Phlebology最新文献

{"title":"Comparison of the safety and efficacy between endovenous laser ablation and radiofrequency ablation for great saphenous vein incompetence.","authors":"Xianhao Su, Hongjian Ding, Zhiyu Pan, Huaqing Li, Jianing Yue, Qian Chen","doi":"10.1177/02683555251366380","DOIUrl":"10.1177/02683555251366380","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>AimsThis multicenter retrospective study sought to compare the efficacy and safety of endovenous laser ablation (EVLA) versus radiofrequency ablation (RFA) for treating great saphenous vein (GSV) incompetence.MethodsWe performed propensity score matching (PSM) between 864 EVLA and 1009 RFA cases. Primary endpoints comprised complete venous ablation (efficacy) and incidence of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and endovenous heat-induced thrombosis (EHIT) (safety). Secondary outcomes assessed at serial follow-ups included: Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) pain scores, cutaneous adverse events, Venous Clinical Severity Score (VCSS), and Chronic Venous Insufficiency Questionnaire (CIVIQ-20).ResultsThe propensity-matched cohort (<i>n</i> = 855 per group) showed balanced baseline characteristics after exclusions (all <i>p</i> > .05). Primary efficacy analysis revealed significantly lower 24-month recurrence rates with EVLA versus RFA (5.6% vs 10.2%, <i>p</i> < .001). Primary safety outcomes demonstrated reduced thrombotic complications with RFA, including lower DVT incidence (0.7% vs 1.8%, <i>p</i> = .048) and decreased EHIT formation (Class 0: 93.9% vs 89.7%; grades 1-4: 6.1% vs 10.3%, <i>p</i> = .034). Secondary analysis showed RFA's advantages in pain profiles (<i>p</i> < .001), cutaneous complications (skin burns: 2.7% vs 4.7%, <i>p</i> = .029), and superior therapeutic improvement through 24 months (VCSS: 0.66 ± 0.15 vs 1.66 ± 0.55, <i>p</i> = .029; CIVIQ-20: 5.66 ± 1.10 vs 10.66 ± 2.69, <i>p</i> = .006).ConclusionRFA demonstrates superior perioperative safety profiles, symptom relief, and quality-of-life outcomes. However, its significantly higher long-term recurrence risk compared to EVLA necessitates risk-stratified treatment algorithms.</p>","PeriodicalId":94350,"journal":{"name":"Phlebology","volume":" ","pages":"348-357"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144791196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel pneumatic compression device Pneumasox®; a proof of principle.","authors":"Kelley van der Meer, Kees-Peter de Roos, Marcel Bekkenk, Martino Neumann, Tim Wentel","doi":"10.1177/02683555251391859","DOIUrl":"10.1177/02683555251391859","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>IntroductionThe gold standard treatment for Chronic Venous Disease (CVD) is compression therapy. Current types of compression therapy often lack properties like comfort and ease of use, which makes patient compliance challenging. Recently a new pneumatic compression therapy device was developed, called Pneumasox® (PSX). The device is based on Pascal's law, using air to create pressure. This could be an interesting addition to the current treatments.MethodsWe evaluated the pressure properties of the PSX. This was investigated by examining both the pressure inside the PSX and the interface pressure. For the primary outcome, the pressure was measured for three different settings (after first inflation, after 10 dorsiflexion movements, 2 min after the movements). This was separately investigated for the anatomical B1 and C point. As a secondary outcome, we investigated the reduction of the pressure after its application. All measurements were performed on a non-moving, dangling leg.ResultsThe average pressure in the PSX after the first inflation was 31 mm Hg. The average interface pressure was 33 mm Hg. Dorsiflexion movements initially resulted in a pressure drop of 14-16 mm Hg, but after 2 min the average pressures had increased to 27 mm Hg (PSX), 30 mm Hg (interface pressure, B1 point) and 31 mm Hg (interface pressure, C point). The average decrease in pressure after 30 min was about one-third of the initial pressure, with a peak during the first minute (6-7 mm Hg).ConclusionOur study suggests a promising role for the PSX in the treatment of CVD and especially for venous leg ulcers in an outpatient setting. However, further experiments are necessary to investigate the effects during daily activities. Considering the fact that the reduction is highest during the first minute, we suggest that repressurizing should take place after 1 min.