Endocrine, metabolic & immune disorders drug targets最新文献

{"title":"A Comparison between LTT and CFSE Proliferation Tests in Patients with Inborn Errors of Adaptive Immunity.","authors":"Tannaz Moeini Shad, Nima Taghizadeh, Samaneh Delavari, Nazanin Aghamohamadi, Ali Zarezadeh Mehrabadi, Fereshte Salami, Soha Mohammadi, Helia Salehi, Saba Fekrvand, Marzieh Tavakol, Nazanin Fathi, Zahra Chavoshzadeh, Mehrnaz Mesdaghi, Mahsa Ghadrdan, Alireza Shafiei, Nima Rezaei, Reza Yazdani, Hassan Abolhassani","doi":"10.2174/0118715303363026250312063731","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0118715303363026250312063731","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Inborn errors of immunity (IEI) include immunodeficiencies affecting cellular and humoral immunity.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>We aimed to compare the effectiveness of the LTT and carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester (CFSE) assays in assessing lymphocyte proliferation in IEI patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We utilized radioactive [3H]-thymidine and non-radioactive CFSE to measure lymphocyte proliferation in three distinct groups: syndromic CID (SyCID), non-syndromic combined immunodeficiency (N-SyCID), and primary antibody deficiency (PAD).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>LTT identified 8 cases of abnormal lymphocyte proliferation among all patients, whereas CFSE detected 23 cases. In the N-SyCID group, LTT identified more abnormalities than CFSE, whereas, in the SyCID and PAD groups, CFSE detected more defects. Two patients with ataxia telangiectasia and CVID had positive results on both LTT and CFSE tests, and a specific ORAI1 gene mutation resulted in differing test outcomes.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>It was found that the CFSE method is a reliable and practical choice for measuring mitogenic T-cell responses in unclassified IEI patients for confirmation of immunologic diagnosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":94316,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine, metabolic & immune disorders drug targets","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143782326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Shared Genetic Basis, Biological Function and Causal Relationship Between Sleep Traits and Hypothyroidism: Evidence from a Comprehensive Genetic Analysis.","authors":"Yinli Shi, Ming Guo, Yuedan Wang, Guoduan Zeng, Wenting Li, Mianhua Wu, Bo Li","doi":"10.2174/0118715303348704250227014802","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0118715303348704250227014802","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This research attempts to clarify whether there are any genetic similarities between sleep traits and hypothyroidism based on publicly accessible large-scale genomewide association studies.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The methodology included colocalization analysis, crossphenotype association analysis, and linkage disequilibrium score regression analysis to find common genetic overlap. Through tissue function specificity and functional mapping, we were able to identify the shared genetic level. Genetic instrumental factors were used for causal inference in two-sample univariate and multivariable Mendelian randomization analyses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A hereditary correlation between hypothyroidism and napping during the day and getting up in the morning (rg=-0.0982, P=0.0007; rg=-0.101, P=0.0001). MAGI3, and HLA-DRB1 BX296568.1 may be potential targets for shared treatments. Colocalization and tissue-specific analysis demonstrated that the common genes and SNPs were identified in the thyroid, lung, brain, and lymphatic tissues. Functional analysis emphasized the importance of these common genes in processes like as protein transport, inflammatory response, and MHC class II protein synthesis. Furthermore, an association has been established between hypothyroidism and sleep duration (IVW, OR 1.5208; 95% CI 1.1142-2.0758, P=0.0082) and getting up in the morning (IVW, OR 1.8375; 95%CI: 1.4502-2.3284, P=4.73E-07). Furthermore, the reverse MR analysis revealed no causal connection between aberrant sleep traits and hypothyroidism. The enduring impact of insomnia on hypothyroidism persists despite controlling for alcohol consumption and smoking habits.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Certain genetic correlations between sleep traits and hypothyroidism have been emphasized. These findings may elucidate the origin of comorbidity and have implications for future clinical trials.</p>","PeriodicalId":94316,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine, metabolic & immune disorders drug targets","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143782342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Saudi Arabia: Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Management Strategies: A Review.","authors":"Raed Aldahash, Khaled Aldossari, Naji Aljohanni, Fahad Alsabaan, Wael Alzahrani, Abdullah Alwabel, Ahmad M N Alhendi","doi":"10.2174/0118715303361062250122100238","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0118715303361062250122100238","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a major health problem and a leading cause of death in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). The World Health Organization (WHO) ranks KSA as the seventh country with the highest diabetes prevalence in the world. The healthcare and treatment costs for diabetes have risen by more than 500% in the last two decades. Obesity is the main risk factor for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), which involves insulin resistance and β-cell dysfunction. Genetic and environmental factors also influence the development of T2DM. There are various options for controlling blood glucose in T2DM patients, including a new class of oral drugs called sodium-glucose transport protein 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i). These drugs reduce glucose reabsorption and increase glucose excretion in the kidney. They can be used at any stage of diabetes and have benefits such as lowering blood pressure, A1C levels, and body weight. Dapagliflozin is one of the SGLT2 inhibitors that is well tolerated by T2DM patients. This review examines the impact of T2DM in KSA, its risk factors and complications, and the role of Dapagliflozin in its management. It also provides expert opinions on the current situation of T2DM in KSA.