Endocrine, metabolic & immune disorders drug targets最新文献

{"title":"Effect of a Medication Adherence Education Intervention on Clinical Outcomes in Adults with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Randomized Controlled Trial Study.","authors":"Ali Tarighat Esfanjani, Maryam Zare, Afrouz Mardi, Arezoo Haghighian-Roudsari, Maryam Rafraf, Manouchehr Iranparvar-Alamdari, Daniel Hackett, Abdolreza Shaghaghi, Mohammad Asghari Jafarabadi","doi":"10.2174/0118715303335172241216102015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0118715303335172241216102015","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Low adherence to Oral Antidiabetic Drugs (OADs) in adults with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) leads to complications, death, and increased healthcare costs.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of medication adherence education interventions for the clinical outcomes of adults with T2DM.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Seventy adults with T2DM from an outpatient clinic in the City of Ardabil, Iran, participated in this study. The participants were randomized into an intervention group (n=35) or a non-interventional group (n=35). The intervention group underwent four educational sessions focused on adherence to OADs. Content within classes was influenced by a participant's Stage of Change (SOC) result, which was related to behavior change modeling. Participants in the non-interventional group were placed on a waiting list to receive educational content after the follow- up. Assessments were conducted at baseline, four weeks, and six months.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Significant improvements in Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG) (P = 0.018) and 2-hour Plasma Glucose (2-hPG) (P < 0.001) levels were found in the intervention group compared to the noninterventional group post-intervention. Additionally, HbA1C was significantly lower at follow-up in the intervention group than in the non-intervention group (P < 0.001). The Homeostasis Model of Insulin Resistance Assessment (HOMA-IR) revealed a significant increase in target cell sensitivity to insulin in the intervention group compared to that in the non-interventional during the follow- up period (P = 0.009). The SOC for adherence to OADs was significantly improved in the intervention group compared to that in the non-intervention group at the follow-up timepoint (P< 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Medication adherence education interventions may improve the clinical outcomes of adults with T2DM.</p>","PeriodicalId":94316,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine, metabolic & immune disorders drug targets","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143019388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary and Nutritional Aspects of Metabolic Syndrome Management: An Overview.","authors":"Pargat Singh, Ujjwal Kaushik, Showkat R Mir, Neha Kukreti, Sharad Visht","doi":"10.2174/0118715303316445241108100017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0118715303316445241108100017","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sedentary lifestyles and prolonged physical inactivity are often linked to poor mental and physical health as well as an increased risk of a number of chronic illnesses, including cancer, obesity, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular problems. Metabolic Syndrome (MetS), as the new disease, has emerged as the world's leading cause of illness. Despite having its roots in the West, this issue has now completely globalized due to the development of the Western way of life throughout the world. It currently affects almost one-fifth of the American and European populations, and its incidence has increased in Southeast Asian nations as well. Comparing patients with metabolic syndrome to the general population, it is estimated that they have a 5-fold greater risk of diabetes mellitus and a 2-fold increased risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular illnesses. MetS is a chronic or prevalent condition associated with various lifestyle conditions characterized by abdominal obesity, low HDL-c cholesterol, insulin resistance, high blood pressure, and dyslipidemia. It has been suggested that insulin resistance, chronic inflammation, and neurohormonal activation are the factors behind the development of metabolic syndrome. In lieu of an upsurge in the complications associated with MetS in modern society, many alternative approaches apart from medicine are being constantly explored. Effects of vivid dietary patterns and nutritional interventions have been thoroughly researched, although the most effective dietary approach remains undetermined. This review discussed different etiological aspects of MetS and brought forth the role of nutritional approaches, micro- and macronutrient intake, lifestyle changes, and herbal intervention in its management.</p>","PeriodicalId":94316,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine, metabolic & immune disorders drug targets","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143019256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global Publication Trends and Research Hotspots of Diabetes and Osteoporosis.","authors":"Yuan Zhang, Qi Ren, Panmei Zhao, Qinghua Zou","doi":"10.2174/0118715303325060241211094931","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0118715303325060241211094931","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Diabetes and osteoporosis, as chronic diseases with high incidence, have caused deep concern in the field of global public health due to their high morbidity and mortality. More importantly, the complex and close relationship between diabetes and osteoporosis has gradually become the focus of scientific research. It is very meaningful to carry out bibliometric analysis in the research field of diabetes and osteoporosis to describe the current international trend and present a visual representation of the past and emerging trends of diabetes and osteoporosis in the past decade.