</p>","PeriodicalId":94350,"journal":{"name":"Phlebology","volume":" ","pages":"282-287"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145351100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Iliac vein stent placement in the treatment of pelvic venous disorders in women: A systematic review.","authors":"Alexander V Alenichev, Sergey V Chubchenko, Sergey G Gavrilov","doi":"10.1177/02683555251365068","DOIUrl":"10.1177/02683555251365068","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BackgroundCompression stenosis of the left common iliac vein (LCIV) in combination with pelvic venous insufficiency (PVI) represents a form of pelvic venous disorders (PeVDs). Iliac vein stent placement (IVSP), aimed at restoring adequate blood flow through the iliac veins, is considered an optimal treatment for this disorder.AimTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of IVSP in the treatment of PVI based on a systematic analysis of literature data.MethodsAn analysis of publications on use of IVSP in the treatment of a combination of LCIV compression and PVI from the PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases for the period from January 2000 to December 2023 was carried out. Eligible were reports from randomized pro- and retrospective cohort studies and case series for more than 10 patients with the clinical and radiological data used to confirm indication for LCIV stenting and to assess the status of iliac and pelvic veins after the procedure. Isolated clinical cases, comments, letters, duplicate articles, publications on IVSP in patients without PVI symptoms and signs or describing the treatment of chronic venous and post-thrombotic diseases were excluded. The risk of bias was assessed using the ROB-ME tool for systematic reviews.ResultsA total of eight studies representing data of 1605 patients with a combination of LCIV compression and PVI were selected. The efficacy of isolated IVSP in relieving CPP and other symptoms and signs of PVI ranged from 16% to 80%. Gonadal vein embolization (GVE) after IVSP was required in 20 to 84% of cases. Complications related to IVSP had low SIR class and occurred in less than 1% of cases.ConclusionThe primary LCIV stenting is an effective and safe treatment for patients with LCIV compression and PVI, while GVE should be reserved as second line treatment in case of its clinical failure.</p>","PeriodicalId":94350,"journal":{"name":"Phlebology","volume":" ","pages":"268-281"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144755547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recanalization times in patients with deep vein thrombosis with and without thrombophilia.","authors":"Halis Yilmaz, Haci Cihat Atabas, Nevzat Herdem, Deniz Elcik, Adnan Hasgul, Aydin Tuncay","doi":"10.1177/02683555251365062","DOIUrl":"10.1177/02683555251365062","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>ObjectiveHypercoagulability, called thrombophilia, has a vital role in the development of deep vein thrombosis. During the healing process of patients with thrombosis, the recanalization process in deep veins takes longer in some patients. This study was designed to investigate the role of thrombophilia in this critical process, considering that thrombophilia may be one of the reasons for the prolonged recanalization period.MethodThe study was retrospectively analyzed in 118 patients with deep vein thrombosis. Patients were grouped according to thrombophilia or not. Patients were divided into early and late recanalization groups according to the recanalization status on ultrasonography at the sixth month. The thrombophilia status of these groups was evaluated.Results62 of the patients were female, and 56 were male. The mean age was 41.92 ± 10.26 years. Thrombophilia was more common in women. There was a significant difference between the mean age and thrombophilia status; the mean age was lower in the thrombophilia group (<i>p</i> = .029). No statistically significant difference was found between age and recanalization times (<i>p</i> = 0, 274). Recurrence rates were also higher in the F5 Leiden and Protein-S deficiency group.ConclusionThe presence of thrombophilia affects patients' recanalization time and, therefore, suggests the need to reevaluate treatment strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":94350,"journal":{"name":"Phlebology","volume":" ","pages":"318-326"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144769529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Selected phlebological abstracts.","authors":"Lowell S Kabnick, Kathleen Ozsvath, Mikel Sadek","doi":"10.1177/02683555261439684","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02683555261439684","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":94350,"journal":{"name":"Phlebology","volume":"41 