Endocrine, metabolic & immune disorders drug targets最新文献

{"title":"REV-ERBα as a Transcriptional Regulator Linking Circadian Rhythm, Metabolism, and Inflammation.","authors":"Xuguang Luo, Ximei Cao","doi":"10.2174/0118715303480841260729054543","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0118715303480841260729054543","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The nuclear receptor REV-ERBα modulates the expression of genes associated with circadian rhythm, metabolic homeostasis, and inflammation. Previous studies have demonstrated that circadian disruption drives persistent inflammation, which further contributes to multiple chronic inflammatory complications, including muscle wasting. Muscle wasting is a consequence of disruptions in the balance between energy metabolism and anabolic catabolism. Specifically, this review focuses on the regulatory role of REV-ERBα in energy metabolism and inflammation, with the aim of facilitating the development of novel therapeutic approaches for metabolic syndrome and related disorders. The disruption of circadian and metabolic homeostasis is linked to a rising incidence of inflammatory disorders. <i>Rev-erbα</i> may be a promising target for addressing changes in metabolic pathways and inflammation within the circadian rhythm. Clarifying how the circadian clock and <i>Rev-erbα</i> intersect with immune functions is critical for interpreting immune system function and developing new therapeutic approaches for managing inflammatory conditions, such as muscle wasting. In summary, research on the role of REV-ERBα in energy metabolism and inflammation is currently ongoing. It is necessary that highly selective targeted compounds be developed to advance strategies for metabolic and inflammatory diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":94316,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine, metabolic & immune disorders drug targets","volume":" ","pages":"e18715303480841"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148809731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-induced Diabetes Mellitus: A Clinical Case Series.","authors":"Zhenya Ruseva, Radina Dimitrova","doi":"10.2174/0118715303482804260804060220","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0118715303482804260804060220","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are a revolutionary class of drugs for the treatment of various malignancies by harnessing the immune system to eliminate cancer cells. However, their antitumor efficacy is accompanied by a spectrum of immune-mediated adverse effects, including endocrine disorders. Among them, diabetes mellitus, though rare compared to thyroid dysfunction, is a serious complication due to its abrupt onset and high risk of life-threatening diabetic ketoacidosis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This article presents several clinical cases of ICI-induced diabetes mellitus with an emphasis on the clinical presentation, biochemical assessment, and the importance of early recognition.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Each of the patients in this clinical case series was admitted to the hospital on an emergency basis with significant hyperglycaemia and ketonuria. Given the established insulin deficiency (low C-peptide levels), after stabilization with intravenous insulin and rehydration, they were switched to maintenance therapy with subcutaneous administration of basal and rapid-acting insulin.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The management of immune-mediated diabetes mellitus requires an individualized approach, considering the rapid progression to insulin dependence, the oncologic status of the patient, and the need for continuation of immunotherapy.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Early identification through regular glucose monitoring and rapid insulin initiation are crucial for effective management of ICI-induced diabetes mellitus. Comprehensive care requires close cooperation between oncology and endocrinology teams, individualized follow-up, and lifelong insulin therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":94316,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine, metabolic & immune disorders drug targets","volume":"26 ","pages":"e18715303482804"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149027499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Causal Impact of Genetically Predicted Leptin Levels on Atrial Fibrillation Risk: Evidence from Bidirectional Mendelian Randomization Analysis.","authors":"Xiaoyong Huang, Fuyuan Li, Yun Zhang, Xianjun Wu","doi":"10.2174/0118715303417995251113184235","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0118715303417995251113184235","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most prevalent cardiac arrhythmia, contributing substantially to global morbidity and mortality. Although adiposity-related adipokines such as leptin have been associated with AF, the causal direction and independence from confounding factors remain uncertain.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We applied a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) framework to assess the causal relationship between genetically predicted circulating leptin levels and AF risk. Genetic instruments for leptin were obtained from BMI-adjusted genome-wide association studies (GWAS), and AF summary statistics were sourced from large-scale meta-analyses. Causal estimates were derived using inverse variance-weighted (IVW), weighted median, and MR-robust adjusted profile score (MR-RAPS) methods. Reverse MR and sensitivity analyses were conducted to evaluate directionality and robustness.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Genetically predicted elevated leptin levels were significantly associated with increased AF risk (IVW OR = 1.18, 95% CI: 1.05-1.32, p = 0.005), supported by weighted median (OR = 1.24, 95% CI: 1.07-1.43, p = 0.004) and MR-RAPS (OR = 1.18, 95% CI: 1.05-1.33, p = 0.007) analyses. Reverse MR showed no evidence of a causal effect of AF on leptin levels. Sensitivity analyses confirmed the consistency and robustness of the findings.