Endocrine, metabolic & immune disorders drug targets最新文献

{"title":"Association of Toll-like Receptor 4 Gene Polymorphisms with Diabetes Type 2 Patients in the Palestinian Population.","authors":"Fawzi Al-Razem, Enas B Iqnaibi, Razan A Abu Rmeileh, Lara I Ideis","doi":"10.2174/0118715303301789240826113528","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0118715303301789240826113528","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Toll-like Receptor 4 (TLR4) plays critical roles in innate immunity and several other pathological responses, including a possible role in the susceptibility to Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). Understanding the relationship between TLR4 polymorphism and T2DM is necessary to evaluate the role of innate immunity in diabetes.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study was conducted to evaluate the potential association between three TLR4 SNPs (SNP ID rs11536858, rs4986790, and rs1927914) and risk susceptibility to T2DM in a crosssection of the Palestinian population.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 96 individuals including 50 T2DM patients participated in this study. The data were analyzed according to the TLR4 allelic variation results. DNAs were extracted from blood samples collected from the T2DM patients and their matched healthy controls and used to evaluate possible associations between the TLR4 SNP variations and T2DM. The genotypes of TLR4 polymorphisms were analyzed by the Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Three allelic variations were detected in the participating individuals. The distribution of alleles between T2DM and healthy controls in the three SNPs did not show significant differences, even though some variations tended to favor certain alleles. To look at potential associations of TLR4 gene polymorphisms with the risk of T2DM development, we analyzed the allelic variation in both T2DM patients and health controls. The rs4986790 TLR4 SNPs showed a significant association with T2DM. There were 20% heterozygous alleles in T2DM patients compared to 4.35% in healthy controls with Odds Ratio (OR) = 5.26 and 95% CI = 1.08, 25.6 (P = 0.0252), indicating the AG allele to be a risk factor. Both rs11536858 and rs1927914 alleles demonstrated a potential association of their allelic variations as either a protective or a highrisk factor.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our data have indicated that TLR4 rs4986790, rs1927914, and rs11536858 may play a potential role in innate immunity and susceptibility risk to diabetes and can be potential targets for therapeutic drugs.</p>","PeriodicalId":94316,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine, metabolic & immune disorders drug targets","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142960977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research Hotspots and Trends of RNA Research in Diabetic Retinopathy: Insights From Bibliometric Analysis.","authors":"Dan Yin, Xianke Luo, Maoying Wei, Yiting Tang, Yijia Jiang, Churan Wang, Aijing Li, Jingyi Guo, Yanbing Gong","doi":"10.2174/0118715303358069241213151650","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0118715303358069241213151650","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Research on RNA in diabetic retinopathy (DR) has received increasing attention in recent years. However, there is a lack of comprehensive and systematic research on the current status and future direction of RNA research in DR. Therefore, this study used bibliometric analysis to summarize the global trends and current status of DR RNA research to date.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We searched the Web of Science for studies related to DR RNA research before July 2024 and then used CiteSpace and VOSviewer to generate knowledge visualization maps.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 1,103 articles related to RNA research in DR were retrieved. China has the most articles, followed by the USA and Japan. Wayne State University, Nanjing Medical University, and Shanghai Jiao Tong University were the three most productive institutions. Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science was the most popular journal in this field. Kowluru, Renu A from Wayne State University published the most number of articles. Keyword analysis showed that the research hotspot in this field is the role of miRNAs in apoptosis and neovascularization in DR. Non-coding RNAs and extracellular vesicles are future research trends.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results of this bibliometric study provide information on the current status and trends in the field of RNA research in DR. RNA research could lead to new diagnostic methods and therapeutic strategies for DR. Our findings can help researchers understand the current status of RNA research in DR and identify new directions for further research.