4","pages":"358-360"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147625390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anti-inflammatory effects of diosmin as adjunctive therapy in acute deep vein thrombosis: Impact on venous recanalization, quality of life and post-thrombotic syndrome.","authors":"Dragan Nikolić, Janko Pasternak, Vladimir Manojlović, Slavko Budinski, Marijana Basta Nikolić, Nikola Batinić","doi":"10.1177/02683555261446151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02683555261446151","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BackgroundDeep vein thrombosis (DVT) is associated with inflammatory response that may contribute to incomplete venous recanalization and post-thrombotic syndrome (PTS). Diosmin, a venoactive flavonoid, may provide additional benefit when combined with standard anticoagulation.ObjectivesTo evaluate whether adjunctive diosmin therapy reduces inflammation, improves recanalization, enhances quality of life, and decreases PTS severity in acute DVT.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study analyzed 612 patients with acute proximal DVT receiving anticoagulation alone (control, <i>n</i> = 298) or anticoagulation plus diosmin 600 mg daily (<i>n</i> = 314). Propensity score matching (1:1) yielded 230 pairs. C-reactive protein (CRP), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) were assessed at baseline and day 30. Recanalization was evaluated by duplex ultrasound at 3 and 12 months. Quality of life was measured using VEINES-QOL, and PTS was assessed using the Villalta scale at 12 months.ResultsThe diosmin group showed greater reductions in CRP (-13.9 vs -11.8 mg/L; <i>p</i> = 0.038), NLR (-1.72 vs -1.43; <i>p</i> = 0.019), and ESR (-17.2 vs -14.1 mm/hr; <i>p</i> = 0.031) at day 30. Complete recanalization rates were higher with diosmin at 12 months (91.3% vs 76.5%; <i>p</i> < 0.001). VEINES-QOL scores were better in the diosmin group at 12 months (71.8 ± 13.2 vs 66.9 ± 12.6; p = 0.024). While overall PTS incidence was similar (14.9% vs 16.3%; <i>p</i> = 0.72), moderate-to-severe PTS was less frequent with diosmin among PTS patients (21% vs 40%; Fisher's exact <i>p</i> = 0.062), suggesting a trend that requires confirmation.ConclusionsAdjunctive diosmin was associated with greater inflammatory marker reductions, improved recanalization, and better quality of life. A trend toward reduced PTS severity was observed but should be interpreted cautiously given the small number of events. Prospective randomized trials are needed to confirm these findings.</p>","PeriodicalId":94350,"journal":{"name":"Phlebology","volume":" ","pages":"2683555261446151"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147793937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Validation and reliability of the Turkish version of the Lymphedema Symptom Intensity and Distress Survey-Lower Limb (LSIDS-L) in patients with lower extremity lymphedema.","authors":"Pınar Borman, Aslıhan Aladağ Aydoğan, Cansu Şahbaz Pirinççi, Mumtaz Mutlu Umaroğlu, Meltem Dalyan","doi":"10.1177/02683555261446155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02683555261446155","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BackgroundEffective management of lower extremity lymphedema requires its recognition as a distinct clinical entity. This study aimed to evaluate the validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the <i>Lymphedema Symptom Intensity and Distress Survey-Lower Limb</i> (LSIDS-L), a tool designed to assess both the severity and distress of symptoms in patients with lower limb lymphedema.AimsTo evaluate the validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the Lymphedema Symptom Intensity and Distress Survey-Lower Limb (LSIDS-L) in patients with lower extremity lymphedema.Study designDiagnostic Accuracy Study.MethodsThe LSIDS-L was translated and culturally adapted into Turkish using the forward-backward translation method. The final version was administered to 155 patients alongside the <i>Lymphoedema Quality of Life Questionnaire-Leg</i> (LYMQOL-Leg). Reliability was assessed using a 7-days test-retest approach. Descriptive statistics were used for demographic data. Construct validity was evaluated using Spearman's rank correlation coefficient, while internal consistency and test-retest reliability were assessed via Cronbach's alpha and the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), respectively.ResultsThe questionnaire demonstrated excellent test-retest reliability with ICC_1k = 0.9989 and r = 0.9970. Internal consistency was also high, with a Cronbach's