Thurner syndrome (MTS) is an anatomical anomaly characterized by compression of the left common iliac vein (LCIV) by the right common iliac artery (RCIA) presenting with left lower extremity swelling and venous hypertension. Persistent symptoms after MTS treatment often lead to referral for lymphedema workup to explore non-venous causes. We aimed to describe the presentation of MTS and the findings from the lymphedema workup.MethodsA retrospective review was conducted of patients with MTS and lower extremity lymphedema workup between 2013 and 2022 at a public academic hospital. Demographic data, diagnostic information, treatment details, and outcomes were collected. Descriptive statistical analysis was performed.ResultsOf 523 patients identified, 390(75%) were female, 133(25%) male with a mean BMI of 29.6 kg/m². Mean age at diagnosis and symptom onset was 54.9(±17.1) and 47.6 (±18.2 )years, respectively. 465 patients (89%) were treated operatively with a combination of stenting, venoplasty, and thrombolysis while 47 (9%) were managed conservatively with compression garments and/or anticoagulation only. The LCIV was most commonly affected, followed by the left external iliac vein. The predominant symptoms were lower extremity deep vein thrombosis in 341 (65%) patients, lower limb edema in 286 (54%), and varicose veins in 129 (24.6%). Of six patients with lymphedema workup, three(50%) showed asymmetric or delayed uptake on lymphoscintigraphy and the remaining three had normal studies.ConclusionIn our study, May-Thurner syndrome was an uncommon but significant cause of lower extremity swelling and venous thromboembolism, especially in middle-aged females. Patients with persistent symptoms after intervention may benefit from diagnostic workup for lymphedema and treatment. More research is needed on the co-occurrence of lymphedema with MTS and its pathophysiology.</p>","PeriodicalId":94350,"journal":{"name":"Phlebology","volume":" ","pages":"2683555251345061"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144112801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Shockwave therapy in lipedema patients: A prospective study.","authors":"Agostino Bruno, Matteo Cilluffo","doi":"10.1177/02683555251343155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02683555251343155","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Postoperative fibrosis is a common and significant complication following liposuction for lipedema, often leading to tissue induration, pain, and compromised aesthetic results. This fibrosis can jeopardize the overall success of the procedure by reducing skin elasticity and altering the intended body contour.<b>Objective:</b> This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of early shockwave therapy (SWT) initiated 1 week after surgery to reduce postoperative fibrosis and preserve the functional and aesthetic outcomes of liposuction in lipedema patients. <b>Methods:</b> A prospective study was conducted on 50 female patients with stage II-III lipedema who underwent power-assisted liposuction (PAL). Patients received SWT sessions three times per week for 3 weeks, starting 7 days postoperatively. Outcomes were compared to a control group of 25 patients who did not receive SWT. Primary endpoints included fibrosis severity assessed by ultrasound elastography, skin elasticity measurements, and patient-reported outcomes on pain and satisfaction. The SWT group exhibited a significant reduction in fibrosis (2.1 ± 0.3 vs 3.8 ± 0.5, <i>p</i> < .001), improved skin elasticity (1.5 ± 0.2 mm vs 1.0 ± 0.3 mm, <i>p</i> < .01), and lower pain scores (2.3 ± 0.8 vs 4.7 ± 1.2, <i>p</i> < .001) compared to the control group. <b>Results:</b> Patient satisfaction was also higher in the SWT group (92% vs 68%, <i>p</i> < .01). <b>Conclusion:</b> Early postoperative shockwave therapy is an effective and safe treatment to reduce fibrosis after liposuction for lipedema. By modulating fibroblast activity, reducing pro-inflammatory cytokines, and improving tissue perfusion, SWT preserves the surgical outcomes and enhances patient satisfaction. These findings suggest that integrating SWT into postoperative protocols could be a valuable strategy to optimize liposuction results in lipedema patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":94350,"journal":{"name":"Phlebology","volume":" ","pages":"2683555251343155"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144103385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of multimodal exercise program on edema, pain, exercise capacity, lower extremity muscle strength and function in patients with lipedema.","authors":"Elif Sakizli Erdal, Canan Ergin, Miray Haspolat, Burak Erturk, Ilke Keser","doi":"10.1177/02683555251343148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02683555251343148","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objectives:</b> This study aimed to examine the effects of a multimodal exercise program on edema, pain, exercise capacity, lower extremity muscle strength, and function in patients with lipedema.