</p>","PeriodicalId":94316,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine, metabolic & immune disorders drug targets","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142961068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the Impact of Extended Amino Acid Supplementation on Body Composition and Psychopathology in Patients with Eating Disorders Undergoing Psycho-Nutritional Rehabilitation.","authors":"Michela Napolillo, Laura Dalla Ragione, Giulia De Iaco, Tania Mococci, Roberto Sacco, Simonetta Marucci","doi":"10.2174/0118715303310253241210080238","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0118715303310253241210080238","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Eating disorders are frequently linked to protein-energy malnutrition, resulting from chronic energy intake reduction, and leading to reduced body weight and altered body composition. A nutritional approach based on the supplementation with a mixture of essential amino acids has proven effective in conditions characterized by reduced dietary intake and increased degradation of endogenous proteins and might also contribute to correct the amino acid deficiency possibly involved in the pathogenesis of eating disorders.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to explore the effects of amino acid supplementation in conjunction with a standard psycho-nutritional rehabilitation program on body composition, symptoms and psychopathology status in 30 female patients with eating disorders hospitalized at the Residenza Palazzo Francisci in Todi, Italy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Enrolled patients were divided in two groups receiving amino acid supplementation for 45 and 90 days, respectively. Each patient underwent bioelectrical impedance analysis at baseline, after 45 days and after 90 days. Validated psychometric tests were administered at study entry and study end to all enrolled patients.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Results from bioelectrical impedance analysis suggest that amino acid supplementation contributes to restoring nutritional and metabolic balance, with effects proportional to the duration of administration. Conversely, interpreting the effects on psychopathologic state and symptoms was challenging, probably due to the small sample size and short observation period.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Prolonged amino acid supplementation may play a role in the management of patients with eating disorders, favoring the correction of the catabolic state and possibly contributing to improvement of the psychopathologic state.</p>","PeriodicalId":94316,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine, metabolic & immune disorders drug targets","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142961041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of PDGFA as a Neutrophil-related Biomarker Linked to the Advancement of Diabetic Retinopathy through Integrated Bioinformatics Analysis.","authors":"Anran Liang, Tingting Feng, Xiang Gao, Bowen Zhao, Song Chen","doi":"10.2174/0118715303279463240220050158","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0118715303279463240220050158","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The dysregulation of the innate immune system plays a crucial role in the development of Diabetic Retinopathy (DR). To gain an insight into the underlying mechanism of DR, it is essential to identify specific biomarkers associated with immune cell infiltration.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this study, we retrieved the GSE94019 and GSE60436 datasets from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. By utilizing CIBERSORT, MCPcounter, and xCell algorithms, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of the immune cell infiltration landscape in DR. The limma package was employed to identify Differentially Expressed Necroptosis-related Genes (DENRGs). Subsequently, enrichment analysis was performed to investigate the potential functions of the DENRGs. To identify the core DENRGs, the CytoHubba plug-in in Cytoscape software was utilized. The expression levels of these core DENRGs were verified in an independent dataset.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our analysis identified 213 DENRGs, and among them, Platelet-derived Growth Factor subunit A (PDGFA) was identified as a core DENRG. Notably, the expression of PDGFA was found to be upregulated in DR, and this finding was further validated in the GSE102485 dataset. Additionally, the results of GSVA and GSEA revealed that in the high PDGFA group, there was activation of pathways related to inflammation and the immune system. Moreover, analysis of immune infiltration demonstrated a significant association between PDGFA gene expression and the infiltration levels of specific immune cells, including basophils, macrophages M1, macrophages, neutrophils, monocytes, NK cells, and B cells.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The involvement of neutrophils in the development and progression of DR is suggested. PDGFA has emerged as a potential marker and is linked to the infiltration of immune cells in DR. These findings shed new light on the underlying mechanisms of DR.