</p>","PeriodicalId":94316,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine, metabolic & immune disorders drug targets","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143782343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metabolomics: An Emerging Approach to Understand the Pathogenesis of Reactive Arthritis.","authors":"Durgesh Dubey, Reena Kumari, Amit Singh, Pallab Shaw, Ashish Kothari, Shashi Ranjan, Garima Mamgain, Shivmurat Yadav, Sandeep Kumar","doi":"10.2174/0118715303309669250319083147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0118715303309669250319083147","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Reactive arthritis (ReA) is characterized by immune-mediated sterile synovitis brought on by an infection that enters the body through the gastrointestinal or urogenital tracts from a distance. The diseases known as seronegative spondyloarthropathy (SSA) include undifferentiated arthritis (uSpA) and reactive arthritis (ReA). Cytokines are crucial in orchestrating an effective immune response to eliminate bacterial infections, such as those seen in ReA (Reactive Arthritis) conditions. The balance between Th1 and Th2 cytokines is particularly important in determining the outcome of infections associated with ReA. TNF-α and IFN-γ are key antibacterial Th1 cytokines that promote cell-mediated immunity, essential for effective cellular responses against intracellular bacteria. In contrast, Th2 cytokines like IL-4, IL-5, IL-9, and IL-13 are more involved in generating humoral immunity and allergic responses. The mechanisms underlying the differentiation of T helper lymphocytes, which lead to a skewed cytokine secretion profile, remain unclear. Several factors, including the local inflammatory environment, IL-12 levels during T cell priming, variations among antigen-presenting cells (APCs), and antigen dose, have been suggested as potential contributors. This review will explore the critical role of metabolomics in cytokine production and its profound impact on the pathogenesis of reactive arthritis.</p>","PeriodicalId":94316,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine, metabolic & immune disorders drug targets","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143782341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring and Validating Prognostic Biomarkers Related to Sphingolipid Metabolism in Gastric Cancer through Machine Learning.","authors":"Jian Chai, Ce Guo, Houze Wang, Jiajie Wei, Yang Yu, Xiaolong Li, Huiqing Zhang, Xing Guo","doi":"10.2174/0118715303362774250219065927","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0118715303362774250219065927","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Sphingolipid metabolism (SM) has been implicated in the progression of gastric cancer (GC). However, its potential as a prognostic biomarker in GC remains underexplored. This study investigates the feasibility of using SM to predict GC prognosis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Sphingolipid metabolism-related genes (SMRGs) were extracted from the GeneCards database, and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified using the TCGA-STAD and GSE84437 gastric cancer datasets. Univariate Cox regression analysis was performed to identify genes associated with survival. Lasso-Cox and random survival forest analyses were employed to identify key survival-related genes, followed by multivariate Cox regression to establish a prognostic model and calculate the sphingolipid metabolism score (SMscore). The lasso-Cox analysis further assessed the prognostic significance of clinical traits and the SMscore. Hyperparameters were optimized using machine learning models to achieve the most accurate prognostic model. The potential utility of the SMscore in GC prognosis was evaluated, and hub gene expression was validated through immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>ELOVL4, NOS3, and ABCA2 were identified as key prognostic genes from a pool of 556 SMRGs. The optimal prognostic model was developed and validated, demonstrating robust predictive performance. IHC staining revealed increased expression of ELOVL4 and NOS3 in tumor tissues, which correlated significantly with poor prognosis.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Bioinformatics analysis and IHC validation suggest that ELOVL4 expression may serve as a prognostic biomarker for GC, providing new insights for prognosis prediction and therapeutic target development in gastric cancer.</p>","PeriodicalId":94316,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine, metabolic & immune disorders drug targets","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143733851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Repurposing of Chinese Medicine Extract against Staphylococcus Aureus: Assessing the Antibacterial and Anti-Transfer Activity of Plasmid in Drug-Resistant Bacteria.","authors":"Yanqing Tong, Jian Kang, Qian Wang","doi":"10.2174/0118715303352305250214071027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0118715303352305250214071027","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most frequent human infections, which triggers various infectious diseases like soft tissue infection, lethal pneumonia, endocarditis, and bacteremia. The most common pathogen responsible for simple cystitis is E.coli; however, it also causes pneumonia, bacteremia, and abdominal infections, such as spontaneous bacterial peritonitis.