<b>Methods:</b> The patients diagnosed with lipedema were randomly assigned to either the exercise (<i>n</i>: 11) or control (<i>n</i>: 11) groups. The exercise group participated in supervised group exercises focusing on aerobic and strengthening, twice a week for 6 weeks. The control group received training on physical activity additionally lipedema management. Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics were recorded. Edema (circumference measurements and local tissue water-LTW%), pain intensity (Visual Analogue Scale-VAS) and pressure pain threshold (Algometer), functional exercise capacity (Six minute walk test-6MWT), lower extremity muscle strength (Handheld dynamometer), lower extremity muscle strength/endurance (Sit-to-stand test) and lower extremity function (Lower Extremity Functional Scale-LEFS) were evaluated.<b>Results:</b> In the exercise group, significant reductions in pain during rest, activity, and nighttime, 6MWT distance, quadriceps and hip muscle strength, lower extremity strength/endurance, and function were observed (<i>p</i> < .05). When comparing the groups, no significant differences were found (<i>p</i> > .05); however, clinically, there were differences in limb volumes, pain reduction, muscle strength, and functional improvements, with medium to large effect sizes.<b>Conclusion:</b> The main findings of this study highlight the benefits of structured multimodal exercises for patients with lipedema to improve pain, limb volumes, exercise capacity, lower extremity muscle strength, endurance, and functionality.<b>Clinical trials number:</b> NCT06811961.</p>","PeriodicalId":94350,"journal":{"name":"Phlebology","volume":" ","pages":"2683555251343148"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144083131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A systematic review and meta-analysis of venous thromboembolism risk in surgical patients with recent air travel.","authors":"Jessie Shea, Avik Ghosh, Benedict Rh Turner, Alun H Davies, Sarah Onida","doi":"10.1177/02683555251342912","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02683555251342912","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>ObjectiveRisk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) is classically associated with recent surgery; additionally, long-haul air travel is a known VTE risk factor. This meta-analysis aimed to estimate the post-operative VTE risk associated with recent air travel.MethodsEmbase, Medline, Cochrane and Scopus databases were accessed from inception to May 2024. Inclusion criteria were any study design of participants undergoing surgical intervention with recent air travel, reporting VTE incidence. Papers were screened and data extracted independently by two reviewers, then pooled using fixed and random effects. The primary outcome was pooled VTE rate, with secondary outcomes of pooled rate of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE). Subgroup analyses of pre- and post-operative flight, flight >4 h and high VTE risk surgery were conducted. The ROBINS-I tool was used to assess risk of bias.ResultsSeven retrospective studies were included in the analysis, totalling 24,975 patients. The pooled VTE odds ratio (OR) in the flying plus surgery group was 1.96 (95% CI: 0.54-7.08). For surgery with post-operative flight, the VTE OR was 1.31 (95% CI: 0.63-2.71), whilst for surgery with pre-operative flight the OR was 7.86 (95% CI: 0.23-265.26). In a subgroup analysis of air travel >4 h, the VTE OR was 2.35 (95% CI: 0.29-19.36). In the subgroup analysis of high VTE risk surgery, the VTE OR was 1.20 (95% CI: 0.45-3.20). Three studies reported DVT/PE incidence specifically. For surgery and recent air travel, the pooled DVT rate was 0.67% (95% CI: 0.31%-1.51%) versus 0.45% (95% CI: 0.10%-2.00%) in surgery alone. For surgery and recent air travel, the pooled PE rate was 0.41 (95% CI: 0.00%-1.29%) versus 0.55% (95% CI: 0.31%-0.86%) for surgery alone.ConclusionThis meta-analysis suggests that air travel confers no additional VTE risk for patients undergoing surgical intervention. However, this does not account for confounding factors. Future research should risk score then propensity match participants to generate higher quality evidence.