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this study, the characteristics of the articles on \"diabetes and osteoporosis\" retrieved and downloaded from the Web of Science Core Collection [WoSCC] database from January 1, 2011 to December 1, 2022 were analyzed by bibliometrics to clarify the evolution and theme trends between the two diseases. Citespace software was used for data analysis and visualization, including countries, academic institutions, journals, authors, subject categories, keywords, references, and citations. In addition, some important subtopics identified by bibliometric characterization were further discussed and reviewed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Finally, 3372 articles were included in the analysis, including a total of 96 countries, 407 organizations, 1161 journals, and 617 keywords. Articles related to diabetes and osteoporosis were first published in 2011 and then showed an increasing trend year by year. The United States, China, Italy, England, and Japan were the top 5 countries associated with the largest number of publications. University of California-San Francisco, China Medical University, University of Toronto, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, and Mayo Clinic were the top 5 academic institutions in terms of the number of published papers. The top 5 authors with the highest number of publications were William D, Ann V, Nicola, Peter, and Toshitsugu. Osteoporosis International has published 130 articles in this field, ranking first among highly productive journals. In addition to diabetes and osteoporosis, the most frequently used keywords were bone mineral density, obesity, and fracture.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>More and more studies have been conducted on diabetes and osteoporosis, and the current research mainly focuses on the pathogenesis of various chronic diseases. In the future, more attention may be paid to the prevention and management of these two chronic diseases and the production and application of new drugs.</p>","PeriodicalId":94316,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine, metabolic & immune disorders drug targets","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143019448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oral Microbiota Associated with Clinical Efficacy of Ustekinumab in Crohn's Disease.","authors":"Feiyang Xu, Rui Xie, Le He, Honggang Wang, Yifan Zhu, Xiaozhong Yang, Huiming Yu","doi":"10.2174/0118715303363951241209060903","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0118715303363951241209060903","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Crohn's Disease (CD) is a chronic inflammatory gastrointestinal disease. Ustekinumab (UST) has been utilized as a therapeutic option for CD patients. However, approximately 40-60% of patients exhibit an inadequate response to UST. Accumulating evidence has confirmed the involvement of oral bacteria in the development of CD. Nevertheless, the relationship between oral microbiota and the efficacy of UST therapy in CD patients has remained unexplored.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>We recruited 28 healthy individuals and 53 CD patients, 47 of whom completed the entire UST therapy. Oral samples and clinical data were collected. The clinical response and clinical remission were defined based on the CDAI score. Oral samples were analyzed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The analysis of sequence data was performed by QIIME and R.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We revealed the oral microbial difference between the Healthy Control (HC) group and the CD group. The enrichment of Fusobacteria, Leptotrichia, Capnocytophaga, and Campylobacter, and the diminution of Haemophilus and Rothia were observed in the CD group. Differences in oral microbiota were also identified among patients with different efficacy of UST. Compared to the response and remission groups, both the non-response and non-remission groups showed significantly higher levels of Fusobacteria and Leptotrichia. Predictive models for clinical response and clinical remission in UST were developed based on oral microbiota, with the Area Under the Curve (AUC) value of 0.944 and 0.930, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Oral microbiota was relevant to the UST efficacy in patients with CD based on the predictive model. These findings suggest that oral microbiota could serve as a non-invasive prognostic biomarker for UST treatment in CD patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":94316,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine, metabolic & immune disorders drug targets","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142985918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bioinformatics Analysis Reveals Microrchidia Family Genes as the Prognostic and Therapeutic Markers for Colorectal Cancer.","authors":"Binghui Liu, Lingbin Chen, Hui Chen, Juhua Pan, Changfa Yu","doi":"10.2174/0118715303367767241231113110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0118715303367767241231113110","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Aim: &lt;/strong&gt;The aim of this study is to examine the role of the microrchidia (MORC) family, a group of chromatin remodeling proteins, as the therapeutic and prognostic markers for colorectal cancer (CRC).