Endocrine, metabolic & immune disorders drug targets最新文献

{"title":"Construction of a Single-cell Atlas of Thyroid Cancer.","authors":"Kaiyu Song, Yaqi Wang, Yuantao Wang, Jiahui Liu, Wenjie Yao, Yongli Chu, Yun Qu, Xicheng Song, Jin Zhou","doi":"10.2174/0118715303359688250209090544","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0118715303359688250209090544","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Differentiated thyroid cancer generally has a favorable prognosis; however, the cure rate remains low for patients with metastatic or undifferentiated thyroid cancer. Moreover, this group of patients exhibits diverse responses to different treatments. To address this, single- cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) offers an unbiased approach to reveal the heterogeneity within and between tumor cells. Using, scRNA-seq, we aimed to explore the intricate ecosystem of thyroid cancer, potentially providing novel insights into clinical cancer staging and treatment strategies.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a thorough analysis by screening thyroid cancer and paraneoplastic tissues from 20 patients sourced from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. The dataset comprised 11 primary tumor tissues, 6 paraneoplastic tissues, 8 metastatic lymph nodes, and 2 distant metastases of papillary thyroid cancer. Through comprehensive bioinformatic analyses, we constructed a panoramic single-cell atlas of thyroid cancer (THCA).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our findings revealed significant heterogeneity in gene expression among tumor cells from different patients with THCA, contributing to the development of a comprehensive single-- cell landscape. Notably, the long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) gene XIST exhibited higher abundance in anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) tumor cells. Additionally, we identified an enriched m6A locus in lncRNA XIST and observed high expression of the m6A \"reader\" IGF2BP3, as well as low expression of the \"encoder\" VIRMA. Based on these observations, we hypothesized that IGF2BP3 and VIRMA could augment the expression of lncRNA XIST, thereby promoting the malignant proliferation and invasion of ATC.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>By leveraging scRNA-seq technology, our study sheds light on the intricate molecular characteristics of THCA lesions. These findings have the potential to revolutionize our understanding of thyroid cancer pathogenesis and pave the way for innovative therapeutic interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":94316,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine, metabolic & immune disorders drug targets","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143782338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epstein-Barr Virus and Human Papillomavirus Infection in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma: A Correlation Study.","authors":"Runyu Zhao, Yingying Lu, Weiqiang Teng, Xiaocheng Xue, Yi Zhang, Shuixian Huang, XIaoping Chen","doi":"10.2174/0118715303355722250127061453","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0118715303355722250127061453","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>This study explores the presence and clinical significance of Epstein- Barr Virus (EBV) and Human Papillomavirus (HPV) in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). EBV and HPV are known to contribute to various cancers, but their roles in thyroid cancer development are debated.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Paraffin-embedded tissue blocks from PTC patients (n=255) who underwent thyroid surgery between 2020 and 2021 were analyzed for EBV and HPV DNA using PCR-based methods.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Results showed EBV positivity in 45.1% of PTC cases, significantly higher than in benign thyroid tumors (35.2%), while HPV positivity was low (0.7%). EBV positivity was not associated with age, gender, lesion type, lymph node metastasis, or extrathyroidal extension but was significantly higher in PTC cases with concurrent Hashimoto's thyroiditis. The study suggests a notable presence of EBV in PTC, especially in cases with Hashimoto's thyroiditis, but indicates a limited role for HPV in thyroid cancer.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Further research is warranted to understand the specific pathogenic mechanisms and potential therapeutic implications of EBV and HPV in thyroid cancer.</p>","PeriodicalId":94316,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine, metabolic & immune disorders drug targets","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143607653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a Novel 11-Gene Signature Related to Immune Subtypes for Fibromyalgia.","authors":"Wei Zhao, Pengcheng Wang","doi":"10.2174/0118715303365068250303042017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0118715303365068250303042017","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>The purpose of this study was to identify molecular subtypes and hub genes in fibromyalgia [FM] based on immune-related genes [IRGs].