</p>","PeriodicalId":94316,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine, metabolic & immune disorders drug targets","volume":" ","pages":"109-121"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140178493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein in Long-term Damage of Tissues and Organs, the Underestimated Role of Retrotransposons and Stem Cells, a Working Hypothesis.","authors":"Mario G Balzanelli, Reza Rastmanesh, Pietro Distratis, Rita Lazzaro, Francesco Inchingolo, Raffaele Del Prete, Van H Pham, Sergey K Aityan, Toai Tran Cong, Kieu C D Nguyen, Ciro Gargiulo Isacco","doi":"10.2174/0118715303283480240227113401","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0118715303283480240227113401","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) is a respiratory disease in which Spike protein from SARS-CoV-2 plays a key role in transferring virus genomic code into target cells. Spike protein, which is found on the surface of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, latches onto angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptors (ACE2r) on target cells. The RNA genome of coronaviruses, with an average length of 29 kb, is the longest among all RNA viruses and comprises six to ten open reading frames (ORFs) responsible for encoding replicase and structural proteins for the virus. Each component of the viral genome is inserted into a helical nucleocapsid surrounded by a lipid bilayer. The Spike protein is responsible for damage to several organs and tissues, even leading to severe impairments and long-term disabilities. Spike protein could also be the cause of the long-term post-infectious conditions known as Long COVID-19, characterized by a group of unresponsive idiopathic severe neuro- and cardiovascular disorders, including strokes, cardiopathies, neuralgias, fibromyalgia, and Guillaume- Barret's like-disease. In this paper, we suggest a pervasive mechanism whereby the Spike proteins either from SARS-CoV-2 mRNA or mRNA vaccines, tend to enter the mature cells, and progenitor, multipotent, and pluripotent stem cells (SCs), altering the genome integrity. This will eventually lead to the production of newly affected clones and mature cells. The hypothesis presented in this paper proposes that the mRNA integration into DNA occurs through several components of the evolutionarily genetic mechanism such as retrotransposons and retrotransposition, LINE-1 or L1 (long interspersed element-1), and ORF-1 and 2 responsible for the generation of retrogenes. Once the integration phase is concluded, somatic cells, progenitor cells, and SCs employ different silencing mechanisms. DNA methylation, followed by histone modification, begins to generate unlimited lines of affected cells and clones that form affected tissues characterized by abnormal patterns that become targets of systemic immune cells, generating uncontrolled inflammatory conditions, as observed in both Long COVID-19 syndrome and the mRNA vaccine.</p>","PeriodicalId":94316,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine, metabolic & immune disorders drug targets","volume":" ","pages":"85-98"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140103094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deciphering the Correlation between the Emergence of Lung Carcinoma Associated with Tuberculosis-related Inflammation.","authors":"Prashant Chauhan, Pratibha Pandey, Seema Ramniwas, Fahad Khan, Ramish Maqsood","doi":"10.2174/0118715303301146240522095638","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0118715303301146240522095638","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Lung cancer and tuberculosis (TB) are classified as the second-most life-threatening diseases globally. They both are exclusively represented as major public health risks and might exhibit similar symptoms, occasionally diagnosed simultaneously. Several epidemiological studies suggest that TB is a significant risk factor for the progression of lung cancer. The staggering mortality rates of pulmonary disorders are intrinsically connected to lung cancer and TB. Numerous factors play a pivotal role in the development of TB and may promote lung carcinogenesis, particularly among the geriatric population. Understanding the intricacies involved in the association between lung carcinogenesis and TB has become a crucial demand of current research. Consequently, this study aims to comprehensively review current knowledge on the relationship between tuberculosis-related inflammation and the emergence of lung carcinoma, highlighting the impact of persistent inflammation on lung tissue, immune modulation, fibrosis, aspects of reactive oxygen species, and an altered microenvironment that are linked to the progression of tuberculosis and subsequently trigger lung carcinoma.