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>Chinese medicines have been used effectively in the treatment of infectious disorders; thus, this study aimed to investigate the efficiency of Chinese medicine against S. aureus.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An extract of traditional Chinese medicine was prepared using nine compounds: tongcao, talc, red peony root, fennel, guangui, lychee core, dry sunflower, dianthus, and purslane, to evaluate its antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus RN450RF.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the Chinese medicine measured by the consecutive double dilution technique was 200g/L. The drug-resistant plasmid was transferred equally well under controlled laboratory conditions with a median conjugation frequency of 1.1x106. The maximum activity of conjugated transfer of resistant drug plasmid of E. coli CP9 (R45) was observed at 2/1 MIC (100 g/L drug concentration), 32h time interval, with a bacterial concentration 108 CFU/ml.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These results suggest that the secondary inhibitory concentration (1/2 MIC) of the Chinese medicine solution can promote the combination and transfer of the resistance plasmid of Chinese medicine (R45) between different strains. The drug concentration, binding time, and initial bacterial concentration have different degrees of positive promotion effects on the conjugation and transfer of drug-resistant plasmids. Traditional Chinese medicine might be a potentially huge disease management and infection control resource.</p>","PeriodicalId":94316,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine, metabolic & immune disorders drug targets","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143671950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differences in Thyroid Autoimmunity and Thyroid Function Tests Between Individuals with and without Obesity: Is There a Correlation with Obesity Degree?","authors":"Seher Çetinkaya Altuntaş","doi":"10.2174/0118715303342780250219111457","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0118715303342780250219111457","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Obesity, a rapidly escalating global health concern, is associated with comorbidities and chronic inflammation. However, the link between obesity and thyroid autoimmunity remains unclear.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This case-control study, conducted at a tertiary care center,aimed to elucidate the relationship between obesity and the degree of obesity, thyroid autoimmunity, and TFTs in euthyroid individuals with a BMI >30 kg/m2 and explore variations based on the degree of obesity.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Free thyroid hormones, TSH, thyroid peroxidase antibodies (anti-TPO), anti-thyroglobulin antibodies (Anti-Tg), and metabolic parameters (glucose, lipid profile, insulin resistance, hemoglobin A1c) were measured in 164 euthyroid patients with obesity and 73 lean subjects aged 18-65 years. Subjects with obesity were stratified into three groups based on body mass index (BMI): first-degree obesity (BMI 30-34.9 kg/m2), second-degree obesity (BMI 35-39.9 kg/m2), and third-degree obesity (BMI ≥ 40 kg/m2).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The prevalence of thyroid antibody positivity was significantly higher in the obese group compared with the non-obese group, specifically for anti-TPO (45 [27.4%] vs. 7 [9.6%]) and anti- Tg (35 [21.3%] vs. 5 [6.8%]). Anti-Tg titers were elevated in the obese group (p=0.006), but anti- TPO levels were similar across the groups. Among the BMI-stratified groups, individuals with first and second-degree obesity exhibited higher anti-TPO positivity and anti-Tg titers compared with the control group. No significant differences were found in the third-degree obesity group. TSH and fT4 levels were higher in the obese group compared with the non-obese group (p=0.016 and p=0.045, respectively), whereas fT3 levels and the fT3/fT4 ratio remained consistent across the groups. Although no direct correlation was found between thyroid autoantibodies and metabolic parameters, individuals positive for anti-TPO and/or anti-Tg exhibited worse metabolic profiles compared with individuals who were antibody-negative.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>There is an increase in thyroid autoimmunity among euthyroid individuals with obesity; however, this increase does not appear to be proportional to BMI. The effect of antibody presence on metabolic parameters in individuals with obesity is not yet fully understood.</p>","PeriodicalId":94316,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine, metabolic & immune disorders drug targets","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143671555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Falsely Elevated Estradiol Levels Due to Heterophile Antibody Interference: A Case Report and Literature Review.","authors":"Ying Guo, Bin Wei, Wei Dai, Ge Zhang","doi":"10.2174/0118715303352682250219044719","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0118715303352682250219044719","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Immunoassay interference remains an important issue in clinical laboratory medicine, and false increases in estradiol levels due to detection interference are rare, but they cannot be ignored.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>We herein report the case of a 41-year-old woman who underwent a series of extensive and superfluous medical examinations because of erroneous laboratory findings according to the Siemens Centaur serum estradiol assay due to heterophile antibody interference. Her estradiol levels were measured several times, which measured between 7534 and 9772 pg/mL. Heterophile antibody interference was identified through method comparisons, polyethylene glycol precipitation, a gradient dilution test, and the use of a heterophile-blocking reagent.