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;MORC protein family genes are a highly conserved nucleoprotein superfamily whose members share a common domain but have distinct biological functions. Previous studies have analyzed the roles of MORCs as epigenetic regulators and chromatin remodulators; however, the involvement of MORCs in the development and pathogenesis of CRC was less examined.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objective: &lt;/strong&gt;The current work examined the role of the MORCs as the therapeutic and prognostic markers for CRC.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;The expressions and prognostic significance of MORC family genes in CRC were explored. The role of these genes in tumor immunity was comprehensively analyzed in terms of their functions in immune cell infiltration, tumor microenvironment (TME), and their interaction with immune regulatory genes such as immunosuppressive genes, immune checkpoints and immunostimulatory genes. The relations between MORC family genes, tumor mutation burden (TMB), DNA, mismatch repair (MMR), RNA methylation, microsatellite instability (MSI), and drug sensitivity were investigated using the R statistical software. The expressions of MORC4 in 150 CRC tissues and 60 paracancer tissues were detected by immunohistochemical method. CRC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion were measured by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8), scratch assay, and transwell cell invasion assay.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;The expressions of MORC2 and MORC4 were significantly upregulated, whereas those of MORC1 and MORC3 were noticeably downregulated in CRC in comparison to their expressions in normal colorectal mucosal tissues. Patients with high-expressed MORC2 showed a more unfavorable prognosis than those with a low MORC2 level. Functional annotation analysis identified 100 MORC family genes with the most significant negative or positive correlations to diabetic cardiomyopathy, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, oxidative phosphorylation, Huntington's disease, thermogenesis, Parkinson's disease, olfactory transduction, Alzheimer's disease, prion disease. MORC3 expression was positively correlated with Stromal score, Immune score and ESTIMATE score, while MORC2 expression was negatively related to the three scores in CRC, these correlations were not statistically significant. Additionally, the MORC family genes were significantly positively correlated with tumor-infiltrating immune cells such as T helper cells and exhibited close relations to some immunosuppressive genes such as CXCR4 and PVR, immunostimulatory genes such as TGFBR1, KDR, and CD160 as well as some immune checkpoint genes. It was found that the expressions of some members of MORC family genes were positively correlated with DNA methylation, MSI, TMB, MMRs, and drug sensitivit","PeriodicalId":94316,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine, metabolic & immune disorders drug targets","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142985914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Protective Effect of Vitamin D Supplementation Against Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Model.","authors":"Ayman Saeed Alhazmi","doi":"10.2174/0118715303341809241022110317","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0118715303341809241022110317","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a leading cause of mortality on a global scale, with a higher prevalence observed among men. This study investigated the protective effect of vitamin D supplementation on CVD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cohort of thirty mice was divided into three groups: control, T1 diabetic, and T1 diabetic groups that received vitamin D treatment. For each mouse in the three groups, measurements were taken of body weight, blood glucose levels, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), lipid profile, cardiac enzymes, troponin I, adropin, nitric oxide (NO), endothelin-1, and Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). In addition, measurements were taken for the overall lymphocyte count, as well as the CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD4+, CD25+, and CD8+ CD25+ cell counts in all mice.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The diabetic mice that received vitamin D treatment exhibited significant reductions in blood glucose levels, HbA1c levels, lipid profile, cardiac enzymes, troponin I, endothelin-1, and VEGF levels as compared to the untreated diabetic group (p < 0.01). Furthermore, there was an observed rise in adropin and NO levels in diabetic mice that received vitamin D treatment compared to the untreated diabetic group (p < 0.05). The diabetic mice treated with vitamin D exhibited a substantial decrease in total lymphocyte counts compared to the untreated diabetic and control animals (p < 0.0001). Regarding the CD3+ subset, it was shown that diabetic mice subjected to vitamin D treatment had notably elevated levels of these cells compared to both the untreated diabetic and control groups (p < 0.0001). In addition, the administration of vitamin D resulted in a substantial decrease in the numbers of CD4+ and CD8+ cells in the group of individuals with diabetes (p < 0.0001). The diabetes group that received vitamin D treatment had significantly reduced populations of CD4+ CD25+ and CD8+ CD25+ compared to the untreated diabetic group (p < 0.0001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Vitamin D maintains the integrity of the cardiovascular system through the reduction of blood glucose levels and lipid profile. Moreover, its supplementation prevents atherosclerotic CVD by suppressing inflammatory reactions.