</p>","PeriodicalId":94350,"journal":{"name":"Phlebology","volume":" ","pages":"2683555251342912"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144045735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of lower leg edema in the late afternoon may be associated with decreased blood flow in the leg in women in the luteal phase.","authors":"Yoriko Sei, Tomonori Kishino, Shohei Shibasaki, Keiichiro Harashima, Konomi Sakata, Hiroaki Ohnishi, Takashi Watanabe","doi":"10.1177/02683555251341395","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02683555251341395","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>ObjectivesLower leg edema is common in the late afternoon even in healthy individuals and could involve venous blood flows. Women appear more likely to develop lower leg edema, possibly due to the menstrual cycle. However, this phenomenon has not been quantitatively investigated using imaging. This study therefore used sonography to investigate sex-dependent impacts on physiological lower leg edema, in relation to venous blood flows in the legs and the menstrual cycle.MethodsParticipants comprised 54 healthy young adults (30 men, 24 women; mean age, 21 ± 1 years). Thickness of the papillary dermis and thickness and echogenicity of the subcutaneous adipose tissue were measured in the lower leg. Popliteal vein hemodynamics were investigated using Doppler sonography. Values were compared between late afternoon and morning. Each comparison was performed for men, women in the follicular, and women in the luteal phase.ResultsFor women in the luteal phase, papillary dermis and subcutaneous adipose tissue were thicker (median 0.20 mm, interquartile range [IQR] 0.12-0.25 mm vs median 0.33 mm, IQR 0.25-0.35 mm; <i>p</i> < .001 and median 5.0 mm, IQR 4.3-5.5 mm vs median 5.2 mm, IQR 4.5-6.2 mm; <i>p</i> = .013, respectively) and subcutaneous adipose tissue echogenicity was higher (median 66.9 IQR 64.1-70.5 vs median 71.7, IQR 65.0-76.7; <i>p</i> = .007) in the late afternoon than in the morning. The popliteal vein velocity-time integral (VTI) was lower in the late afternoon (median 33.0 cm, IQR 27.3-40.5 cm) than in the morning (median 26.1 cm, IQR 23.5-39.6 cm; <i>p</i> = .043). A significant negative correlation was observed between VTI and echogenicity (r = -0.549, <i>p</i> = .005). These findings were reduced in women in the follicular phase, and absent in men.ConclusionLate-afternoon lower leg edema may be associated with decreased leg blood flow in women, particularly in the luteal phase.</p>","PeriodicalId":94350,"journal":{"name":"Phlebology","volume":" ","pages":"2683555251341395"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144049502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Age-related risk factors and manifestations in deep venous thrombosis.","authors":"Bo Wu, Haoyuan Wang, Yujia Li, Jianming Sun, Lili Zhang, Haiyang Wang","doi":"10.1177/02683555251341760","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02683555251341760","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>ObjectiveThe incidence, risk factors, and clinical presentation of deep venous thrombosis (DVT) vary with age. This study aimed to evaluate the differences in clinical characteristics of DVT among patients of different ages.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed 938 patients with symptomatic lower extremity DVT admitted to our hospital between January 2020 and January 2024. Patients were categorized into youth (<40 years), middle-aged (40-64 years), and elderly (>65 years) groups. Demographic data, comorbidities, risk factors, clinical presentations, and management approaches were collected and analyzed.ResultsMost participants were middle-aged or elderly, with young patients constituting only 11.19% of the study population. The youth group had a slight female predominance, while the middle-aged and elderly group had a balanced gender distribution. The elderly group were more likely to have comorbidities such as diabetes and malignancies, though they had a lower prevalence of autoimmune diseases compared to younger patients. Congenital risk factors were relatively rare in the overall population, yet were present in 22.86% of young patients, a significantly higher proportion than in the middle-aged and elderly groups. Most patients with DVT were provoked, especially in the elderly group. The prevalence of concurrent congenital and acquired factors was 13.33% in the youth group, compared to only 4.97% in the middle-aged group and 2.88% in the elderly group. Proximal DVT was most frequent in middle-aged patients, while young patients were more likely to seek treatment in the acute phase and undergo surgical intervention. Anticoagulation noncompliance was noted in nearly 40% of elderly patients but only 6.67% of young patients.ConclusionRisk factors and clinical characteristics of DVT vary significantly with age, particularly between young and elderly patients. Young patients were more inclined to seek prompt and effective treatment and demonstrated better adherence to anticoagulation therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":94350,"journal":{"name":"Phlebology","volume":" ","pages":"2683555251341760"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144061670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Safety and efficacy of interstitial bleomycin sclerotherapy for foam sclerosant-infeasible small solid venous malformations in the lower