</p>","PeriodicalId":94316,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine, metabolic & immune disorders drug targets","volume":" ","pages":"291-299"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141238789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is Low-free Triiodothyronine (fT3) Associated with Increased Morbidity in Patients Admitted to Coronary Care Units?","authors":"Oguz Akkus, Fatih Sen, Ramazan Yasdıbas, Alper Tunga Otegen, Irem Huzmeli, Gamze Akkus","doi":"10.2174/0118715303287732240201122412","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0118715303287732240201122412","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The effects of thyroid hormone on patients hospitalized in coronary intensive care units are still controversial.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>We retrospectively examined thyroid hormone levels and their impact on cardiovascular morbidity in patients admitted to coronary intensive care units.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 208 (Female/Male; 46.6%/53.4%) patients without any history of thyroid disease were enrolled and screened. Patients with specific heart disease and existing thyroid hormone parameters were included in the study. Low triiodothyronine syndrome is characterized by reduced serum total or free T3 (fT3) concentrations in normal free T4 (fT4) and TSH levels.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The common diagnosis of the patients in the coronary care unit is acute coronary syndrome (n = 59, 28.2 %) and heart failure (n = 46, 23.3%). Patients were divided into two groups according to left ventricular ejection fraction percentages (LVEF ≤39% vs LVEF ≥40%). Plasma fT3 levels were significantly correlated with low LVEF (≤39%) (p =0.002). fT3 (r = -0.183, p =0.013) and hospitalization etiology (r = -0.161, p =0.023) were also the most critical parameters affecting the length of hospitalization.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Low fT3 was associated with reduced ejection fraction and prolonged hospitalization, which may lead to potential morbidities in HF patients and may be useful in risk stratification and treatment strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":94316,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine, metabolic & immune disorders drug targets","volume":" ","pages":"57-65"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140874325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research Progress in the Relationship between Intestinal Flora and Diabetes Mellitus.","authors":"Yingji Lai, Xianfeng Huang, Hongwei Sun, Qi Hui, Shanshan Hu","doi":"10.2174/0118715303308965240624054156","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0118715303308965240624054156","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Diabetes mellitus is a common chronic metabolic disease characterized by a high incidence and disability rate. Intestinal flora refers to the microbial community that lives in the intestines and plays a crucial role in maintaining intestinal health and the human immune system. In recent years, an increasing body of research has revealed a close relationship between intestinal flora and diabetes. The pathophysiological mechanisms between them have also been constantly uncovered, and the regulation of intestinal flora has shown promising efficacy in the adjuvant treatment of diabetes. This study mainly summarized the characteristics and mechanisms of intestinal flora in patients with diabetes in recent years, as well as the methods of regulating intestinal flora to prevent and treat diabetes, and prospected the future research direction. This will offer a theoretical basis for the clinical adjuvant treatment of diabetes with intestinal flora and the development of new drugs.</p>","PeriodicalId":94316,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine, metabolic & immune disorders drug targets","volume":" ","pages":"281-290"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141494731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detection of a Diagnostic Model and Comprehensive Examination of Diabetic Retinopathy Utilizing Genes Linked to Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress.","authors":"Yan Zhang, Yihong Huang, Maosheng Guo, Wanzhu Chen, Yuyu Wu","doi":"10.2174/0118715303300673240725114443","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0118715303300673240725114443","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The aim of this study was to reveal the biological functionalities associated with endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS)-related genes (ERSGs) in the context of diabetic retinopathy (DR).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) within the DR group and the Control group were identified and then integrated with ERSGs. Gene Ontology (GO) and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) methodologies were used to investigate potential biological mechanisms. A diagnostic model for ERS and a nomogram were formulated based on biomarkers selected through the Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator method. The diagnostic efficacy of this model was thoroughly evaluated. ERS-associated subtypes were identified, and the Single-Sample GSEA (ssGSEA) and CIBERSORT algorithms were used to assess immune infiltration.