</p>","PeriodicalId":94316,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine, metabolic & immune disorders drug targets","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142985921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationship Between Pituitary Gland and Stem Cell in the Aspect of Hormone Production and Disease Prevention: A Narrative Review.","authors":"Amit Sharma, Rohit Kumar, Arti Saini, Wandeep Dagar, Kanishka Kapoor, Karan Goel, Isha Chawla, Meenakshi Dhanawat","doi":"10.2174/0118715303314551241031093717","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0118715303314551241031093717","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objectives: &lt;/strong&gt;In the last two decades, scientists have gained a better understanding of several aspects of pituitary development. The signaling pathways that govern pituitary morphology and development have been identified, and the compensatory relationships among them are now known.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Aims: &lt;/strong&gt;This paper aims to emphasize the wide variety of relationships between Pituitary Gland and Stem cells in hormone Production and disease prevention.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;Based on many case reports and several types of research, a wide variety of relationships between the Pituitary Gland and Stem cells in the aspect of hormone Production and disease prevention are reviewed in this literature. In this paper, we focus on various roles and functions of the pituitary gland, the responsibilities of stem cells as a mode of hormone production, and disease prevention.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;Within this period, more was discovered concerning the contributions made to the transcription factors within the pituitary development, with factors such as Prop1, Pitx1, and Sox2 being defined as important in the development and action of hormone-secreting cells. They are also required in the appropriate specification of the cell types in the pituitary gland and the persistence of the progenitors. Manipulation of these factors causes developmental defects as well as tumors, thus the necessity of knowing the precise function and interaction of these factors. A closer look at these transcription factors could help expand treatment options for structural defect development or give rise to pituitary adenomas. It has been established that signaling pathways such as Sonic Hedgehog (Shh), Wnt, and Notch play a part in modulating pituitary development. These pathways are involved in regulating important processes such as cellular proliferation, differentiation, and organization of the pituitary gland tissues. Breaching any of these pathways has been correlated with the development of various pituitary-related conditions including adenomas and congenital hypopituitarism. Moving forward, further studies of these pathways and their associations with stem cells could provide a better understanding of disease processes and approaches to manage them. This way, there is a possibility of developing new approaches aimed at treating the cause of the dysfunction of the pituitary gland by modulating its specific signaling activities. Promising directions for the stimulation of hormone synthesis and restoration of normal pituitary function upon its disorders via tissue regrowth could be found in stem cell application. The fact that one can generate functional pituitary cells from iPSCs for instance provides new avenues both for the understanding of pituitary disease mechanisms as well as for personalized medicine. It is possible to utilize these stem cell- derived cells for modeling disease, drug discovery or even transplantation to restore","PeriodicalId":94316,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine, metabolic & immune disorders drug targets","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142985924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Potential of Natural Products in Metabolic Disease Management: A Thorough Exploration of the Case of Uganda.","authors":"Allan Amooti Ahikiriza, Sarad Pawar Naik Bukke, Tadele Mekuriya Yadesa, Buyinza Nicholas, Kasolo Daniel, Kabali Moses, Sewalu Mathias Bonny Ddumba, Pranav Kumar Prabhakar","doi":"10.2174/0118715303320109241014064209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0118715303320109241014064209","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>As Ugandans grapple with an increase in metabolic diseases, researchers are turning to their rich tradition of natural remedies. This review explores promising plants, such as Moringa oleifera, bridging the gap between the wisdom of Ugandan healers and modern science. Although these plants show potential, challenges remain. Many lack rigorous testing, standardized extracts, and long-term safety data. To unlock their true potential, a multipronged approach is needed. First, well-designed clinical trials are crucial to bringing together traditional healers and modern researchers. Imagine a Ugandan pharmacist precisely measuring a Moringa oleifera extract - this standardization ensures consistent results for future patients. Second, researchers need to delve deeper into how these plants influence the body. Finally, long-term safety studies are essential, especially when combined with medications. By following these steps, researchers can unleash the true power of Ugandan natural products. This empowers Ugandans to take control of their health. Future exploration of lesser-known plants and culturally sensitive education programs can further equip Ugandans on their way to well-being.