</p><p><strong>Background: </strong>FM is a chronic disease featuring widespread pain, and the immune system may be involved in the FM progression.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The objectives of this study are as follows: 1] To identify the molecular subtypes of FM based on IRGs. 2] To screen and validate the hub genes in FM. 3] To predict the transcription factor [TF] targeting hub genes and 4] To evaluate the correlation between immune cell infiltration, hallmark pathways, and hub genes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Two FM datasets were acquired from the Gene Expression Omnibus [GEO] database. IRGs were collected from the ImmPort database. Molecular subtypes of FM were identified using the \"ConsensusClusterPlus\" package. IRGs score and differentially expressed genes [DEGs] between different FM subtypes and control samples were obtained using \"GSVA\" and \"limma\" packages. Key module genes related to FM subtypes were identified using the \"WGCNA\" package. Hub genes were screened and verified using \"glmnet\" and \"pROC\" packages. TF-hub gene regulatory network was constructed by Cytoscape software. The correlation between immune cells, hallmark pathways, and hub genes was analyzed by the Spearman method. Finally, the DSigDB database was used to obtain associations between characterized genes and drugs, and the expression of key genes was verified using qRT-PCR.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>FM samples were classified into two subtypes, and the IRGs score of the C2 subtype was lower than that of the C1 subtype. Then, 184 module genes were obtained and mainly enriched in immune-related pathways. Next, 11 hub genes [TSPAN16, RILPL2, RASSF5, PGAP2, PADI2, NACC1, LRRC25, ITGAD, HIPK1, ATP6V0D1, AP1M2] were screened with good diagnostic performance. Besides, 45 TFs targeting hub genes were predicted. Most hub genes were negatively associated with CD4/CD8 T cells while positively correlated with macrophages, mast cell, monocyte, and neutrophil, as well as inflammatory response, angiogenesis pathways, etc. Molecular docking suggests that chloroquine and L-citrulline may be potent agents for the treatment of NACC1 and PADI2. RILPL2 and ITGAD were significantly differentially expressed in control and FM group mouse models.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study identified two subtypes and 11 hub genes of FM based on IRGs, providing a reference for the clinical diagnosis of FM.</p>","PeriodicalId":94316,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine, metabolic & immune disorders drug targets","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143607651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Dynamic Changes in Maternal Thyroid Parameters Across the Three Trimesters and Their Differential Effects on the Occurrence of Adverse Obstetric Outcomes.","authors":"Zheng Yang, Jingli Sun, Jinguang Wang, Xiaohui Jin, Yiyang Gao, Zhenyu Lin, Chenling Fan, Dongdong Luo, Deping Wang, Weiping Teng, Zhongyan Shan, Jing Li","doi":"10.2174/0118715303351648250120113846","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0118715303351648250120113846","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Thyroid parameters undergo significant dynamic changes during pregnancy. This study aimed to comprehensively analyze the impact of abnormal thyroid parameters in each trimester on the incidence of common adverse obstetric outcomes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Blood samples drawn for thyroid parameters in each trimester during the antenatal period were determined after the participants gave birth. Serum thyrotropin, free thyroxine, free triiodothyronine, anti-thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb), and anti-thyroglobulin antibody (TgAb) levels were tested using electrochemiluminescence immunoassays.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among all the participants, TAI and hypothyroxinemia in the first trimester (T1) were significantly related to an increased risk of gestational hypertension [OR=5.136, 95% CI 1.537-17.158 and OR=7.683, 95% CI: 1.890-31.229, respectively]. Additionally, subclinical hypothyroidism in T1 was independently associated with a higher risk of postpartum hemorrhage [OR = 38.063, 95% CI 2.091-692.834].Besides, subclinical thyrotoxicosis in T1 showed a significant correlation with a raised risk of small for gestational age [OR=14.650, 95% CI 1.221-175.760]. Among euthyroid women during the whole pregnancy, either TPOAb+ or TgAb+ in the third trimester was an independent risk factor of premature birth [OR=5.092, 95% CI 1.059-24.481] and low birth weight [OR=8.165, 95% CI 1.717-38.824], respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings indicate the importance of screening thyroid parameters in early pregnancy and the need to dynamically monitor these parameters throughout the entire pregnancy.