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study provides genetic evidence supporting a unidirectional causal effect of elevated leptin levels on AF risk, independent of adiposity. While these findings highlight leptin as a potential biomarker for AF susceptibility, further mechanistic and translational research is warranted to explore its role in atrial remodeling and therapeutic targeting.</p>","PeriodicalId":94316,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine, metabolic & immune disorders drug targets","volume":" ","pages":"e18715303417995"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146032459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic Prediction of Causal Association Between Celiac Disease and Thyroid Function: A Two-Sample Mendelian Randomized Study","authors":"Xiaoshun He, Hanxin Lv, Wangjianfei Yu, Jun He, Yuyang Xie, Lihao Zhou, Hua Wu, Lingchuan Guo, Xiaoqin Yang","doi":"10.2174/0118715303364014250713045734","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0118715303364014250713045734","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>Observational studies have suggested an association between celiac disease and thyroid dysfunction, but their causal relationship has not yet been established.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Summary statistics for celiac disease were retrieved from the FinnGen Consortium, thyroid hormone and antibody data were obtained from the ThyroidOmics Consortium, and genetic variants associated with hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism were sourced from the UK Biobank. MR statistical analyses used the inverse variance weighted algorithm, followed by various sensitivity analyses and reliability evaluations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Genetic proxied celiac disease was significantly associated with increased free thyroxine (FT4) and thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb) levels and decreased free triiodothyronine (FT3)/FT4 ratio, whereas the causality of this common enteropathy on thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), FT3, total triiodothyronine (TT3), and TT3/FT4 ratio (and vice versa) is unfounded. Moreover, the findings of MR analysis tend to favor the causality of celiac disease for hyperthyroidism, but not hypothyroidism.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>By leveraging large GWAS consortia datasets, our MR study indicates that the genetic liability to celiac disease is suggestively detrimental to the homeostasis of FT4 and TPOAb levels and FT3/FT4 ratio. Our findings provide caution regarding the risk of hyperthyroidism but not hypothyroidism for individuals suffering from celiac disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":94316,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine, metabolic & immune disorders drug targets","volume":" ","pages":"e18715303364014"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144746710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transporter Associated with Antigen Processing Proteins (TAP-1 and TAP-2) Gene Expression of MHC-I Downregulated in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma","authors":"Vijay Singh, Shailendra Dwivedi, Ruchika Agrawal, Mohanraj Palani Selvam, Akash Bansal, Akash Agarwal, Sanjeev Misra","doi":"10.2174/0118715303344715241225184322","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0118715303344715241225184322","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>TAP-1 and TAP-2 are crucial proteins for loading antigenic peptides after proteasome-mediated endogenous processing of the MHC-I (Major Histocompatibility Complex- I) pathway. Our study aimed to explore the Transporter Associated with Antigen Processing proteins (TAP-1 and TAP-2) in oral squamous cell carcinoma and premalignant oral lesions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We recruited a total of 135 subjects from the outpatient department of the ENT unit of our institute. Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) was used to evaluate the levels of TAP-1 and TAP-2 gene expression in pre-cancerous and oral squamous carcinoma samples. Additionally, we measured the circulating levels of inflammatory markers using an automated biochemistry analyzer.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the current study, we found that the subjects with oral squamous cell carcinoma had lower expressions of the TAP 1 and TAP 2 genes than precancerous oral subjects of OSMF, leukoplakia, and OLP. In oral squamous carcinoma subjects, we found a 1.7- and 2.1-fold change in gene expression of TAP-1 and TAP-2, respectively, compared to control subjects. Furthermore, we observed an increased levels of metabolic inflammatory biomarkers, including CRP, ESR, and ferritin in oral squamous carcinoma subjects compared to premalignant cases and controls, indicating the presence and aggravation of systemic inflammation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study revealed that subjects with oral squamous cell carcinoma have lower TAP 1 and TAP 2 gene expression than premalignant control subjects, thus affecting MHC-I processing, which ultimately affects the functioning of the immune system. These results have the potential to improve our understanding of disease pathophysiology and provide more targeted treatment options.