alpha of 0.9180 and a standardized alpha of 0.9145, indicating strong coherence among items.ConclusionThe Turkish version of the LSIDS-L (LSIDS-L-TR) is a valid and reliable instrument for assessing symptom intensity and distress in patients with lower extremity lymphedema. It offers a comprehensive tool for use in both clinical practice and research settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":94350,"journal":{"name":"Phlebology","volume":" ","pages":"2683555261446155"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147793873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparing interventions used to treat venous leg ulcers - A network meta-analysis.","authors":"Shruti Das, Marwah Salih, Matthew Tan, Sarah Onida, Alun Huw Davies","doi":"10.1177/02683555261446149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02683555261446149","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>IntroductionVenous leg ulcers (VLUs) account for up to 80% of chronic lower limb ulcers. The management of these ulcers is complex and can involve multiple interventions, ranging from compression, to pharmacotherapy, surgical and endovenous procedures. Despite these, VLUs are associated with prolonged healing times and high recurrence rates. They therefore pose a significant burden to both patients and the healthcare system, costing the National Health Service over £3 billion annually. Previous studies have largely compared interventions with standard of care rather than against each other. Due to a lack of head-to-head comparisons, this network meta-analysis is necessary to establish which adjunctive intervention, when combined with compression therapy, is most effective in healing VLUs.MethodsThis network meta-analysis was completed in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines and the PRISMA for Network Meta-Analyses (PRISMA-NMA) extension. A comprehensive search algorithm identified all relevant human studies published in English across MEDLINE, EMBASE, ClinicalTrials.gov and PubMed databases. This study included only randomised controlled trials reporting on complete venous leg ulcer healing rates at 24 weeks on patients over the age of 18 years. Two independent authors screened and reviewed all articles for inclusion and performed data extraction.ResultsThe search resulted in 2,237 papers. Of these, 15 randomised controlled trials met the inclusion criteria, enrolling a total of 2,571 patients. Four studies evaluated pentoxifylline, three looked at ablation, three studied sclerotherapy, two evaluated surgery, one studied aspirin, one focused on flavonoids and one on ultrasound therapy. All studies employed these interventions as an adjunct to compression. Both pentoxifylline (OR 3.1, CI 1.46 - 6.57, <i>p</i> < .05) and endovenous ablation (OR 2.86, CI 1.19 - 6.88, <i>p</i> < .05) were shown to significantly improve ulcer healing at 24 weeks when compared to compression monotherapy. No other interventions demonstrated a statistically significant improvement in ulcer healing. Heterogeneity was moderate across the studies (I2 = 66.4%) and there was moderate inconsistency in the network (Q score = 20.82, <i>p</i> < .05).ConclusionsThe results demonstrate the potential for pentoxifylline and endovenous ablation to have a significant beneficial impact on ulcer healing. However, the results should be interpreted with a degree of caution given the moderate heterogeneity and inconsistency. Further large-scale randomised controlled trials evaluating interventions in head-to-head comparisons are needed in the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":94350,"journal":{"name":"Phlebology","volume":" ","pages":"2683555261446149"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147731097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Endovenous microwave ablation versus high ligation and stripping for the treatment of small saphenous vein incompetence. A single center retrospective study.","authors":"Yu-Qian Xie, Li-Feng Zhang, Yao Lin, Cai-Juan Geng, Yu Xie, Chun-Shui He, Wei Zeng","doi":"10.1177/02683555261444163","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02683555261444163","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BackgroundThe objective of this study was to compare the efficacy and safety of endovenous microwave ablation (EMA) and high ligation and stripping (HLS) for the treatment of small saphenous vein insufficiency..MethodsThis single-center retrospective study consecutively enrolled patients with small saphenous vein insufficiency who underwent either endovenous microwave ablation (EMA) or high ligation and stripping (HLS). Clinical severity was assessed using the Clinical-Etiology-Anatomy-Pathophysiology (CEAP) classification and the Venous Clinical Severity Score (VCSS). Quality of life was evaluated using the Aberdeen Varicose Vein Questionnaire (AVVQ) and the Chronic Venous Insufficiency Questionnaire-14 (CIVIQ-14). Perioperative complications and vein closure rates were recorded. The primary outcome was technical and anatomical vein closure at 6 and 12 months postoperatively. Secondary outcomes included operative time, postoperative complications, symptom improvement, and quality-of-life changes. Propensity score matching was performed to minimize baseline confounding between groups.The objective of this study was to compare the efficacy and safety of endovenous microwave ablation (EMA) and high ligation and stripping (HLS) for the treatment of small saphenous vein insufficiency.ResultsFollowing propensity score matching (PSM), the baseline characteristics between the two groups were comparable. EMA demonstrated a significantly shorter operative time compared to HLS (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Improvements in both symptoms and clinical severity scores were significantly greater and occurred more rapidly in the EMA group (<i>p</i> < 0.01). Regarding postoperative complications, the incidence rates of paresthesia and numbness were significantly lower in the EMA group compared to the HLS group (<i>p</i> < 0.05). However, improvements in health-related quality of life and 12-months safety indicators showed no significant differences between the two groups (<i>p</i> > 0.05).ConclusionThe study findings confirm that endovenous microwave ablation (EMA) significantly improves quality of life in patients with small saphenous vein (SSV) insufficiency. Compared to high ligation and stripping (HLS), EMA demonstrates superior minimally invasive characteristics, facilitates faster recovery, and provides better symptom relief within the first year post-procedure. Furthermore, its long-term safety profile is non-inferior to HLS, collectively resulting in higher patient satisfaction.</p>","PeriodicalId":94350,"journal":{"name":"Phlebology","volume":" ","pages":"2683555261444163"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147701430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationship between social deprivation, CEAP score and time to varicose vein surgery: A single-centre retrospective analysis.","authors":"Martin Crossdale, Sandeep Damaraju, Benjamin Smith, Lakna Harindi Alawattegama, Shivam Bhanderi, Steven Jones","doi":"10.1177/02683555261444161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02683555261444161","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>IntroductionInequalities in access to planned venous surgery are not well understood. We aimed to explore the relationships between disease severity, socioeconomic deprivation, procedure performed, and waiting times.MethodsWe analysed retrospectively collected data from 302 patients undergoing varicose vein surgery at a single NHS Trust in Shropshire, England between 1st January 2024 to 31st December 2024. Spearman's correlation, chi-squared testing, and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used to examine associations between CEAP score, Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD) decile, procedure performed, referral-to-treatment time and time on the waiting list.ResultsThe median age was 54 years (IQR 26), with equal male and female representation. The most common CEAP score was C2, median IMD decile was 6 (IQR 4), and median time on the surgical waiting list was 215 days (IQR 278).There was no statistically significant association between IMD and either wait time or CEAP score, in either England or Wales. CEAP score did not correlate with waiting list time (Spearman's rho = -0.031, <i>p</i> = 0.59). CEAP score was not associated with procedure performed (χ² = 20.0, df = 35, <i>p</i> = 0.98). Similarly, no association was seen between IMD and procedure in England, Wales, Shropshire, or Telford & Wrekin.ConclusionIn this cohort, socioeconomic deprivation was not associated with disease severity, procedure selection, or delays to intervention, although the under-representation of the most deprived deciles may limit the strength of this conclusion. The lack of correlation between CEAP score and waiting time may suggest there are other factors limiting clinical prioritisation.</p>","PeriodicalId":94350,"journal":{"name":"Phlebology","volume":" ","pages":"2683555261444161"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147701393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}