</p>","PeriodicalId":94316,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine, metabolic & immune disorders drug targets","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143568846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Differential Diagnosis between Pseudo Cushing's Syndrome and True Cushing's Syndrome in a Septic Patient in the Pre-Agonal Phase: A Case Report.","authors":"Simone Antonio De Sanctis, Sabrina Chiloiro, Eloisa Sofia Tanzarella, Filippo Bongiovanni, Antonella Giampietro, Amato Infante, Gennaro De Pascale, Laura De Marinis, Massimo Antonelli, Alfredo Pontecorvi, Antonio Bianchi","doi":"10.2174/0118715303346706250206070813","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0118715303346706250206070813","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Sepsis is an illness characterized by a high-stress condition for patients, accompanied by alterations in biochemical processes, behavior, and levels of consciousness. Hormonal alterations that can be seen in this context include increased plasma cortisol values, a condition known as pseudo-Cushing's syndrome (PCS), which in exceptional cases requires a differential diagnosis from true Cushing's syndrome (CS).</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>We report a septic patient with pseudo-Cushing's syndrome in the pre-agonal phase, suggesting that PCS during sepsis is an underestimated condition, as the severity of the patient's clinical condition is compounded by the difficulty of diagnosis itself.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In this clinical case, for the severe clinical conditions of the patient and the poor prognosis, we conducted a comprehensive endocrine work-up to rule out an ACTH-dependent hypercortisolism that, if confirmed, could have changed the therapeutic approach and the prognosis of the reported patient.</p>","PeriodicalId":94316,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine, metabolic & immune disorders drug targets","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143568851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrated Bioinformatics Analysis Revealing that the NSDHL Gene Might Be Associated with the Progression of Western HFD/SW-Induced Hepatocellular Carcinoma.","authors":"Jing Hong, Bo Pan, Zhaoxian Yan, Xiao-Feng Zhai, Yongshang Liu","doi":"10.2174/0118715303356256250129063049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0118715303356256250129063049","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objective: </strong>Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains a significant global health concern. However, the etiology and pathogenesis of HCC have yet to be fully elucidated. Previous studies have indicated a close association between obesity and the occurrence and progression of HCC. The objective of this study was to employ bioinformatics strategies in order to explore key genes associated with the clinical diagnosis and prognosis of HCC induced by a Western high-fat diet and sugar water (HFD/SW).</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>We obtained the expression profile chip data GSE197884 from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Subsequently, \"DESeq\" and \"Limma\" R packages were employed to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) while constructing a co-expressed gene network using weighted gene co-expression analysis (WGCNA). Functional enrichment analyses were then carried out, followed by the construction of a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network to uncover core genes. The core genes were confirmed through data retrieved from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database in order to determine their status as hub genes. Finally, survival and tumor immune infiltration analyses were performed to unveil the prognostic significance of these hub genes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In total, 126 intersection targets were retrieved through the Venn diagram. Gene ontology (GO) enrichment and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses revealed that the DEGs were primarily related to the proliferation and apoptosis of HCC cells, the digestion and metabolism of liver cells, the HCC tumor microenvironment, and immune response. The PPI network analysis identified 11 core targets, among which seven hub genes, including NSDHL, MVK, SQLW, GCAT, ALAS2, GLDC, and AGXT, were obtained after TCGA database validation. Furthermore, it was found that NSDHL was closely associated with the clinical diagnosis and prognosis of HCC induced by HFD/SW and also affected the cellular immune infiltration in the HCC tumor microenvironment.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The present study demonstrated a significantly elevated expression of NSDHL in HCC tissues, suggesting its potential as a specific biomarker for precise clinical diagnosis and prognosis assessment of HCC induced by HFD/SW.