</p>","PeriodicalId":94316,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine, metabolic & immune disorders drug targets","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142985926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations of Chronic Hepatitis B and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Diseases with New-Onset Metabolic Syndrome in Military Personnel before Midlife: A Cohort Study.","authors":"Kun-Zhe Tsai, Pang-Yen Liu, Yen-Chen Lin, Chen-Ming Huang, Hui-Shang Wang, Gen-Min Lin","doi":"10.2174/0118715303323078241022050619","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0118715303323078241022050619","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Hepatic inflammation, e.g., Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Diseases (NAFLD) and the severe form of steatohepatitis (NASH), has been associated with a higher risk of MetS in the general population.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>This study aimed to investigate the associations of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) and fatty liver diseases with the incidence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in young adults, which have not been verified before.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The associations between NAFLD, NASH, and CHB and the incidence of new-onset MetS remain inconclusive in young adults.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cohort study included 2,614 military personnel aged 18-39 years who were free of baseline MetS in 2014 and were followed for the incidence of MetS in each annual health examination until the end of 2020. CHB was defined by the presence of the hepatitis B surface antigen with an established diagnosis history. NAFLD and NASH were defined by the ultrasound finding with an elevated alanine transaminase (27-53.9 and ≥54 U/L in men and 15-29.9 and ≥30 U/L in women, respectively). MetS was defined based on the International Diabetes Federation criteria. Multivariable Cox regression analysis was used to determine the associations between hepatitis and incident MetS.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>During a mean follow-up of 6.0 years, 582 new-onset MetS cases occurred (22.3%). NAFLD and NASH were associated with a greater risk of new-onset MetS (hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals: 1.47 (1.21-1.79) and 1.66 (1.16-2.39), respectively), while no association for CHB was found (HR: 1.31 (0.88-1.96)).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study found that NAFLD and NASH, while not CHB, were independent risk factors of new-onset MetS with adjustments for potential covariates, e.g., physical activity and fitness in young adults.</p>","PeriodicalId":94316,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine, metabolic & immune disorders drug targets","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142980875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cardiovascular Findings and Effects of Caffeine on Experimental Hypothyroidism.","authors":"Duygu Yüksel, Ozlem Ozmen","doi":"10.2174/0118715303315657240819114052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0118715303315657240819114052","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Thyroid hormone deficiencies can disrupt organ functions, significantly impacting the cardiovascular system. Recently, the effects of thyroid hormones on the heart have garnered increased attention. However, most studies are conducted on humans using clinical data, while cellular-level and experimental studies remain limited.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to investigate the cardiovascular implications of hypothyroidism and evaluate the impact of caffeine on cardiac health in rats induced with hypothyroidism using propylthiouracil (PTU).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study involved 60 rats divided into six groups. Group 1 served as the untreated control. Group 2 received PTU for two months to induce hypothyroidism. Group 3 received PTU for one month, followed by caffeine for one month. Group 4 received caffeine for two months. Group 5 received both PTU and caffeine simultaneously for two months. Group 6 received PTU for one month, followed by one month under normal conditions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>During necropsy, normal thyroid glands were observed in Groups 1, 4, and 6, enlarged thyroids in Group 2, and smaller thyroids in Groups 3 and 5. Microscopic examination revealed varying thyroid histologies: Group 2 showed significant epithelial cell proliferation and absent colloid, while Groups 3, 5, and 6 had altered yet colloid-containing acini. Macroscopic inspection of hearts appeared normal across all groups. However, histopathological examination revealed significant hyperemia and microhemorrhages in Group 2, contrasting with normal findings in other groups. Immunohistochemical analysis indicated reduced cardiac troponin expression in Group 2, while other groups maintained prominent expression. Additionally, Group 2 displayed increased serum TSH levels and decreased T3 and T4 levels.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The findings suggest that administering caffeine alongside or after PTU treatment in rats with experimentally induced hypothyroidism may ameliorate thyroid and cardiac irregularities. This study indicates caffeine's potential in mitigating the adverse effects of hypothyroidism on thyroid and heart health.</p>","PeriodicalId":94316,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine, metabolic & immune disorders drug targets","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142980792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}