</p>","PeriodicalId":94316,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine, metabolic & immune disorders drug targets","volume":" ","pages":"e18715303344715"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13284669/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143416463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrative Analysis of Metabolomic and Transcriptomic Data Reveals Metabolic Signatures and Major Metabolic Pathways in Primary Aldosteronism","authors":"Xiaomei Lai, Tingting Yang, Chaoping Wei, Shuangbei Zhu, Jianling Li","doi":"10.2174/0118715303361250250119035029","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0118715303361250250119035029","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Primary aldosteronism (PA) is the most common secondary hypertension. In this study, we performed the pathway enrichment analysis based on metabolomics and transcriptomic data to find the metabolic perturbations in PA, which could provide new targets for PA and further understand the biology of PA.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>24 PA patients and 24 healthy adults served as the control group in this study. Six participants were chosen from each group to have their peripheral blood and serum samples analyzed for omics investigations. Another eighteen participants' peripheral blood samples were selected for further validation of the RNA-sequencing results.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Transcriptomic analyses found 518 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), and 339 remarkably differential metabolites (DMs) were identified by untargeted metabolomics. The pathway enrichment analysis was performed by combining with the omics analysis data. We also focused on analyzing metabolic pathways that repeatedly occur and constructed possible genemetabolic networks. A total of 5 genes and 11 metabolites showed significant changes in altered 3 lipid metabolic pathways. Furthermore, the expressions of these genes were verified by qRT-PCR.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The combination of metabolomic and transcriptomic data can give a comprehensive picture of unique illness markers and preliminary knowledge of the molecular abnormalities underpinning PA. These findings may point to viable targets for creating treatments.</p>","PeriodicalId":94316,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine, metabolic & immune disorders drug targets","volume":" ","pages":"e18715303361250"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13559962/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143416341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Comparison between LTT and CFSE Proliferation Tests in Patients with Inborn Errors of Adaptive Immunity.","authors":"Tannaz Moeini Shad, Nima Taghizadeh, Samaneh Delavari, Nazanin Aghamohamadi, Ali Zarezadeh Mehrabadi, Fereshte Salami, Soha Mohammadi, Helia Salehi, Saba Fekrvand, Marzieh Tavakol, Nazanin Fathi, Zahra Chavoshzadeh, Mehrnaz Mesdaghi, Mahsa Ghadrdan, Alireza Shafiei, Nima Rezaei, Reza Yazdani, Hassan Abolhassani","doi":"10.2174/0118715303363026250312063731","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0118715303363026250312063731","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Inborn errors of immunity (IEI) include immunodeficiencies affecting cellular and humoral immunity.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>We aimed to compare the effectiveness of the lymphocyte transformation test (LTT) and carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester (CFSE) assays in assessing lymphocyte proliferation in IEI patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We utilized radioactive (3H)-thymidine and non-radioactive CFSE to measure lymphocyte proliferation in three distinct groups: syndromic CID (SyCID), non-syndromic combined immunodeficiency (N-SyCID), and primary antibody deficiency (PAD).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>LTT identified 8 cases of abnormal lymphocyte proliferation among all patients, whereas CFSE detected 23 cases. In the N-SyCID group, LTT identified more abnormalities than CFSE, whereas, in the SyCID and PAD groups, CFSE detected more defects. Two patients with ataxia telangiectasia and CVID had positive results on both LTT and CFSE tests, and a specific <i>ORAI1</i> gene mutation resulted in differing test outcomes.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>It was found that the CFSE method is a reliable and practical choice for measuring mitogenic T-cell responses in unclassified IEI patients for confirmation of immunologic diagnosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":94316,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine, metabolic & immune disorders drug targets","volume":" ","pages":"e18715303363026"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143782326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comprehensive View of Magnesium Physiology.","authors":"Shagufta Jawaid, Samya Shams, Damini Kharb, Omar A Al-Bar, Mustafa Zeyadi, Ibrahim Sultan Al Hazmi, Vikas Kumar, Firoz Anwar","doi":"10.2174/0118715303364703250224053714","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0118715303364703250224053714","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Significant progress has been observed in recent decades, elucidating the biochemical, cellular, and molecular pathways that regulate the 10% inorganic ions, such as Na, K, Ca, HCO3, Cl, and fluid balance in both health and diseases. However, magnesium (Mg), a forgotten electrolyte, despite its critical role as the calcium antagonist found in nature with clinically relevant data on Mg disorders, was one of the least used ions till the late twentieth century. The underappreciation of the clinical importance of Mg may stem from a lack of detailed knowledge about its regulation at the subcellular and systemic levels. Recent technologies and scientific advancements in identifying Mg-specific ion channels and transporters, alongside a more profound understanding of biochemical, physiological, and hormonal mechanisms regulating Mg homeostasis, have opened new ways and renewed interest in magnesium research in human science, shedding light on its critical multidimensional role in various biological processes and offering new insight into its therapeutic potential. This comprehensive review delves into the latest advancements regarding the physiological functions of Mg, emphasising hypomagnesaemia as the most clinical manifestation of Mg imbalance. It covers key aspects, such as the physiology of Mg transporters, the renal mechanism in Mg homeostasis, and integrated regulatory systems governing its balance. Additionally, it addresses Mg deficiency, highlighting the intricate interplay between Mg, Ca, and K deficiencies, drug-induced Mg depletion, and non-pharmacological aetiologies. The review also looks at how common magnesium deficiencies are, how to diagnose them, and what they mean for patients. It also looks at how magnesium supplements can help with a number of medical conditions, giving a full picture of the important biological role of magnesium.