</p>","PeriodicalId":94316,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine, metabolic & immune disorders drug targets","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143545595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Comparative Analysis of COVID-19-Associated and Non-COVID-19-Associated Mucormycosis.","authors":"Süheyla Kömür, Aslıhan Candevira, Ayşe Seza İnala, Ferit Kuşcua, Behice Kurtarana, Funda Memişoğlub, İlkay Karaoğlanc, Yeşim Taşovaa","doi":"10.2174/0118715303335275250116055824","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0118715303335275250116055824","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>COVID-19-associated Mucormycosis (CAM) has emerged as a significant complication during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, there is a lack of comprehensive comparative studies with non-COVID-associated mucormycosis (NCM).</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aims to compare the clinical characteristics, risk factors, and outcomes of CAM and NCM to enhance the understanding and management of these infections, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A retrospective multicenter study was conducted at Cukurova University, Malatya İnönü University, and Gaziantep University. We analyzed and compared cases of CAM and NCM diagnosed between January 2018 and February 2022. Data were collected from the infectious diseases and clinical microbiology departments, including demographic details, underlying conditions, treatment regimens, and outcomes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 38 cases were analyzed, with 21 cases of COVID-19-associated mucormycosis (CAM) and 17 cases of non-COVID-19-associated mucormycosis (NCM). The key findings of the study were as follows: CAM was strongly associated with corticosteroid use (p<0.001) and diabetes (p=0.001), while NCM cases were more frequently linked to malignancy and neutropenia (p<0.05). Clinically, CAM cases had a higher incidence of cavernous sinus involvement and bone destruction (p=0.003) compared to NCM cases. However, there was no significant difference in overall survival between the CAM and NCM groups (p=0.201).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study highlights the critical role of corticosteroid use and diabetes as prominent risk factors for CAM. Timely diagnosis and intervention are essential to prevent severe complications, such as cavernous sinus involvement and bone destruction. These findings emphasize the need for tailored management strategies for CAM in the context of COVID-19, with particular attention to these risk factors.</p>","PeriodicalId":94316,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine, metabolic & immune disorders drug targets","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143461347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"1-Deoxynojirimycin Ameliorates Diabetic Liver Injury by Regulating AMPK/SIRT1 and Oxidative Stress in db/db Mice.","authors":"Yao Li, Yu Cao, Yun-Yuan Tian, Wen-Wen Chen, Juan Wang, Meng-Meng Zhang, Si-Wang Wang, Yan-Hua Xie","doi":"10.2174/0118715303327499250104221937","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0118715303327499250104221937","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Patients with diabetic liver injury are in the dilemma of lowering glucose and protecting liver function. This study aimed to uncover the protective effect and mechanism of 1-deoxynojirimycin (1-DNJ), an alpha-glucosidase inhibitor, against diabetic liver injury.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The db/db mice were gavaged with 25 mg/kg, 50 mg/kg, and 100 mg/kg of 1-DNJ for 8 weeks. At the end of the administration, the serum and liver were isolated for further detection. The biochemical indices including TC, TG, LDL-C, AST, ALT, and TBiL were detected in serum. The livers were further analyzed with H&E, oil red, and Masson staining, and the amount of ROS in the liver was detected with probe dihydroethidium. Western blot was used to analyze the levels of proteins involved in fibrosis, oxidative stress, and AMPK/SIRT1 signaling pathway in the liver.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>1-DNJ administration reduced body weight, liver coefficient, and TC, TG, LDL-C, AST, ALT, and TBiL in db/db mice. H&E and oil red staining showed that 1-DNJ ameliorated hepatocellular ballooning degeneration and lipid deposition in the liver. Moreover, 1-DNJ reduced the hepatic collagen fiber deposition and the protein expression of α-SMA and Collagen I. Further assays revealed that 1-DNJ treatment reduced the ROS level, up-regulated the proteins expression of SOD2, HO-1, NQO-1, p-AMPK/AMPK, p-ACC/ACC, and SIRT1 proteins, and down-regulated the expression of SREBP-1 and SCD-1 proteins in the liver.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>1-DNJ improves liver function, lipid deposition, and fibrosis of diabetic liver injury in db/db mice by regulating the AMPK/SIRT1 pathway to improve glucose-lipid metabolism and oxidative stress.</p>","PeriodicalId":94316,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine, metabolic & immune disorders drug targets","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143461345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of Chrysin Nanocrystal on the Thyroid Gland of Rats Exposed to Chlorpyrifos.","authors":"Tahereh Farkhondeh, Fatemeh Ahrari, Shahnaz Rajabi, Effat Alemzadeh, Behzad Mesbahzadeh, Maryam Rezaei, Sara Ziafati Majidi, Saeed Samarghandian","doi":"10.2174/0118715303329277250120104421","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0118715303329277250120104421","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Chlorpyrifos (CPF) is an organophosphate insecticide that is mostly used in agriculture for pest control.