extremity.","authors":"Kyoung Yeon Lee, Taejun Jeon, Sang Yub Lee, Kwang Bo Park, Hong Suk Park, Dongho Hyun, Sung Ki Cho, Sung Wook Shin, Chang Hoon Oh","doi":"10.1177/02683555251339941","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02683555251339941","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>PurposeTo evaluate the safety and efficacy of interstitial bleomycin sclerotherapy for treating small painful venous malformations (VMs) in the lower extremities.MethodsBetween September 2022 and August 2024, 256 patients underwent 420 sclerotherapy sessions for slow-flow vascular malformations. Exclusions included sponge-form VMs, lymphatic malformations, fibroadipose vascular anomalies, and syndromic vascular anomalies. Thirteen patients with solid VMs in the lower extremities, unresponsive to prior foam sclerotherapy (<i>n</i> = 6) or with vascular access challenges due to the lesion's solid nature (<i>n</i> = 7), underwent 19 interstitial bleomycin sclerotherapy sessions. Pre- and post-treatment assessments included visual analog scale (VAS) scores and imaging findings for lesion diameter and vascularity.ResultsNineteen bleomycin sclerotherapy sessions were conducted in 13 patients. VMs were intramuscular (<i>n</i> = 11), in the sub-fascial fat layer (<i>n</i> = 1), or both (<i>n</i> = 1). The mean interval between prior foam and bleomycin sclerotherapy was 818 days, with a 254-day follow-up after treatment. Pain improved in 92% of patients, with a VAS score reduction from 8.5 to 2.8 (<i>p</i> = .0001). One patient showed no improvement after three sessions. Among six patients with vascularity detected on Doppler ultrasound pre-treatment, all demonstrated resolution post-treatment (<i>p</i> = .0313). Mean diameter reduction of 0.27 cm was not statistically significant (<i>p</i> = .0573). Three minor/moderate adverse events occurred: allergic reactions and skin pigmentation.ConclusionInterstitial bleomycin sclerotherapy is a safe and effective option for reducing pain and vascularity in lower extremity solid VMs unresponsive to foam sclerotherapy or presenting poor vascular access.</p>","PeriodicalId":94350,"journal":{"name":"Phlebology","volume":" ","pages":"2683555251339941"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144016625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Superficial vein thrombosis: State of art. A review.","authors":"Francesca Cortese, Luisiana Stolfi, Giampaolo Luzi, Giandomenico Tarsia, Gianpaolo D'Addeo, Marilena De Francesco, Paolo Tondi, Marco Fabio Costantino","doi":"10.1177/02683555251338747","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02683555251338747","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>ObjectivesSuperficial venous thrombosis (SVT) is an acute thrombosis affecting the superficial venous system, characterized by inflammation of the venous wall. While much research has focused on deep vein thrombosis (DVT), SVT has historically been neglected due to its reputation as a benign and self-limiting condition.MethodsA literature search was conducted using PubMed and Google Scholar from January 2000 to December 2023, focusing on English-language publications and including original articles, systematic reviews, and randomized controlled trials. The following keywords were used in various combinations: \"superficial venous thrombosis,\" \"superficial thrombophlebitis,\" \"phlebitis,\" and \"thrombophlebitis.\" The review aimed to analyze SVT, discuss its key features, treatment approaches, and prognosis. We identified 133 potentially relevant records, of which 98 were screened in full text; 39 met our inclusion criteria (i.e., adult populations, clinical data on SVT incidence, risk factors, and treatment outcomes). A PRISMA-style flowchart illustrates the selection process and reasons for exclusion (e.g., duplication, lack of relevant endpoints).ResultsSVT is a common but often underestimated condition that can lead to complications, including pulmonary embolism. The mainstay treatment consists of anticoagulant therapy, starting with low-dose unfractionated heparin or fondaparinux as the first-line drug, progressing to oral anticoagulants at therapeutic doses in more extensive cases. The diagnosis is primarily clinical but should be confirmed by color Doppler ultrasound. Furthermore, SVT may be indicative of serious underlying conditions.ConclusionsWhile often considered benign, SVT is a deceptive pathology. If not properly diagnosed and treated, it can progress to DVT and associated complications. Additionally, SVT may signal significant systemic conditions such as malignancies, hereditary thrombophilia, and cardiovascular diseases, warranting further investigation by clinicians.</p>","PeriodicalId":94350,"journal":{"name":"Phlebology","volume":" ","pages":"2683555251338747"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144045736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}