</p>","PeriodicalId":94316,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine, metabolic & immune disorders drug targets","volume":" ","pages":"e18715303364703"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13559948/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144034777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Review of Traditional Chinese Medicine in the Treatment of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease.","authors":"Yifan Lu, Yixuan Xie, Xinyi Yang, Lijuan Nie, Zhe Cheng, Yixian He, Tiansu Lv, Qibiao Wu, Xiqiao Zhou","doi":"10.2174/0118715303361217250629091316","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0118715303361217250629091316","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the leading cause of chronic liver disease in many regions worldwide. Although Rezdiffra was approved by the FDA in March 2024 for the treatment of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis in its middle to advanced stages, it has certain limitations. Therefore, there is a pressing need to develop new treatments, including herbal remedies or combinations of them.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study conducted a literature search across the PubMed, Embase, MEDLINE, and CNKI databases. The search strategy included terms such as (nafld(Title/Abstract), (mafld(Title/Abstract)), (masld(Title/Abstract)), (mash(Title/Abstract)), (nash(Title/Abstract)), (non alcoholic fatty liver disease(Title/Abstract)), and (non alcoholic steatohepatitis(Title/ Abstract)). Experimental or clinical studies that examined herbs or combinations with the highest number of studies and impact factors were included.</p><p><strong>Results and discussion: </strong>Five classical herbal combinations and twelve individual Chinese herbs were identified. These herbs demonstrated efficacy in activating blood circulation, clearing heat and toxins, improving vision, and reducing jaundice.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This review highlights the promising clinical potential of these herbs and herbal combinations for treating NAFLD. Their benefits include anti-inflammatory effects, anti oxidative stress, regulation of lipid metabolism, improvement of insulin resistance, modulation of intestinal flora, and antifibrotic properties. Further exploration of clinical literature related to these formulations is needed to better understand their efficacy and establish a comprehensive framework for their use in NAFLD treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":94316,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine, metabolic & immune disorders drug targets","volume":" ","pages":"e18715303361217"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144562534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bridging Glycemic and Lipid Control: Effects of Dapagliflozin in Co-Morbid Diabetes and Heart Failure – A Randomized Controlled Trial","authors":"Laxmi Sankalpa Bhaganagarapu, Sarumathy Sundararajan, Vengatesh Munusamy","doi":"10.2174/0118715303398749251027044323","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0118715303398749251027044323","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Dapagliflozin, an SGLT2 inhibitor developed for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM), has shown multiple cardiovascular benefits. This study evaluated its effects on lipid profile and IR pattern in South Indian patients with T2DM and Heart Failure (HF).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This randomized trial was conducted over 180 days in 58 patients with T2DM and HF, assigned in a 1:1 ratio to standard therapy or standard therapy plus dapagliflozin 10 mg daily. Lipid, glycemic, and IR parameters were assessed at baseline, 12 weeks, and 24 weeks.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Dapagliflozin group showed marked improvements in BMI (p = 0.01), TC (p = 0.02), TG (p = 0.01), HDL (p = 0.001), LDL (p = 0.002), and VLDL (p = 0.01), FPG (p = 0.0001), PPG (p = 0.002) and HbA1c (p = 0.01), HOMA-IR (p = 0.002), HOMA2%B (p = 0.003), and decreased insulin levels (p = 0.001) by 24 weeks. In contrast, significant changes were noted only in LDL (p = 0.01), HDL (p = 0.03), and TG (p = 0.01) in the standard group. A positive correlation was observed between the mean change in TG and HOMA-IR after 24 weeks of dapagliflozin treatment.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Dapagliflozin improved lipid profile and reduced IR, demonstrating benefits in T2DM and HF patients, which aligned with the findings from the larger SGLT2i trials. Study limitations included the small sample size, single-center setting, and an open-label design.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Dapagliflozin improved lipid and IR, highlighting its potential as an adjunctive therapy in patients with co-morbid T2DM and HF.</p><p><strong>Clinical trial number: </strong>CTRI/2024/01/06208.</p>","PeriodicalId":94316,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine, metabolic & immune disorders drug targets","volume":" ","pages":"e18715303398749"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13316849/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146047741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}