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This investigation aimed to evaluate the possible protective role of chrysin nanocrystals on thyroid gland hormones and histology in male rats after exposure to a high dose of chlorpyrifos.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Rats were randomly divided into 6 groups (6 rats in each group): 1. healthy control group, 2. treated with chrysin nanocrystal (5 mg/kg), 3. treated with chrysin nanocrystal (10 mg/kg), 4. treated with chrysin nanocrystal (5 mg/kg) + chlorpyrifos, 5. treated with chrysin nanocrystal (10 mg/kg) + chlorpyrifos, and 6. treated with chlorpyrifos (30 mg/kg). After 15 days of intervention, rats were anesthetized, and blood samples were taken from the heart to measure thyroid hormones. Then, the thyroid gland was isolated and stored in 10% formalin for histopathological studies. Thyroid samples were also stored at -80 ° C for measuring oxidative stress parameters.</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>A significant reduction was observed in the serum concentrations of T3 and T4 in all treated groups compared with the control group (p < 0.01). In addition, hormone level examination revealed no statistically significant (p ˃ 0.05) changes in plasma TSH concentration in any of the groups. The treatment with CPF and chrysin nanocrystal did not affect the levels of oxidative biomarkers (MDA, GSH, and NO) in thyroid glands. Photomicrographs of a histological section of the thyroid gland showed vacuolar degenerated follicle epithelium and missing colloids in the histological section of the thyroid gland of all groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings demonstrated that the oral administration of chrysin nanocrystals could not inhibit the toxic effect of a high dose of CPF on the thyroid gland in the rats.</p>","PeriodicalId":94316,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine, metabolic & immune disorders drug targets","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143461452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Empagliflozin and Arterial Stiffness in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Real-World Case-Control Study.","authors":"Francesco Tassone, Cinzia Ferreri, Arianna Rossi, Giorgio Borretta, Guido Pastorini, Fabio Anastasio, Mauro Feola","doi":"10.2174/0118715303372020250131060159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0118715303372020250131060159","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors have demonstrated beneficial cardiovascular and renal effects in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The objective of this case-control study was to evaluate the efficacy of empagliflozin in modifying the arterial stiffness in type 2 diabetic patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Pulse wave velocity (PWV) and other parameters of arterial stiffness were assessed at baseline and after three months of empagliflozin treatment in 16 consecutive outpatients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) exhibiting normal left ventricular function and no signs of heart failure. A control group of 16 T2DM outpatients not treated with SGLT2 inhibitors was used for comparison.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Duration of diabetes mellitus and sex distribution did not differ between groups. Patients in the empagliflozin group were younger compared to controls (64.1 ± 8.68 vs 74.45 ± 8.13, p < 0.05). At 3-month follow-up, empagliflozin treatment significantly reduced HbA1c (7.9 ± 0.78 vs 7.04 ± 1.09%, p < 0.008). Empagliflozin significantly improved PWV compared to controls (from 13.2 ± 2.0 m/sec to 12.3 ± 1.8 m/sec; P = 0.001; in the control group 12.8 ± 2.3m/s to 13.2 ± 2.4, p = ns, with age and HbA1c as covariates) as well as body weight that significantly reduced (86.75 ± 16.16 kg vs 81.71 ± 16.5 kg, p =0.001) and BMI (30.48 ± 5.4 versus 28.75 ± 5.66 kg/m2, p < 0.002) in comparison to controls. Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) remained unchanged whereas a significant improvement of urine Albumin to Creatinine ratio with empagliflozin emerged (17.8 ± 46.8 vs 12.2 ± 35.7 mg/mmol, p = 0.049).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In this clinical study, mid-term treatment with empagliflozin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) resulted in a significant reduction in arterial stiffness. Additionally, the improvement in the urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio suggests a potential enhancement in endothelial function.</p>.</p>","PeriodicalId":94316,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine, metabolic & immune disorders drug targets","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143461348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}