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The rapid identification of interference in estradiol testing poses a challenge for laboratory staff; however, it is vital for preventing unnecessary medical treatment and reducing healthcare costs. Analytical interference should be suspected when clinical manifestations do not align with laboratory results. Consequently, clinicians and laboratory personnel need to develop an anti- interference workflow to mitigate such occurrences in the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":94316,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine, metabolic & immune disorders drug targets","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143671949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Akkermansia muciniphila Delays the Progression of Diabetic Nephropathy by Reducing the Accumulation of Uremic Toxins in the Feces and Peripheral Blood.","authors":"Xixi Song, Mingyan Yao, Jing Zhang, Bo Huang, Xin Li, Mengjuan Zhang, Jingqiu Cui","doi":"10.2174/0118715303343599250210103212","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0118715303343599250210103212","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The pathogenesis of diabetes and diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is closely related to the imbalance of gut microbiota. We aimed to explore whether exogenous Akkermansia muciniphila (A. muciniphila) supplementation affected the progression of DKD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The feces from normal subjects, diabetic patients without kidney diseases, and patients with DKD were collected, and the changes in microbial communities were analyzed. A rodent db/db DKD model was also constructed to investigate whether the abundance of A. muciniphila would be altered in response to renal function decline. The measurement of inflammatory cytokines in peripheral blood, fecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), renal histopathology, and Western blot analysis were carried out to further evaluate the effects of A. muciniphila.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The relative abundance of A. muciniphila was found to be lower in the feces of DKD patients and also in the intestine of DKD mice. After exogenous supplementation of A. muciniphila, the levels of urinary protein, blood urea nitrogen, and creatinine decreased in DKD mice, as well as uremic toxins, trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO), p-cresol sulfonate, and indole sulfonate. A. muciniphila supplementation also increased the SCFAs gut production. The supplementation also protected the integrity of the intestinal mucosa by increasing MUC2, occludin, and zona occludens 1 (ZO-1) protein expression in the intestinal wall.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Exogenous supplementation of A. muciniphila improved the imbalance of gut microbiota, reduced systemic inflammation, decreased uremic toxins, and protected the integrity of the intestinal mucosa, thus delaying DKD progression.</p>","PeriodicalId":94316,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine, metabolic & immune disorders drug targets","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143672206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Navigating Cardiovascular Challenges of Obesity: Exploring Preventive Approaches.","authors":"Vibha Sinha, Shubhojeet Roy, Sapnita Shinde, Deepankar Mondal, Vineeta Dixit, Deepak Dwivedi, Sanjay Kumar Pandey, Rakesh Gupta, Naveen Kumar Vishwakarma, Dhananjay Shukla","doi":"10.2174/0118715303317750250210055338","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0118715303317750250210055338","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The global prevalence of obesity has surged to epidemic proportions, posing a significant threat to public health in the twenty-first century. Beyond its established association with metabolic diseases, obesity profoundly impacts cardiovascular health, serving as a major risk factor for various cardiovascular illnesses (CVDs), including coronary artery disease, heart failure, hypertension, and stroke. Mechanistically, obesity triggers a cascade of pathophysiological processes, including chronic inflammation and insulin resistance, exacerbating atherosclerosis and endothelial dysfunction. Moreover, obesity correlates with metabolic abnormalities that further elevate the risk of cardiovascular events. As global community has faced the COVID-19 pandemic, and thus, the aftereffects of the pandemic might pose a spectrum of post-viral complications, including cardiovascular sequelae such as myocarditis and arrhythmias. Considering the intersectionality of obesity, COVID-19, and cardiovascular health are imperative, particularly as obese individuals face heightened risks of severe post-COVID-19 effects and subsequent cardiovascular complications. Lifestyle management emerges as a cornerstone in preventing and managing obesity-related cardiovascular risks, encompassing dietary modifications, physical activity, behavioural therapies, and patient education. Embracing innovative approaches, including modulation of gut microbiota and novel drug developments, holds promise in addressing the intricate nexus between obesity and cardiovascular diseases. This review underscores the paramount importance of lifestyle interventions over pharmacological measures, advocating for a comprehensive approach involving healthcare practitioners, researchers, and policymakers to mitigate the long-term cardiovascular consequences of obesity and COVID-19.</p>","PeriodicalId":94316,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine, metabolic & immune disorders drug targets","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143665787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}