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We identified 10 ERS-related DEGs (ERSRDEGs) within the DR Group. Subsequently, a diagnostic model was constructed based on 5 ERS genes, namely CCND1, IGFBP2, TLR4, TXNIP, and VIM. The validation analysis demonstrated the commendable diagnostic performance of the model. Analysis of the ssGSEA immune characteristics revealed a positive correlation in the DR group between myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC), regulatory T cells (Tregs), and CCND1 TXNIP. Furthermore, a significant negative correlation was observed between central memory CD4 T cells and CCND1. In the context of CIBERSORT, the results indicated a positive correlation between macrophages and IGFBP2, as well as Tregs and IGFBP2 in the DR group. Notably, a conspicuous negative correlation was identified between resting mast cells and IGFBP2.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The present study provides novel diagnostic biomarkers for DR from an ERS perspective.</p>","PeriodicalId":94316,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine, metabolic & immune disorders drug targets","volume":" ","pages":"122-139"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141794480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Luteinizing Hormone on IVF/ICSI Assisted Reproduction on the Initiation Day of Gonadotropin-releasing Hormone Antagonist Protocol.","authors":"Li-Jia Zhang, Dun Liu, Li-Qing Xu, Jin-Yan Wei, Lin Fan, Xi-Qian Zhang, Feng-Hua Liu","doi":"10.2174/0118715303281640240722070348","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0118715303281640240722070348","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The aim of the study was to explore the optimal timing of gonadotropin initiation and the reasonable interval of luteinizing hormone (LH) level in the gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist (GnRH-A) protocol.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective cohort study was conducted to analyze the LH level in patients with different ovarian response treated in GnRH-A protocol in 1361 IVF/ICSI cycles. Ovarian response (including AMH, AFC) in these patients were divided into the poor ovarian response group (an antral follicle count (AFC) ≤ 6, n = 394), the normal ovarian response group (an AFC > 6 and < 15, n = 570), and the high ovarian response group (an AFC ≥ 15, n = 397), according to the AFC. The patients were sub-grouped according to LH levels on the protocol initiation day, and the clinical outcomes (including dose of Gn initiation, Gn administration days, GnRH-ant administration days, P levels on the HCG day, E2 levels on the HCG day, LH levels on the HCG day, number of embryos transferred, total fertilization rate, embryo implantation rate (%), proportion of 2PN, proportion of good-quality embryos, endometrial thickness on the hCG injection day (mm), moderate to severe OHSS, AFC on the initiation day, proportion of type A endometrium on the hCG injection day, clinical pregnancy rate, biochemical pregnancy rate, early abortion rate, ectopic pregnancy rate) were compared.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>On the GnRH-A protocol initiation day, among all patients with different ovarian responses, the body mass index (BMI) in those with an LH ≥ 5 IU/L was lower. The difference of pregnancy outcome between the LH < 5 IU/L group and the LH ≥ 5 IU/L group were not statistically significant among the different ovarian response groups, but the LH < 5 IU/L group had a higher proportion of good-quality embryos (80.3 ± 24.9 vs. 74.8 ± 26.9, P =0.035) than the LH≥5IU/Lgroup in those with poor ovarian response. The total fertilization rate (82.2 ± 18.1 vs 85.4 ± 15.1, P =0.021) and proportion of two pronuclei (2PN) (69.0 ± 20.9 vs 72.7 ± 19.9, P =0.035) were higher in the LH ≥ 5 IU/L group than the LH<5 IU/L group for those with normal ovarian response. The embryo implantation rate (41.4 ± 41.3 vs 52.6 ± 43.4, P =0.012) was higher in the LH ≥ 5 IU/L group than in the LH<5 IU/L group in those with high ovarian response. The results of the multivariate logistic analysis showed that the age of the female partner, number of embryos transferred, proportion of good-quality embryos, endometrial thickness on the hCG injection day, and moderate-to-severe ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) were independent factors correlated with the outcome of live births (P < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The LH levels on the gonadotropins (Gn) initiation day in GnRH-A protocol will not affect pregnancy outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":94316,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine, metabolic & immune disorders drug targets","volume":" ","pages":"400-410"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141857537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}